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2022-2023学年上海市宝山区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案.doc

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    2022-2023 学年上海市宝山区高三上学期期中英语试题及答 案 (本试卷满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟) I. Listening Comprehension 略 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. While the practice of mindfulness has become increasingly popular, its roots can be traced back thousands of years to Buddhism (佛教). One of the people often ____1____ (think) to bring mindfulness to the West is Jon Kabat-Zinn, who developed an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program and founded ____2____ is now the Center for Mindfulness at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1979. Kabat-Zinn mixed Buddhist ideas about mindfulness with science, making it more accessible to ____3____ in the West. Soon, mindfulness made its way into clinical settings and has been successful in treating health issues ____4____ anxiety and depression. A large quantity of studies ____5____ (focus) on the ability of mindfulness meditation over the past few years. For example, in a 2003 study of cancer patients, increased mindfulness was shown to effectively reduce stress and anxiety. Given the way ____6____ mindfulness can decrease stress, it comes as no surprise that it can also help deal with emotional problems. Another study indicates mindfulness may also improve working memory. Jha and colleagues investigated its impact on military participants during a stressful time, ____7____ stress has been shown to decrease working memory. One group attended an eight-week mindfulness meditation course but the others did not. Working memory 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    decreased in the control group; however, in the mindfulness group, working memory decreased in those who spent the least time on mindfulness meditation but increased in those who spent most of their free time ____8____ (practise) mindfulness meditation. Clearly, mindfulness has many benefits, but it’s not a cure-all. For example, one study found that following mindfulness meditation, participants were ____9____ (likely) to form accurate memories. It may even result in severe anxiety for those PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) patients who tend ____10____ (avoid) thoughts and feelings related to their sad past. 【答案】1. thought 2. what 3. those 4. like 5. has focused##has been focused 6. that 7. as##because 8. practising 9. less likely 10. to avoid 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正念的起源和它的功用。 【1 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Jon Kabat-Zinn 是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发 了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于 1979 年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中 心。提示词 think(认为)作后置定语修饰名词词组 One of the people，是非谓语动词，与 其逻辑主语 One of the people 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填 thought。 【2 题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：Jon Kabat-Zinn 是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发 了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于 1979 年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中 心。空格后是及物动词 found 后的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用连接代词 what 引导该宾 语从句，作主语。故填 what。 【3 题详解】 考查代词。句意：Kabat-Zinn 将佛教关于正念的思想与科学结合起来，使其更容易为西方 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    人所接受。根据句意，句中指代“西方人”，用复数代词 those。故填 those。 【4 题详解】 考查介词。句意：很快，正念进入了临床环境，并成功地治疗了焦虑和抑郁等健康问题。根 据句意，anxiety 和 depression 是对 health issues 的举例说明，可用介词 like 引出列举 对象，意为“例如，譬如”。故填 like。 【5 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，大量的研究集中在正念冥想的能 力。focus on(聚焦，集中)是句中谓语动词，结合时间状语 over the past few years 可知 应用现在完成时态，与主语之间可理解为主动关系“研究集中于……”，用主动语态，也可 理解为被动关系“研究被聚焦于……”，用被动语态，又因“a large quantity of+名词” 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，所以谓语动词用现在完成时主动或被动语态，单数形式。故 填 has focused/has been focused。 【6 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：考虑到正念可以减少压力，它也可以帮助处理情绪问题就不足为奇了。 分析句子可知，空格后是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 way(方式)；名词 way 表示“方式” 时，其后定语从句可用关系词 that 或者 in which 引导，也可省略引导词，结合语法填空特 征，本题用关系代词 that 引导。故填 that。 【7 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：Jha 和他的同事调查了压力对军事参与者的影响，因为压力已经被证 明会降低工作记忆。根据句意，上下文上之间存在因果关系，用从属连词 as 或者 because 引导原因状语从句。故填 as/because。 【8 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对照组的工作记忆下降；然而，在正念组中，花最少时间进行正念 冥想的人工作记忆下降，而花大部分空闲时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆增加。spend some time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填 practising。 【9 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，一项研究发现，在正念冥想之后，参与者不太可能形成准 确的记忆。结合上文“it’s not a cure-all”可知，句中讲正念冥想的不足之处，用比较 级 less likely 表示否定意思，意为“不太可能”。故填 less likely。 【10 题详解】 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    考查非谓语动词。句意：它甚至可能导致那些创伤后应激障碍患者严重焦虑，他们倾向于避 免与悲伤的过去有关的想法和感受。tend to do...为固定搭配，意为“倾向于……”，跟不 定式作宾语。故填 to avoid。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A.aboard B. alarmed C. eventually D. apparently E. houses F. launching G. leading H. missions I. rush J. speedy K. split The history of space exploration in China stretches back to 900 A.D., when innovators in the country pioneered the first simple rockets. The China National Space Administration (CNSA) sent the first Chinese astronaut into space in 2003. Today, China is a(n) ____11____ player in the worldwide space exploration effort. In the mid-20th century, China watched as the U.S. and Soviet Union began their ____12____ to become the first nation on the moon. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union demonstrated progress towards putting weapons into orbit, which naturally ____13____ China and other countries. In response to these concerns, China began to pursue space travel in the late 1950s. At first, China had a joint cooperation agreement with the Soviet Union and later China began to chart its own path to space, ____14____ its first rockets in September 1960. Starting in the late 1960s, China began working on space vehicle capable of carrying humans into space. However, the process was not a(n) ____15____ one. In 1988, China created the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. After a few years, the ministry was ____16____ up to establish the China National Space Administration and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The first Chinese astronaut to travel to space, Yang Liwei, was sent by the CNSA. In 2003, he rode to orbit ____17____ a Shenzhou 5 capsule on top of a Long March family rocket. The flight was short – just 21 hours long – but it granted China title of the third country to ever send a human into space and safely return them 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    to Earth. Today, China’s space program is aimed at ____18____ sending astronauts to the Moon and beyond. In addition to those types of launches, China has built two space stations: Tiangong 1 and Tiangong 2. Tiangong 1 has been de-orbited, but the second station, Tiangong 2, is still in use and currently ____19____ a variety of science experiments. A third Chinese space station is planned for launch in the early 2020s. If all goes as planned, the new space station will bring astronauts to orbit for long-term _____20_____ in research stations. 【答案】11. G 12. I 13. B 14. F 15. J 16. K 17. A 18. C 19. E 20. H 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了中国航空航天的历史以及取得的成就。 【11 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：今天，中国在全球太空探索努力中处于领先地位。空处填形容词作定语， leading“主要的，居前的”符合句意。故选 G 项。 【12 题详解】 考查名词。句意：在 20 世纪中期，中国目睹了美国和苏联开始争相成为第一个登上月球的 国家。began 后接名词作宾语，rush“冲，奔，争做”符合句意。故选 I 项。 【13 题详解】 考查时态。句意：美国和苏联都展示了在将武器送入轨道方面取得的进展，这自然让中国和 其他国家感到惊恐。定语从句缺少谓语，根据“demonstrated”可知，为一般过去时，alarm “使惊恐；使害怕”符合句意，故选 B 项。 【14 题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：起初，中国与苏联签署了联合合作协议，后来中国开始规划自己的太 空之路，并于 1960 年 9 月发射了第一枚火箭。分析句子可知，空处填非谓语动词。与 China 在逻辑上是主动关系。再根据“its first rockets”可知，launching“发射”符合句意。 故选 F 项。 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    【15 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，这一过程并不迅速。空处填形容词作表语，speedy“快速的”符 合句意。故选 J 项。 【16 题详解】 考查语态。句意：几年后，该部被拆分为中国国家航天局和中国航天科技集团公司。根据下 文“establish the China National Space Administration and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.”可知，该部被拆分为中国国家航天局和中国航天科技集团 公司。be split up “被分裂”符合句意。故选 K 项。 【17 题详解】 考查介词。句意：2003 年，他乘坐长征系列运载火箭上的神舟五号太空舱进入轨道。空处 缺少介词，aboard“上（船、飞机、火车等）”符合句意。故选 A 项。 【18 题详解】 考查副词。句意：如今，中国的太空计划旨在最终将宇航员送上月球及更远的地方。副词作 状语修饰动词，eventually“最终地”符合句意。故选 C 项。 【19 题详解】 考查动词。句意：天宫一号已经脱离轨道，但第二个空间站天宫二号仍在使用中，目前承载 着各种科学实验。空处缺少谓语且为一般现在时，house“安置，容纳”符合句意。故选 E 项。 【20 题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果一切按计划进行，新空间站将把宇航员送入轨道，在研究站执行长期 任务。for 后接名词，根据“in research stations”可知，在研究站执行长期任务,mission 可数名词，用复数形式。故选 H 项。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The market is ruled by supply and demand, and as a consumer you can have a huge impact on the ____21____ side of the equation (等式). If all of us make individual changes in what we buy and use, it can ____22____ up to a lot. 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    But reducing your own carbon emissions isn’t the most powerful thing you can do. You can also send a signal to the market that people are ____23____ to pay for zero-carbon alternatives. When you pay more for an electric car, a heat pump, or a plant-based burger, you’re saying, “There’s a market for this stuff. We’ll buy it.” If enough people send the same ____24____, companies will respond — in my experience, quite ____25____. They’ll put more money and time into making low-emissions products, which will ____26____ the prices of those products. It will make investors more confident about funding new companies that are making the ____27____. Without that demand signal, the innovations that governments and businesses invest in will stay on the ____28____. Or they won’t get developed in the first place, because there’s no ____29____ incentive (刺激) to make them. Here are some specific steps you can take: Reduce your home’s emissions. Depending on how much money and time you can spare, you can ____30____ your incandescent lightbulbs (白炽灯泡) with LEDs, insulate (使隔热) your windows, or replace your heating and cooling system with a heat ____31____. Buy an electric vehicle. Although EVs are not suitable for lots of long-distance road trips, and ____32____ at home isn’t convenient for everyone, they’re becoming more affordable. This is one of the places where consumer behavior can have a huge impact: If people buy lots of them, companies will make lots of them. ____33____ a plant-based burger. I’ll admit vegetarian burgers haven’t always tasted ____34____, but the new generation of plant-based protein alternatives is closer to the taste of meat than before. Buying these products sends a message that making them is a wise investment. ____35____, eating a meat substitute just once or twice a week will cut down on the emissions you’re responsible for. 21. A. market B. consumption C. supply 22. A. look B. take C. add 23. A. agreeable B. indifferent C. reluctant willing 24. A. data B. signal C. word D. demand D. live D. D. 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    request 25. A. quickly B. easily C. steadily D. neutrally 26. A. push up B. drive down C. check out D. settle down 27. A. breakthroughs B. conclusions C. calculations D. consequences 28. A. office B. field C. trade D. shelf 29. A. possible B. alternative C. economic efficient 30. A. purchase B. recycle C. abandon D. D. replace 31. A. bin B. pump C. oven D. cooler 32. A. transporting B. manufacturing C. maintaining charging 33. A. Improve B. Search C. Try Prohibit 34. A. great B. terrible C. strange D. D. D. original 35. A. In brief B. For example C. In addition D. By comparison 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。市场是由供需决定的，作为消费者，你可以对等式的需求端产生 巨大的影响。文章主要解释了消费者的需求是如何影响市场生产的，以及一些减少碳排放的 建议。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：市场是由供需决定的，作为消费者，你可以对等式的需求端产生 巨大的影响。A. market 市场；B. consumption 消费；C. supply 供应；D. demand 要求。 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
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