2018年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题A卷.doc

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2018 年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题 A 卷一、Vocabulary, Grammar and General Knowledge Directions: Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence.（每小题 2 分，共 30 小题，共 60 分） 1. cup ______ . The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver A. turbulently He said that they had ______ been obliged to give up the scheme for lack of B. tremendously C. triumphantly D. tentatively 2. support. B. regrettably C. forcibly D. graciously A. gravely The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated. A. extravagantly Their claims to damages have not been convincingly ______. A. refuted D. intimidated Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories.Everything will be all C. exceptionally B. empirically B. overwhelmed D. explicitly C. depressed 3. 4. 5. right. A. hesitate B. linger In today’s medical, little agreement exists on the ______for defining mental C. retain D. dwell 6. illness. A. legislation B. requirement C. criteria D. measures 7. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of________. B. insanity C. inspiration A. impulse The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane. A. laymen There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to B. servants C. directors D. disposition D. attendants 8. 9. see. A. prestige B. superiority C. priority D. publicity 10. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time. A. feast recreation B. congratulations C. festival D. 11. Lucy ____ going back to school since she saved enough money, but she hasn’ t decided yet. A. considered C. is going to consider B. had considered D. has been considering 12. I am surprised ____ the exam is pretty difficult. A. with what you were thinking C. that you would think B. that you should think D. by what you are thinking 13. It is imperative that you ____ you resignation before Friday. A. handed in B. would hand in

C. hand in D. have to hand in 14. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT? A. The car runs twice faster than that truck. B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. C. Rebecca has three times the strength of Lily. D. The coat is sold at double the usual price. 15. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals. A. that B. which C. when D. what 16. In doing experiments, you must be ____ the precision instruments. A. more than careful with C. careful more than with B. more careful than with D. with more careful than 17. Little ____ what was upsetting me. B. he realizes A. may he realize C. he may realize D. did he realize 18. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Being given B. Given C. To give D. Giving 19. Many an elderly man ____ willing to continue working after retirement so that time can be easily killed. A. is B. are C. were D. be 20. It’s no good ____ her. She is such a miser that she won’t spare a penny out. turned B. turning to A. to turn to to C. turn to D. 21. ______ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transportation. A. Phonetics typology B. Phonology C. Phoneme D. Phonetic 22. Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies? A. Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, King Lear B. Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, Macbeth C. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth D. Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens 23. William Wordsworth is generally known as a ____ poet. A. romantic B. realistic C. naturalistic D. neo-classic 24. Charles Dickens wrote all of the following except ___. A. Oliver Twist C. A Tale of Two Cities D. Heart of Darkness B. David Copperfield 25. British prime minister normally serves a ______ term. A. two-year B. five-year C. four-year D. six-year 26. __________________________ is sometimes called the birthplace of America. A. New England B. the South C. the West D. the Midwest 27. Semantics is the study of ______________________. A. linguistic competenceB. language functions C. meanings D. social

behavior 28. Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics? A. syntax B. semantics C. phonology D. etiology 29. TG grammar was advanced by_______________________________. A. Searle B. Whorf C. Halliday D. Noam Chomsky 30. The morpheme “scope” in the common word “telescope” is a(n) ___. A. bound morpheme C. inflectional morpheme B. bound form D. free morpheme 二、Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D] .You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.（每小题 1.5 分，共 20 小题，共 30 分） Our society seems to be gripped with an idea that the media plays a substantial role in the attitudes, behavior and fitness of youth today. If a child beats another child to death with a wrench or shoots a classmate, it is the 1 TV programs which they watch that are to 2 , not the parents or the supervisors who are 3 to be there to make sure their kids do the right thing. As cliché as it may 4 , it has been rightly said all things have their good as well as bad 5 . In the similar 6 media also has its good as well as bad influence on youth. Well these were the negative influence of media on youth. Now we focus on the 7 aspects of media. Media plays a very important role in creating 8 . There are certain issues which remain it. Media helps in 9 among youngsters as they feel guarded concerning providing information regarding such topics. There are many such topics that are 10 by the media. The current one that can be talked about is the quota system in colleges. Media created awareness that how 11 was being done with 12 candidates due to reservations in colleges. There was 13 taken out by

students in order to object 14 this bias discrimination. Media being one of the important means to 15 to the masses and influence their thinking and decision making, only to the positive media cannot attract 16 of the masses, and to 17 viewership, negative media has to be 18 to balance out and attract the masses, but a 19 has to be drawn between the positive and the negative media in the 20 of the younger generation. 1. [A] vast [D] violent 2. [A] function [D] impair 3. [A] obliged [D] doomed [B] bewildering [C] overwhelming [B] blame [C] condemn [B] supposed [C] tempted 4. [A] allege [B] claim [C] sound [D] prove 5. [A] effects [B] aspects [C] indicators [D] attributes 6. [A] method [D] conduct [B] token [C] tendency 7. [A] alternative [B] tentative [C] primitive [D] affirmative 8. [A] awareness [B] illusion [C] expectation [D] sentiment 9. [A] untouched [B] unimaginable [C] unexplained [D] unavailable 10. [A] ignored [D] discarded [B] considered [C] highlighted 11. [A] prejudice [B] inconsistency [C] injustice [D] distrust 12. [A] potential [B] deserving [C] ambitious [D] eloquent 13. [A] procession [B] collision [C] indignation [D] friction 14. [A] versus [B] despite [C] beyond

[D] regarding 15. [A] level out [B] get out [C] reach out [D] make out 16. [A] attention [B] alert [ C ] concern [D] intention 17. [A] magnify [B] expect [C] expand [D] gain 18. [A] mobilized [B] assigned [C] merged [D] incorporated 19. [A] comparison [B] distinction [C] line [D] barrier 20. [A] benefit [B] interest [C] profit [D] advantage 三、Reading Comprehension （每小题 2 分，共 20 小题，共 40 分） PASSAGE ONE If you found yourself in a cocktail bar with a Neanderthal man, what would he say? A good conversation is one of the great joys of being human, but it is not clear just how far back in the hominid lineage the ability to use language stretches. The question of when grunts and yelps turned into words and phrases is a tricky one. One way of trying to answer it is to look in the fossil record for evidence about what modern humanity's closest relatives could do. Svante Pääbo, of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, and his colleagues have done just that. Dr Pääbo is an expert in extracting and interpreting the DNA of fossils. As he reports in the latest issue of Current Biology, he and his team have worked their magic on a gene called FOXP2 found in Neanderthal remains from northern Spain. The reason for picking this particular gene is that it is the only one known so far to have a direct connection with speech. In 1990, a family with an inherited speech disorder known as verbal dyspraxia drew the attention of genetics researchers. Those researchers identified a mutation in FOXP2 as the cause of the dyspraxia. Since then FOXP2 has been the subject of intensive study. It has been linked to the production of birdsong and the ultrasonic musings of mice. It is a conservative type, not changing much from species to species. But it has undergone two changes since humans split from chimpanzees 6m years ago, and some researchers believe these changes played a crucial role in the development of speech and language. If these changes are common to modern humans and Neanderthals, they must predate the separation of the line leading to Homo sapiens from the one leading to Homo neanderthalensis. Dr Pääbo's research suggests precisely that: the FOXP2 genes from modern humans and Neanderthals are essentially the same. To the extent that the gene enables language, it enables it in both species.

There has been much speculation about Neanderthals' ability to speak. They were endowed with a hyoid bone, which anchors the tongue and allows a wide variety of movements of the larynx. Neanderthal skulls also show evidence of a large hypoglossal canal. This is the route taken by the nerves that supply the tongue. As such, it is a requisite for the exquisitely complex movements of speech. Moreover, the inner-ear structure of Homo heidelbergensis, an ancestor of Neanderthals, shows that this species was highly sensitive to the frequencies of sound that are associated with speech. That Neanderthals also shared with moderns the single known genetic component of speech is another clue that they possessed the necessary apparatus for having a good natter. But suggestive as that is, the question remains open. FOXP2 is almost certainly not “the language gene”. Without doubt, it is involved in the control and regulation of the motions of speech, but whether it plays a role in the cognitive processes that must precede talking remains unclear—jokes about engaging brain before putting mouth in gear notwithstanding. The idea that the forebears of modern humans could talk would scupper the notion that language was the force that created modern human culture—otherwise, why would they not have built civilizations? But it would make that chat with a Neanderthal much more interesting. 1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Neanderthal men? [A] they are derived from a branch of early Neanderthals called Homo heidelbergensis. [B] they are existent descendant of Homo neanderthalensis. [C] they are Homo sapiens’s closest relatives. [D] they are officially named Homo neanderthalensis in the academic circle. 2. Svante Pääbo and his team carried out a study on FOXP2 in order to_____ [A] trace the appearance and evolution of the speech ability. [B] find out how far back in the hominid lineage the ability to use language stretches. [C] find evidence proving the gene which controls the motion of speech. [D] identify the crucial changes that had taken place on this gene and the consequent influence. 3. The gene of FOXP2 is regarded as a gene with a direct connection with speech because_____ [A] it was found in Neanderthal remains from northern Spain. [B] it was found that sudden change of FOXP2 may lead to speech disorder. [C] it was linked to the production of birdsong and the ultrasonic musings of mice. [D] it does not change much from species to species. 4.The word “scupper” (Line 7, Paragraph 6) most probably means _____ [A] deny. [B] defeat. [C] demolish. [D] destory. 5. From the findings of Dr Pääbo's research it may be inferred that_____ [A] FOXP2 is the gene that enables the speech ability in both humans and Neanderthals. [B] the fork separating the line leading to Homo sapiens from that to Homo

neanderthalensis is wrong. [C] more important genes should be identified which control speech ability and cognitive process. [D] the establishment of human civilization as a result of language ability might be false. PASSAGE TWO Berkeley seems like a fitting place to find the godfather of the open-innovation movement basking in glory. The Californian village was, after all, at the very heart of the anti-establishment movement of the 1960s and has spawned plenty of radical thinkers. One of them, Henry Chesbrough, a business professor at the University of California at Berkeley, observes with a smile that “this is the 40th anniversary of the Summer of Love.” Mr Chesbrough's two books “Open Innovation” and “Open Business Models” have popularised the notion of looking for bright ideas outside of an organisation. As the concept of open innovation has become ever more fashionable, the corporate R&D lab has become decreasingly relevant. Most ideas don't come from there. To see why travel to Cincinnati, Ohio—which is about as far removed culturally from Berkeley as one can get in America. The conservative mid-western city is home to P&G, historically one of the most traditional firms in America. For decades, the company that brought the world Ivory soap, Crest toothpaste and Ariel detergent had a closed innovation process, centred around its own secretive R&D operations. No longer. P&G has radically altered the way it comes up with new ideas and products. It now welcomes and works with universities, suppliers and outside inventors. It also offers them a share in the rewards. In less than a decade, P&G has increased the proportion of new-product ideas originating from outside of the firm from less than a fifth to around half. That has boosted innovation and, says its boss, Mr Lafley, is the main reason why P&G has been able to grow at 6% a year between 2001 and 2006, tripling annual profits to $8.6 billion. The company now has a market capitalization of over $200 billion. IBM is another iconic firm that has jumped on the open-innovation bandwagon. The once-secretive company has done a sharp U-turn and embraced Linux, an open-source software language. IBM now gushes about being part of the “ open-innovation community”, yielding hundreds of software patents to the“creative commons” rather than registering them for itself. However, it also continues to take out patents at a record pace in other areas, such as advanced materials, and in the process racks up some $1 billion a year in licensing fees. Since an army of programmers around the world work on developing Linux essentially at no cost, IBM now has an extremely cheap and robust operating system. It makes money by providing its clients with services that support the use of Linux —and charging them for it. Using open-source software saves IBM a whopping $400m

a year, according to Paul Horn, until recently the firm's head of research. The company is so committed to openness that it now carries out occasional “online jam sessions” during which tens of thousands of its employees exchange ideas in a mass form of brainstorming. Mr Chesbrough, of course, heartily approves. He gives dozens of other examples of firms doing similar things, ranging from Clorax, a household products firm to Air Products, an industrial gases company. Mr Chesbrough reckons that “IBM and P&G have timed their shift to a high-volume open-business model very well” and that if their competitors do not do the same they will be in trouble. 6. “Summer of Love” is probably _____ [A] a religious activity celebrating the open-innovation movement. [B] the anti-establishment movement. [C] a movement advocating the innovation. [D] an activity calling for open innovation. 7. According to the passage, the annual profits of P&G in 2001 was about_____ [A] $ 2.87 billion. [B] $ 1.075 billion. [C] $ 2.15 billion. [D] $ 4.3 billion. 8. IBM now gushes about being part of the “open-innovation community” in that_____ [A] it embraced an open-source software language that is widely supported by the “creative commons”. [B] it endows people inside and outside the company with the access to the software patents it owns. [C] it encourages an extensive public involvement in the development of new software for the company. [D] it indeed whops its cost and gains considerable profit from using Linux. 9. IBM could provide its clients with cheap operating system because_____ [A] its programmers around the world develop Linux essentially at no cost. [B] it makes money by providing its client with toll services supporting the operating system instead. [C] it could save a lot of money by using open-source software. [D] it has shifted its R&D outside, which save a lot of money. 10. According to the last paragraph, if their competitors do not do the same they will be in trouble because_____ [A] their competitors will would lose their market share gradually which would be taken by R&D. [B] they fail to adopt the new model of open business which would pave the way to constant business success. [C] they do not recognize the best time to shift their backward business model. [D] they will be sifted out by the market as a result of their conservativeness.

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