2017 年山东青岛大学英语基础综合考研真题 I. For each question, there are four choices of answers. Only one choice is correct. (30 points) 1. Which of the following consonants is a stop or plosive? A. [m] B. [d] C. [w] D. [f] 2. Metaphors like "He is made of iron" are extreme examples in which the maxim of ________ of Cooperative Principle is violated. A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner 3. Which of the following is a morpheme? A. com- in computer B. -ment in establishment C. -er in water D. -guist- in linguistics 4. Which of the following design features of language refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning? A. arbitrariness B. duality C. creativity D. displacement 5. What syntactic relation does the following structure show? (preceded by) NP (followed by) (preceded by) A pretty The tallest The African A. coordination B. substitutability C. co-occurrence D. subordination 6. The sense relation between dog and animal is ______. A. synonymy B. polysemy C. hyponymy D. Homonymy 7. Which of the following are NOT related to Noam Chomsky’s linguistic theory? smiles sings cries (followed by) NP girl boy man 

A. Deep Structure B. competence and performance C. Transformational Component D. Interpersonal function 8. Poetry is defined by _______as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”. A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake C. Percy Shelley D. Robert Southey 9. Charlotte Brontë’s work _______is famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly governesses. A. Jane Eyre B. Villette C. The Professor D. Shirley 10. Thomas Hardy’s pessimistic view of life predominated most of his later works and earns him a reputation as a _____ writer. A. realistic B. naturalistic C. romantic D. stylistic 11. D. H. Lawrence’s autobiographical novel is ________. A. The Rainbow B. Women in Love C. Sons and Lovers D. Lady Chatterley’s Lover 12. By writing Moby-Dick, ______reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity. A. Edgar Ellen Poe B. Herman Melville C. William Faulkner D. Theodore Dreiser 13. As a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, ______marks the climax of Mark Twain’ s literary activity. A. Roughing It B. Life on the Mississippi C. The Gilded Age D. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 14. It was his masterpiece The Great Gatsby that made ____one of the greatest American novelists. A. F. Scott Fitzgerald B. William Faulkner C. Ernest Hemingway 

D. Gertrude Steinbeck 15. William Faulkner creates his own mythical kingdom that mirrors not only the decline of the _____ society but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society. A. southern B. northern C. western D. eastern II. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (20 points) 1. Ferdinand de Saussure’s synchronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history. 2. Grice’s cooperative principle has four maxims, which are quantity, quality, relation and manner, respectively. 3. Pronouns like we are lexical words rather than grammatical words. 4. An exocentric construction has a constituent serving as a center or head, as in will be leaving. 5. “ Male” and “female” are complementary antonyms. 6. The rhyming scheme of a Shakespearean sonnet is ababcdcdefefgg. 7. The American literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often acclaimed to be F. Scott Fitzgerald. 8. Elizabeth Browning’s principal achievement lies in her introducing to English poetry a new form, the dramatic monologue. 9. W. B. Yeats’ leading principle is “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”. 10. Ernest Hemingway is regarded as a representative writer of the lost generation. Ⅲ. Answer the following questions. (30 points) 1. Of phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, which do you think is more helpful in your daily English learning than the others? Explain your reasons. 2. The Great Gatsby is about the story of one man’s futile pursuit finding happiness through wealth, and the disappointment that necessarily follows. Why, in your opinion, is Gatsby so great or not so great? IV. Translate the following paragraphs into English. (20 points) 浪漫 一个小伙子暗恋一个女孩。女孩是他的同事，他们在一个办公室工作。 小伙子性格内向， 不善言辞，他不知道如何向女孩子表达他的爱慕之意。 写情书罢，小伙子是学理工的，一 直搞技术工作，满脑子的图形，就是没有一 句有文采的话。小城又没有鲜花店，电影电视 上常见的送花那一套也无从说起。 至于直截了当地告诉女孩子说：“我爱你”，小伙子就 更没有那个胆量了。 这样的恋情应该说是没有什么希望的了。事实上一年后他们却结了婚。 有 人向小伙子讨教，他说：“我每天上班第一件事就是帮她擦桌子，然后为她泡 上一杯她 喜欢喝的绿茶。她的胃不好，我经常备些胃药放在她的桌上。一开始 她不知道是我做的这 些事情，时间长了就知道了。就这么简单。” 忍不住叫人想到“浪漫”一词。写情书是一 

种浪漫，送 99 朵玫瑰是一种浪 漫。我不知道，擦桌子泡茶送药是否也是一种浪漫。浪漫 是没有定式的，或许 那些实实在在的呵护和关爱才是真正的浪漫，它是生命之火所点燃的 最绚丽的 花朵。 V. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (20 points) A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedom. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. VI. Composition. (30 points) Write a 500-word essay about the following topic: Online Learning Is My Choice