Essential Software Test Design（软件测试设计精华）.pdf

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ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE TEST DESIGN 1

2 ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE TEST DESIGN

ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE TEST DESIGN 3

Copyright © Fearless Consulting Kb A Production with Unique Publishing Ltd English translation by Philip Medding, Estilo Translations Cover Art & design Alexandra Neméth, Grundform Illustrations Alexandra Németh, Grundform Production Manager Cecilia Henricson Typographer Elisabet Jensen Printed Mediaprint Uddevalla AB, Sverige 2007 ISBN 13: 978-91-85699-03-9 ISBN 10: 91-85699-03-9 4 ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE TEST DESIGN

Dedication: For Karin, Elin and Alice ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE TEST DESIGN 5

6 ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE TEST DESIGN

CONTENT FOREWORD: BY JAMES BACH .............................................................. FOREWORD: BY STUART REID.............................................................. PREFACE BY AUTHOR ........................................................................... 1 PREFACE..................................................................................... 1.1 Whom the Book is Intended For.............................................. 1.2 The Structure of the Book........................................................ 1.3 What is not in This Book .......................................................... The Author ................................................................................ 1.4 1.5 Acknowledgements .................................................................. PART I 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 INTRODUCTION......................................................................... Insufﬁ cient Requirements ........................................................ Inﬁ nite Number of Possible Test Cases .................................... Less Time.................................................................................... Other Tips .................................................................................. WHAT IS TESTING?.................................................................... 3 Controllability – How Do We Ask the Questions? .................. 3.1 Test Design – What Questions Do We Ask?............................. 3.2 Observability – How Do We See the Answers? ....................... 3.3 3.4 Oracle – How Do We Know if The Answers are Correct?....... 3.4.1 Heuristics ................................................................................... 3.4.2 High Volume Automated Testing ............................................ 3.5 Example: Loan Application ...................................................... DEVELOPMENT MODELS .......................................................... 4 4.1 The Waterfall Model................................................................. 4.1.1 The Effect on Testing ................................................................ 4.2 The V-model .............................................................................. 4.2.1 The Effect on Testing ................................................................ 4.3 The W-model............................................................................. 4.3.1 The Effect on Testing ................................................................ Uniﬁ ed Process.......................................................................... 4.4 ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE TEST DESIGN 15 17 19 21 22 22 23 23 23 27 27 28 29 30 33 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 39 39 41 41 43 43 44 45 7

4.4.1 Phases in the Process ................................................................ 4.4.2 The Effect on Testing ................................................................ 4.5 Agile .......................................................................................... 4.5.1 The Effect on Testing ................................................................ APPROACHES ............................................................................ 5 Test Levels.................................................................................. 5.1 5.1.1 Unit Testing ............................................................................... 5.1.2 Unit Integration Testing ........................................................... 5.1.3 System testing ........................................................................... 5.1.4 System Integration Testing....................................................... 5.1.5 Acceptance Testing ................................................................... 5.1.6 Test Levels in Production .......................................................... 5.2 Which Tests Do We Run? .......................................................... 5.3 Scripted Testing......................................................................... The Context-Driven School....................................................... 5.4 5.5 Striking the Golden Balance .................................................... EXPLORATORY TESTING EXPLAINED ....................................... 6 Exploratory Testing Deﬁ ned..................................................... 6.1 Other Terms for Exploratory Testing ....................................... 6.2 Think of it as an Approach, Not a Technique.......................... 6.3 Exploratory vs. Scripted Testing ............................................... 6.4 6.5 How to Identify Exploratory Testing........................................ 6.6 Why Talk About ET?.................................................................. 6.7 Exploratory Testing From the Outside..................................... Exploratory Testing on the Inside: A Skilled Activity .............. 6.8 6.9 Exploratory Testing is a Profoundly Situational Practice........ 6.10 Managing Exploratory Testing................................................. 6.11 Where ET Fits ............................................................................ ET in Action ............................................................................... 6.12 6.13 The Productivity of ET ............................................................. 6.14 Acknowledgements .................................................................. 7 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES: AN OVERVIEW ............................ 7.1 Static and Dynamic Techniques................................................ 7.2 Static Techniques....................................................................... 7.2.1 Inspection .................................................................................. 7.2.2 Walkthrough ............................................................................. 45 45 46 47 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 51 52 53 54 55 57 57 59 60 60 61 62 62 64 69 70 72 73 74 75 77 77 77 78 78 8 ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE TEST DESIGN

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