2005 年山东青岛科技大学英语综合考研真题 A 卷 Part I LINGUISTICS (60 points) Section I Define the following terms (20 points) Give the definition of each term in no less than 50 words. 1. illocutionary act 2. morpheme 3. transfer 4. sociolinguistics Section II Essay questions (40 points) Answer each of the following questions in no less than 100 words. 1.Explain Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 2.How do you understand the different levels of arbitrariness in language? 3.Explain the metafunctions of language defined in the functional grammar. 4.What is the difference between etic and emic investigations? Part II TRANSLATION (60 points) Section I Translate the following passage into Chinese (20 points) Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. The best way to overcome it —— so at least it seems to me —— is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river —— small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. ------From “How to Grow Old” by Bertrand Russell Section II Translate the following passage into English (20 points) 红海早过了，船在印度洋面上开驶着，但是太阳依然不饶人地迟落早起，侵 占去大部分的夜。夜仿佛纸浸了油，变成半透明体；它给太阳拥抱住了，分不出 身来，也许是给太阳陶醉了，所以夕照晚霞隐褪后的夜色也带着酡红。到红消酒 醒，船舱里的睡人也一身腻汗地醒来，洗了澡赶到甲板上吹海风，又是一天开始。 ------选自钱钟书《围 城》 Section III Translate the following passage into English (20 points) 

《大学》之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善。古之欲明明德于天下者， 先治其国；欲治其国者，先齐其家；欲齐其家者，先修其身；欲修其身者，先正 其心；欲正其心者，先诚其意；欲诚其意者，先致其知；致知在格物。物格而后 知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后 国治，国治而后天下平。 ------选自《大 学》 Part III WRITING (30 points) In an essay of at least 300 words, present your own perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views. “People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be.”