2017年山东青岛大学基础英语考研真题.doc

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2017 年山东青岛大学基础英语考研真题 PART I SENTENCE COMPLETION (20 points) Choose the word or the set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 1. House repairs , holidays, school fees and other _______ have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing. A. amount B. payment C. expenses D. figures 2. The additional work will take _____ weeks. A. the other B. another two C. other two D. the more 3. The boys in the dorm _____ a coin to decide who would clean the floor. A. held B. tossed C. put D. collected 4. The patterns of spoken language are _____ from those of writing. A.distinct B. distinctive C. Distinguished D. distinguishing 5. The product contains no ______ colors, flavors, or preservatives. A. fake B. artificial C. false D. wrong 6. The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the _______. A. consequence B. outcome C. result D. aftermath 7. It is said that Da Vinci is a versatile man who was good at many things. The underlined word means： A. changeable B. competent C. adaptable

D. omnipotent 8. Forecasting methods and techniques are equally _____ to all sectors of the economy. A. appreciable B. applicable C. attributive D. Attractable 9.When Columbus embarked _____ his historical voyage, he never imagined that the world history would enter into a new era. A. upon B. In C. at D. to 10.Years of civil war have wrecked the country’s infrastructure and destroyed its social ____. A. tissue B. organ C. fabric D. construction 11. Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the ______ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight. A. contemporary B. makeshift C. spontaneous D. temporary 12. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily _______ behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking, the use of sexual stereotypes. A. penalizes B. advocates C. ignores D. advertises 13. Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients _______ with doctors’ orders. A. comply B. correspond C. interfere D. interact 14. It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. A. but B. nor C. as D. like

15. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more ____________ to scholars. A. objective B. accessible C. appealing D. implicit 16. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infant mortality rates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem. A. eliminated B. aggravated C. minimized D. distorted 17. The police managed to _________ the angry crowd. A. provoke B. stimulate C. subdue D. relax 18. Monica says she's looking forward to expanding her public and private client base through her with Noctor. A. companion B. company C. friend D. alliance 19. One of the largest companies in the world will be a new product in Zambia tomorrow A. issuing B. showing C. demonstrating D. launching 20. As a heritage trail, the park includes a network of major cultural , principal monuments, historic sites and open spaces. A. landmarks B. houses C. cabins D. places PART II PROOF READING AND ERROR CORRECTION (10 Points) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. The richness of our language is considered by many to be the distinctive achievement in human evolution. Language provides us for the means to communicate ideas, emotions and (1) ____ knowledge and express our cultural identity. In Europe different languages are a fact of life. The European Union considers the diversity of tongues as an inalienable component of our cultural heritage; but (2) ____ the principle of language equality is present in Europe’s founding treaties. Preserving linguistic diversity has been at heart of its olicy(3)____ from the very beginning. However, linguistic diversity demands a sustain and substantial investment. For example, the European (4) ____ institution spend considerable portions of their operational budgets on translation and interpretation services. For European industry and business language diversity is a challenge or an asset , as the (5)____ Commission has recently pointed out in its first Communication ever on a new strategic framework for multilingualism. What is sure that (6)____ early investment in multilingual communication technologies can provide rapid access to new and emerging markets anywhere in the world--the factor that is vital for the long-run success of Europe. The (7)____ ability to access and use informati0n across the languages is vital for (8)____ technologies can play an important role for enabling easy (9)_____ communication between people, administrations and businesses. The European Union, in collaboration with the Member States, have sponsored over the last 20 years several R &D actions which (10)____ have contributed to building expertise resources and a pan-European language infrastructure. PART III READING COMPREHENSION (40 Points) Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet. Passage1 It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying “ In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J.B Watson reduced thinking to inhibited speech located in the minute movements or tensions of the physiological mechanism involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought. Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved, Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language.

However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say. At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal (下意识的）activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling , striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading. Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of object presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language. 1. According to the theory of “thought” devised by J.B Watson, thinking is ____. A. talking to the soul B. suppressed speech C. speaking non-verbally D. a non-linguistic behavior 2. What does the author think about the relationship between language and hinking ? A. The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking. B. Words and thinking match more often than not. C. Thinking never goes without language. D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable. 3.According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we ____. A. merely report internal speech B. have to search for proper words in the way we read C. are overwhelmed with vague imagery D. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words 4. Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language? A. They use different concepts B. They do not think linguistically. C. It still remains an unsolved mystery D. Thinking is independent of language.

5. This passage is an excerpt from ______. A. a scholarly book B. a text book. C. a book report C.an encyclopedia Passage 2 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedes, and trade stocks, and they are less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposium and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 6. What is the passage about ? A. Needs of the readers all over the world. B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry. D. Aims of a journalism credibility project. 7. The result of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ___________. A. quite trustworthy

B. somewhat contradictory C. very illuminating D. Rather superficial 8. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _____ A. working attitude B. conventional lifestyle C. world outlook D. Educational background 9. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its____________. A. failure to realize its real problem B. tendency to hire annoying reporters C. likeliness to do inaccurate reporting D. prejudice in matters of race and gender 10. According to the text, which kind of journalists world be mot beneficial to the development of newspapers nowadays? A. Those from different races and gender. B. Those with high reportorial skills. C. Those deep rooted in the public. D. Those with diverse world-views. Passage 3 Read the following passage and answer the four questions. This passage is adapted from Ethan Frome, a novel published in 1911 bythe American Pulitzer-prize winning author Edith Wharton. Mattie Silver isEthan’s household employee. Mattie Silver had lived under Ethan’s roof for a year, and from early morning till they met at supper he had frequent chances of seeing her; but no moments in her company were comparable to those when, her arm in his, and her light step flying to keep time with his long stride, they walked back through the night to the farm. He had taken to the girl from the first day, when he had driven over to the Flats to meet her, and she had smiled and waved to him from the train, crying out, “You must be Ethan!” as she jumped down with her bundles, while he reflected, looking over her slight person:“She don’t look much on housework, but she ain’t a fretter, anyhow.” But it was not only that the coming to his house of a bit of hopeful young life was like the lighting of a fire on a cold hearth. The girl was more than the bright serviceable creature he had thought her. She had an eye to see and an ear to hear: he could show her things and tell her things, and taste the bliss of feeling that all he imparted left long reverberations and echoes he could wake at will. It was during their night walks back to the farm that he felt most intensely the sweetness of this communion. He had always been more sensitive than the people about him to the appeal of natural beauty. His unfinished studies had given form to this sensibility and even in his unhappiest moments field and sky spoke to him with a deep and powerful persuasion. But hitherto the emotion had remained in him as a silent ache, veiling with sadness the beauty that evoked it. He did not even know whether

any one else in the world felt as he did, or whether he was the sole victim of this mournful privilege. Then he learned that one other spirit had trembled with the same touch of wonder: that at his side, living under his roof and eating his bread, was a creature to whom he could say: “That’s Orion down yonder; the big fellow to the right is Aldebaran, and the bunch of little ones—like bees swarming—they’re the Pleiades...” or whom he could hold entranced before a ledge of granite thrusting up through the fern while he unrolled the huge panorama of the ice age, and the long dim stretches of succeeding time. The fact that admiration for his learning mingled with Mattie’s wonder at what he taught was not the least part of his pleasure. And there were other sensations, less definable but more exquisite, which drew them together with a shock of silent joy: the cold red of sunset behind winter hills, the flight of cloud-flocks over slopes of golden stubble, or the intensely blue shadows of hemlocks on sunlit snow. When she said to him once: “It looks just as if it was painted!” it seemed to Ethan that the art of definition could go no farther, and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul.... As he stood in the darkness outside the church these memories came back with the poignancy of vanished things. Watching Mattie whirl down the floor from hand to hand he wondered how he could ever have thought that his dull talk interested her. To him, who was never gay but in her presence, her gaiety seemed plain proof of indifference. The face she lifted to her dancers was the same which, when she saw him, always looked like a window that has caught the sunset. He even noticed two or three gestures which, in his fatuity, he hadthought she kept for him: a way of throwing her head back when she was amused, as if to taste her laugh before she let it out, and a trick of sinking her lids slowly when anything charmed or moved her. 1. Describe how the main focus of the narrative shifts over the course of the passage. 2. Analyze the characters of Ethan and Mattie using the evidence from the passage. 3. Why does the author include the descriptions of the sunset, the clouds, and the hemlock shadows in the passage? 4. Based on the passage, how do you think Ethan and Mattie’s relationship will evolve and why ? PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (40 Points) To the untutored ear, the Beijing dialect can sound like someone talking with a mouthful of marbles, inspiring numerous parodies and viral videos. Its colorful vocabulary and distinctive pronunciation have inspired traditional performance arts such as cross-talk, a form of comic dialogue, and “kuaibanr,” storytelling accompanied by bamboo clappers. But the Beijing dialect is disappearing, a victim of language standardization in schools and offices, urban redevelopment and migration. In 2013, officials and academics in the Chinese capital began a project to record the dialect’s remaining speakers before it fades away completely. The material is to be

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