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AN4559应用笔记(DM00127351).pdf
1 Acronyms and abbreviations
2 Getting started
2.1 Hardware description
2.1.1 STM32L0 Nucleo
2.1.2 BlueNRG expansion board
2.1.3 BlueNRG USB dongle
2.2 Software description
2.2.1 STM32Cube
2.2.2 Firmware for STM32 Nucleo with X-NUCLEO-IDB04A1 expansion board
2.3 Hardware and software setup
2.3.1 Hardware setup
2.3.2 Software setup
2.3.3 System setup guide
3 Bluetooth low energy (BLE)
3.1 Bluetooth operating modes
3.2 Bluetooth low energy software partitioning
3.3 Profiles and services
3.4 Bluetooth low energy state machine
4 Software overview
4.1 Software architecture
4.2 STM32Cube HAL
4.3 Board support package (BSP)
4.4 BlueNRG HAL
4.5 ACI
5 Guide for writing applications
5.1 Relevant APIs for BlueNRG application
5.1.1 Initialization
5.1.2 Security requirements
5.1.3 Connectable mode
5.1.4 Connection with the central device
5.2 SensorDemo application description
5.3 Time service
5.3.1 Adding time service
5.3.2 Update and notify characteristic value
5.4 LED service
5.4.1 Adding GATT service and characteristics
5.4.2 Obtaining characteristic value
6 Testing the sample application
6.1 Testing the SensorDemo application using the BlueNRG GUI
6.1.1 Initializing the USB dongle
6.1.2 Scanning for a BLE peripheral device
6.1.3 Connecting to BLE peripheral device
6.1.4 Get services supported by a BLE peripheral device
6.1.5 Get characteristics supported by a BLE peripheral device
6.1.6 Read characteristic value
6.1.7 Write characteristic value
6.1.8 Obtain notification for a characteristic
6.1.9 Disconnecting from remote device
7 References
8 Revision history
AN4559
Application note
Developer’s guide to creating Bluetooth® low energy applications
using STM32 Nucleo and BlueNRG
Hem Dutt Dabral and Mridupawan Das
Introduction
The purpose of the STMCube™ initiative by STMicroelectronics is help application
developers to reduce development effort, time and cost. STM32Cube covers the STM32
microcontroller portfolio. STM32Cube Version 1.x includes:
• The STM32CubeMX, a graphical software configuration tool that allows the generation of
C initialization code using graphical wizards.
• A comprehensive embedded software platform, delivered by series (i.e. the
STM32CubeF4 for STM32F4 series)
– The STM32Cube HAL, an STM32 abstraction-layer embedded software, ensuring
optimized portability across STM32 portfolio.
– A consistent set of middleware components such as RTOS, USB, TCP/IP, graphics
– All embedded software utilities including a full set of examples.
This application note describes how to develop a Bluetooth low energy application using the
STM32 Nucleo platform and the BlueNRG expansion board (X-NUCLEO-IDB04A1), within
the STM32Cube software environment.
October 2014
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Contents
Contents
AN4559
1
2
3
4
5
Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Hardware description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1
STM32L0 Nucleo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1
2.1.2
BlueNRG expansion board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.3
BlueNRG USB dongle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Software description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1
STM32Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Firmware for STM32 Nucleo with X-NUCLEO-IDB04A1 expansion board
2.2.2
7
2.2
2.3
Hardware and software setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Hardware setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.1
Software setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.2
2.3.3
System setup guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Bluetooth low energy (BLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Bluetooth operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Bluetooth low energy software partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Profiles and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Bluetooth low energy state machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Software overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Software architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
STM32Cube HAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Board support package (BSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
BlueNRG HAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ACI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Guide for writing applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Relevant APIs for BlueNRG application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1
5.1.1
Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Security requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.1.2
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Contents
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.1.3
Connectable mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.1.4
Connection with the central device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
SensorDemo application description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Time service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Adding time service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.3.1
5.3.2
Update and notify characteristic value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
LED service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.4.1
Adding GATT service and characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Obtaining characteristic value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.4.2
Testing the sample application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Testing the SensorDemo application using the BlueNRG GUI . . . . . . . . . 27
6.1
Initializing the USB dongle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.1.1
6.1.2
Scanning for a BLE peripheral device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Connecting to BLE peripheral device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.1.3
Get services supported by a BLE peripheral device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.1.4
6.1.5
Get characteristics supported by a BLE peripheral device . . . . . . . . . . 30
Read characteristic value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.1.6
Write characteristic value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.1.7
6.1.8
Obtain notification for a characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Disconnecting from remote device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.1.9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6
7
8
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Acronyms and abbreviations
AN4559
1
Acronyms and abbreviations
Table 1. Acronyms and abbreviations
Acronym
Description
ACI
ATT
BLE
BLE
BSP
BT
GAP
Application controller interface
Attribute protocol
Bluetooth low energy
Bluetooth low energy
Board support package
Bluetooth
Generic access profile
GATT
Generic attribute profile
GUI
HAL
HCI
HRS
IDE
Graphical user interface
Hardware abstraction layer
Host controller interface
Heart rate sensor
Integrated development environment
L2CAP
Logical link control and adaptation protocol
LED
LL
LPM
MCU
PCI
PHY
SIG
SM
SPI
UUID
Light emitting diode
Link layer
Low power manager
Micro controller unit
Profile command interface
Physical layer
Special interest group
Security manager
Serial peripheral interface
Universally unique identifier
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AN4559
Getting started
2
Getting started
This application note describes how to develop a Bluetooth low energy application using the
STM32 Nucleo platform and the BlueNRG expansion board (X-NUCLEO-IDB04A1), within
the STM32Cube software environment. The BlueNRG is a very low power Bluetooth low
energy (BLE) single-mode network processor, compliant with Bluetooth specifications core
4.0.
2.1
Hardware description
This section describes the hardware components needed for developing a BLE application.
The following sub-sections describe the individual components.
2.1.1
STM32L0 Nucleo
The STM32 L0 Nucleo board is a development platform for low power applications that
belongs to the STM32 Nucleo family. It provides an affordable and flexible way for users to
try out new ideas and build prototypes with any of the STM32 microcontroller lines. The
Arduino™ connectivity support and ST Morpho headers make it easy to expand the
functionality of the Nucleo open development platform with a wide choice of specialized
expansion boards. The STM32 Nucleo board does not require any separate probe as it
integrates the ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer. The STM32 Nucleo board comes with
the STM32 comprehensive HAL software library together with various packaged software
examples.
The STM32 Nucleo L0 firmware and related documentation is available on st.com at
http://www.st.com/web/catalog/tools/FM116/SC959/SS1532/LN1847/PF260001.
Figure 1. STM32 Nucleo board
2.1.2
BlueNRG expansion board
The X-NUCLEO-IDB04A1 expansion board is compatible with the STM32 Nucleo boards. It
contains a BlueNRG component, which is a BLE single-mode network processor, compliant
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Getting started
AN4559
with Bluetooth specification v4.0. The BlueNRG can act as master or slave. The entire
Bluetooth low energy stack runs on the embedded Cortex M0 core. The BlueNRG offers the
option of interfacing with external microcontrollers using SPI transport layer.
Figure 2. BlueNRG expansion board connected to STM32 Nucleo board
The X-NUCLEO-IDB04A1 firmware and related documentation is available on st.com at
http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/FM116/SC1075/PF260517.
2.1.3
BlueNRG USB dongle
The STEVAL-IDB003V1 is an evaluation board based on BlueNRG, a low power Bluetooth
Smart IC, compliant with the Bluetooth 4.0 specifications and supporting both master and
slave roles.
The STEVAL-IDB003V1 has a USB connector for PC GUI interaction and firmware update.
Figure 3. STEVAL-IDB003V1 BlueNRG USB dongle
The STEVAL-IDB003V1 evaluation board firmware and related documentation is available
on st.com at http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF260386.
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2.2
Getting started
Software description
The following software components are needed in order to setup the suitable development
environment for creating Bluetooth low energy applications:
•
STM32Cube environment and related firmware for STM32Nucleo and BlueNRG
expansion board
Development tool-chain and compiler. IAR embedded workbench is the development
environment used for the applications described in this document.
•
2.2.1
STM32Cube
STM32Cube is a development framework which provides tools and libraries to develop C
applications on STM32 series platforms.
STM32Cube comprises the STM32CubeL0 platform which includes the STM32Cube HAL
(an STM32 abstraction layer embedded software, ensuring maximized portability across
STM32 portfolio), plus a consistent set of middleware components (such as RTOS, USB,
FatFS and STM32 touch sensing). All embedded software utilities come with a full set of
examples.
STM32CubeL0 gathers in one single package all the generic embedded software
components required to develop an application on STM32L0 microcontrollers.
STM32CubeL0 is fully compatible with STM32CubeMX code generator that allows
generating initialization code. The package includes a low level hardware abstraction layer
(HAL) that covers the microcontroller hardware, together with an extensive set of examples
running on STMicroelectronics boards. The HAL is available in open-source BSD license for
developer convenience.
The STM32CubeL0 firmware and related documentation is available on st.com at
http://www.st.com/web/catalog/tools/FM147/CL1794/SC961/SS1743/PF260508.
2.2.2
Firmware for STM32 Nucleo with X-NUCLEO-IDB04A1 expansion board
X-CUBE-BLE1 is a package that contains firmware with the STM32Cube framework
compatible with the STM32 Nucleo and the X-NUCLEO-IDB0401 boards. This package
contains some sample applications that are used to explain how to write Bluetooth low
energy applications. The same sample applications are referenced in further sections of this
document.
The firmware and related documentation is available on st.com at
http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/FM116/SC1075/PF260517.
2.3
Hardware and software setup
This section describes hardware and software setup procedure for writing BLE applications.
It also describes the system setup needed for the above.
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2.3.1
Hardware setup
AN4559
To develop a BLE application, the following hardware is needed:
1. One STM32 Nucleo development platform (suggested order code: NUCLEO- L053R8)
2. One BlueNRG expansion board (see Figure 1, order code: X-NUCLEO-IDB04A1)
3. One BlueNRG USB dongle (see Figure 4, order code: STEVAL-IDB003V1)
4. One USB type A to Mini-B USB cable to connect the Nucleo to the PC
The BlueNRG USB dongle is not mandatory but is useful for testing BLE applications
running on the Nucleo platform, as outlined in Section 6.
2.3.2
Software setup
This section lists the minimum requirements for the developer to set up the SDK, run the
sample testing scenario based on the GUI utility and customize applications.
Development tool-chains and compilers
IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM (EWARM) tool-chain V7.20
The IAR tool-chain has the following minimum requirements:
•
PC with Intel® or AMD® processor running one of the following Microsoft® operating
systems
– Windows XP SP3
– Windows Vista
– Windows7
GUI utility
The BlueNRG GUI utility has following minimum requirements:
•
PC with Intel or AMD processor running one of the following Microsoft operating
system:
– Windows XP SP3
– Windows Vista
– Windows 7
At least 128 MB of RAM
2 USB ports
40 MB of hard disk space
•
•
•
2.3.3
System setup guide
This section describes how to set up different hardware parts before writing and executing
an application on the STM32 Nucleo board with BlueNRG expansion board.
BlueNRG USB dongle setup
The BlueNRG USB dongle allows users to easily add BLE functionalities to a user PC by
simply plugging it into a PC USB port. The USB dongle can be used as a simple interface
between the BlueNRG device and a GUI application on the PC. The on-board STM32L
microcontroller can also be programmed, so the board can be used to develop applications
that need to use BlueNRG. The board can be powered through the USB connector, which
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