2008 年山东青岛科技大学综合考试考研真题 PART I LINGUISTICS (60 points) Section I Define the following terms (20 points) Give the definition of each term in no less than 50 words. 1. langue 2. competence 3. creativity 4. applied linguistics Section II Essay questions (40 points) Answer each of the following questions in no less than 100 words. 1. What is semantics? 2. What are schemata and what are the major features of schemata? 

3. What is innateness hypothesis? 4. What is speech act theory? PART II TRANSLATION (60 points) Section I Translate the following passage into Chinese (20 points) Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the searching for knowledge, and the unbearable pity for the suffering of the mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of the despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness---that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what --- at last --- I have found. a few hours of this joy. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can not, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. ------“What I have lived for” by Bertrand Russell 

Section II Translate the following passage into English (20 points) 白杨不是平凡的树。它在西北极普遍，不被人重视，就跟北方农民相似；它有极强的生 命力，磨折不了，压迫不倒，也跟北方的农民相似。我赞美白杨树，就因为它不但象征了北 方的农民，尤其象征了今天我们民族解放斗争中所不可缺的朴质，坚强，以及力求上进的精 神。 让那些看不起民众，贱视民众，顽固的倒退的人们去赞美那贵族化的楠木（那也是直干 秀颀的），去鄙视这极常见，极易生长的白杨罢，但是我要高声赞美白杨树！ ------节选自茅盾《白 杨礼赞》 Section III Translate the following passage into English (20 points) 国子先生晨入太学，召诸生立馆下，诲之曰：“业精于勤，荒于嬉。行成于思，毁于随。 方今圣贤相逢，治具毕张。拔去凶邪，登崇俊良。占小善者率以录，名一艺者无不庸。爬罗 剔抉，刮垢磨光。盖有幸而获选，孰云多而不扬？诸生业患不能精，无患有司之不明。行患 不能成，无患有司之不公。” ------节选自韩愈《进学解》 PART III WRITING (30 points) In an essay of at least 300 words, present your own perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views. “Education should be given top priority over other areas of the national development,especiallythedevelopmentofeconomy,fortheadvancesofanation.”