2007 年福建省莆田市中考数学真题及答案
(满分:150 分;考试时间:120 分钟)
一、细心填一填(本大题共 12 小题,每小题 3 分,共 36 分.直接把答案填在题中的横线
上)
1.6 的相反数是
2.甲、乙两人进行跳远比赛,在相同条件下各跳 10 次,
成绩统计结果如右表,那么成绩较为稳定的是
.
(填“甲”或“乙”)
平均成绩 方差
5.68m
5.68m
0.3
0.4
.
甲
乙
1
y
3.函数
1
4.如图,在 ABC△
x
中的自变量 x 的取值范围是
.
中,D E, 分别是 AB AC, 的中点,若
DE
3cm
,则 BC
cm.
A
D
E
O
B
C
(第 4 题图)
A
B
P
(第 7 题图)
5.我市东圳水库的总库容量约为 435 000 000m3,用科学记数法表示为
6.已知圆锥的底面半径是 3cm,母线长是 5cm,则圆锥的侧面积为
留 π )
m3.
cm2.(结果保
7.如图, PA PB, 是 O 的切线, A B, 为切点,连结 OA OB AB
则 OAB
8.点 (2 2)
A , 关于原点O 对称的点 A 的坐标为(
度.
).
,
, , ,若
P
60
,
9.不等式组
x
1
2
,
1 3
x
的解集是
.
10.将一长方形的纸片按如图方式折叠, BC BD, 为折痕,则 CBD
度.
A
E
C
A
F
D
B
F
E
1
1
1
2 3 3 4
1 2
1
1
2 3 3 4
1
8 9
1
2
(第 10 题图)
1
1 1
3
1 2
1
9 10
11.观察
1
1 2
1
1
4
3
4
依照上述方法计算
1
3
1
4
.
12.如图,点 A 为反比例函数
y
的面积为
.
1
x
的图象上一点,B 点在 x 轴上且OA BA ,则 AOB△
y
A
O
x
B
(第 12 题图)
二、精心选一选(本大题共 4 小题,每小题 4 分,共 16 分.每小题给出的四个选项中有且
只有一个是正确的,请把正确选项的代号写在题后的括号内,答对的得 4 分;答错、不答
或答案超过一个的一律得 0 分)
13.下列运算正确的是(
)
A. 2
a
3
a
5
a
B. 3
a
2
a
a
C. 3
a a
2
6
a
D. 3
a
2
a
a
14.如图所示支架(一种小零件,支架的两个台阶的高度和宽度都是同一长度)的主视图
是(
)
A.
B.
C.
D.
正面
(第 14 题图)
15.均匀地向一个容器注水,最后把容器注满.在注水过程中,水面高度 h 随时间t 的变化
规律如图所示(图中OAB 为一折线),这个容器的形状是图中(
)
h
O
B
A
t
A.
B.
(第 15 题图)
中,
BAC
3
16.如图,在 Rt ABC△
沿直线 BC 向右平移 2.5 个单位
AC ,将 ABC△
,连结 AD AE, ,则下列结论中不成立...
得到 DEF△
)
的是(
4
90
,
AB ,
A. AD BE ∥
B. ABE
DEF
C.
D.
A
D
B
E
C
(第 16 题图)
F
C. ED AC
三、耐心做一做(本大题共 10 题,共 98 分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演
算步骤)
D. ADE△
为等边三角形
17.(9 分)计算:
2 2
1
| 2 1|
.
0
(1 π)
18.(9 分)先化简后求值:
2
x
x
2
4
x
2
,其中
x
2 2
.
19.(9 分)已知关于 x 的方程
x
1
a
解集.
1
的解是 3
x ,求关于 y 的不等式 (
a
3)
y
的
6
20.(9 分)已知:如图,有一飞行中的热气球,在 A 处时的热气球的探测器显示,从热气
球看正前方一栋高楼顶部的仰角为 45°,看这栋高楼底部的俯角为 60°,热气球离地面的
高度为 150 米,为了安全,避免热气球撞上高楼,请问热气球此时..至少应再上升多少米?
B
(注: 3
1.732≈
,结果精确到 1 米)
?
45°
D
60°
A
150 米
C
(第 20 题图)
21.(9 分)今有一机器人接到指令:在 4 4 的正方形(每个小正方形边长均为 1)网格的
格点..上跳跃,每次跳跃的距离只能为 1 或 2 或 2 或 5 ,机器人从 A 点出发连续跳跃 4
次恰好跳回 A 点,且跳跃的路线( A
)所成的封闭图形为多边形.例
如图①机器人跳跃四次的路线图形是四边形 ABCD .仿照图①操作:
(1)请你在网格图②中画出机器人跳跃的路线图形是直角梯形 ABCD(只画一个图即可);
(2)请在网格图③中画出机器人跳跃的路线图形是面积为 2 的平行四边形 ABCD (只画
一个图即可).
D
A
B
C
C
D
B
A
图①
A
图②
(第 21 题图)
A
图③
22.(9 分)已知:如图,弦 AB 和CD 相交于 O 内一点 P( P 与O 不重合),连结 AC BD, ,
过 A 作 AE CP 于 E ,过 D 作 DF
(1)请找出图中二对相似三角形:
(2)请你从(1)中选择一对相似三角形加以证明.
PB 于 F .
∽
,
∽
;
A
PO
C
E
F
D
B
(第 22 题图)
23.(9 分)如图,经过某十字路口的汽车,它可能选择道路 A ,可能选择道路 B ,也可能
选择道路C ,且三种可能性大小相同,现有甲、乙二辆汽车同向同时到达同一路口.
(1)请用列表法或树形图,分析二辆车选择道路行驶的所有可能的结果;
(2)求二辆车经过该十字路口时,选择道路相同的概率及选择道路不相同的概率.
A
B
C
甲
乙
(第 23 题图)
24.(9 分)某种日记本的专卖柜台,每天柜台的租金,人员工资等固定费用为 160 元,该
日记本每本进价是 4 元,规定销售单价不得高于 8 元/本,也不得低于 4 元/本,调查发现
日均销售量 y (本)与销售单价 x (元)的函数图象如图线段 AB .
(1)求日均销售量 y (本)与销售单价 x (元)的函数关系式;
(2)当销售单价为多少元时,日均获利最多,获得最多是多少元?
240
80
O
y(日均销售量/本)
A
B
4
8
x
(销售单价/元)
(第 24 题图)
25.(12 分)在正方形 ABCD 中,点 E 是 AD 上一动点, MN AB 分别交 AB CD, 于
M N, ,连结 BE 交 MN 于点O ,过O 作OP BE 分别交 AB CD, 于 P Q, .
探究:(1)如图①,当点 E 在边 AD 上时,请你动手测量三条线段 AE MP NQ
, , 的长度,
猜测 AE 与 MP NQ
之间的数量关系,并证明你所猜测的结论;
探究:(2)如图②,若点 E 在 DA 的延长线上时, AE MP NQ
, , 之间的数量关系又是怎
样?请直接写出结论;
再探究:(3)如图③,连结并延长 BN 交 AD 的延长线 DG 于 H ,若点 E 分别在线段 DH
和射线..HG 上时,请在图③中完成符合题意的图形,并判断 AE MP NQ
, , 之间的数量关
D
N
Q
C
E
A
P
MO
B
Q
D
N
C
A
M
B
D
H
G
N
C
图②
图③
(第 25 题图)
mx n
(其中 m n, 为常数且 m n )与 y 轴正
E
O
图①
21
x
3
2
3
系又分别..怎样?请直接写出结论.
A
P
M
B
26.(14 分)如图,抛物线
y
.
的直角
, , 的坐标(用含 m n, 的式子表示);
半轴交于 A 点,它的对称轴交 x 轴正半轴于C 点,抛物线的顶点为 P , Rt ABC△
顶点 B 在对称轴上,当它绕点C 按顺时针方向旋转90 得到 Rt A B C
△
(1)写出点 A P A
(2)若直线 BB 交 y 轴于 E 点,求证:线段 B E 与 AA 互相平分;
(3)若点 A 在抛物线上且 Rt ABC△
线的对称轴上是否存在点 D ,使 AA D△
件的 D 点坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.
顶点坐标是
ac b
4
a
的面积为 1 时,请求出抛物线的解析式并判断在抛物
为等腰三角形?若存在,请直接..写出所有符合条
[注:抛物线
b
2
a
y
2
ax
bx
4
,
2
c
]
y
E
A
A
P
B
x
O
C
B
(第 26 题图)
参考答案及评分标准
说明:
(一)考生的解法与“参考答案”不同时,可参照“答案的评分标准”的精神进行评分.
(二)如解答的某一步计算出现错误,这一错误没有改变后续部分的考查目的,可酌情给
分,但原则上不超过后面应得的分数的二分之一;如属严重的概念性错误,就不给分.
(三)以下解答各行右端所注分数表示正确做完该步骤应得的累计分数.
(四)评分的最小单位是 1 分,得分或扣分都不能出现小数.
一、细心填一填(本大题共 12 小题,每小题 3 分,共 36 分)
1. 6
2.甲
3. 1x
4.6
5.
4.35 10
8
6.15π
7.30
8.( 2
,
2)
9.
1
2
x
2
10.90
11.
9
10
12.1
二、精心选一选(本大题共 4 小题,每小题 4 分,共 16 分)
13.D
三、耐心做一做(本大题共 10 题,共 98 分)
14.C
15.C
16.D
17.解:原式
12
2
2 1 1
······································································· 6 分
1
2 1 1
······························································································· 7 分
1
2
······································································································· 9 分
18.解:原式
2 4
x
2
x
····················································································· 2 分
(
x
2)
(
2)(
x
x
2)
······························································································4 分
2x .······································································································ 6 分
当
x
2 2
时,原式 2 2 2
····································································8 分
2 .·········································································································9 分
19.解:根据题意可得,
两边同乘以 (
a 得: 3
1)
1
3
1a
1a
······································································ 2 分
a ········································································································· 4 分
········································································ 6 分
2
3)
y
即 (2 3)
y
6
6
a
(
y ········································································································7 分
6
不等式的解集为 6
y .················································································ 9 分
20.解:如图,在 BDA△
中,
BAD
45
,
ADB
90
,
ABD
45
, BD AD
···········································································2 分
在 Rt ADC△
中,
ADC
90
,
DAC
60
,
ACD
30
,
CD
150
,
AD CD
tan 30
···································································· 5 分
150
3
3
···································································································· 7 分
87
50 1.732
87
BD ≈ .
≈ ·························································································· 8 分
≈
即
答:热气球此时至少应再上升 87 米.··································································9 分
21.
(1)
(2)
(画正确得 5 分)
D
D
A
C
B
(画正确得 4 分,若画的是
特殊平行四边形也可以)
C
B
A
△
△
∽△
DPB
22.如图:
(1) APC
···················································································································· 4 分
(2)求证: APC
证明:如图,在 APC△
.
和 DPB△
(写出二对即可)
, AEC
, APE
DFB
DPB
DPF
∽△
∽△
∽△
中,
△
△
是 AD 所对的圆周角, B 也是 AD 所对的圆周角
C
C
·································································································· 6 分
APC
.·······················································································8 分
APC
△
.····················································································· 9 分
23.解:(1)列表法:(列表正确得 5 分)
B
∽△
DPB
DPB
甲
乙
A
B
C
A
AA
AB
AC
或树形图.(正确得 5 分)
甲
乙
A
B
A
C
(AA)(AB)(AC)
C
CA
CB
CC
B
BA
BB
BC
B
C
A
B
C
(BA)(BB)(BC)
A
B
C
(CA)(CB)(CC)
二辆车选择道路行驶的所有可能的结果共有 9 种且每种结果出现的可能性相等.
(2)选择道路相同的结果有 3 种,即 AA BB CC
P (道路相同)
·················································································· 7 分
, , ,所以
选择道路不同的结果有 6 种,即 BA CA AB CB AC BC
P (道路相同)
, , , , , ,所以
·················································································· 9 分
3
9
6
9
1
3
2
3
24.解:(1)由题意设日均销售量 y 与销售单价 x 的函数关系式为 y
kx b
············· 1 分
则得:
4
k b
8
k b
,
······················································································ 2 分
240
80.
解得
,
······························································································· 4 分
40
400.
k
b
40
x
y
400
( 4
x≤ ≤ )( x 取值范围没有写不扣分)································ 5 分
8
(2)设日均获利为 A 元,则
A
400)(
( 40
4) 160
x
x
·········································································· 7 分
2
7)
200
40(
x
当 7
x 时, A 最大值为 200.······································································· 8 分
答:当销售单价为 7 元时,日均获利最多为 200 元.·············································· 9 分
25.(1)如图①结论: AE MP NQ
.···························································· 2 分
证明:过Q 作QQ AB
于Q ,则
MQ Q
90
, MN AB
,
AMN
90
.
四边形 ABCD 为正方形,
BAD
ADC
90
,
四边形 AMND 为正方形, MN AD AB
,
Q MN
QNM
90
.
四边形 MNQQ 为矩形. QQ MN AB
, NQ Q M
.······························ 3 分
在 BAE△
和 QQ P△
中,
PQ BE
,
Q QP
Q PQ
90
.
ABE
Q PQ
90
,
Q QP
ABE
·························································································4 分
PQ Q
BAE
90
,QQ AB
, BAE
△
≌△
QQ P
.·····························5 分
Q P AE
, Q P MP Q M MP NQ
,
AE MP NQ
.······················································································· 6 分
(2)如图②,若点 E 在 DA 的延长线上时,结论 AE QN MP
.·························8 分
(3)如图,若点 1E 在线段 DH 上时,结论: 1
AE MP NQ
1
1
····························· 10 分
若点 2E 在射线 HG 上时,结论: 2
AE MP NQ
2
2
.··········································12 分
P2
P1