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pathfinder疏散软件教程.pdf
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Disclaimer
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Figures
Introduction
Graphical User Interface
Model Representation
Simulation Modes
Limitations and Known Issues
Simulator Name
Contact Us
Pathfinder Basics
Navigation View
3D and 2D Views
Navigating the 3D view
Navigating the 2D view
Resetting the view
Drawing in the 3D and 2D views
View Options
Render Options
Agent Display
Coloring Rooms
Room Transparency
Model Organization with Groups
Creating new groups
Changing groups
Creating Movement Space
Floors
Creating floors
Changing the active floor
Showing all floors
Editing floors
Rooms
Adding new rooms
Adding thin walls to rooms
Splitting rooms
Separating and merging rooms
Obstructions/Holes
Arbitrarily-Shaped Obstructions (Desks, Tables, etc.)
Walls
Doors
Thin Doors
Thick doors
Stairs
Stairs between edges
Stairs extending from one edge
Importing Files
Importing images
Importing DXF files
Importing PyroSim and FDS files
Working with Imported Data
Working with Images
Working with 3D DXF, PyroSim, and FDS files
Working with 2D DXFs
Filling in missing pieces
Creating Occupants
Profiles
Adding Occupants
Individual placement
Group Placement
Placement in rooms
Editing and Copying Objects
Transforming and Copying Objects
Translating
Rotating
Mirroring
Manipulating Objects with Handles
Selecting and deselecting a handle
Editing a handle
Room handles
Thin door handles
Thick door handles
Stair handles
Agent handles
Simulating
Parameters
Starting and Managing a Simulation
Stopping and Resuming a Simulation
Stuck Occupants
Results
Summary Report
Door Flow Rates
Room History File
3D Results
Navigating through a model
Displaying geometry input
Displaying occupants
Selecting Occupants
Viewing multi-floor problems
Animation playback
Refreshing Results
Viewing occupant paths
Controlling drawing detail/speed
Creating Movies
High Quality Movies
Real-time Movies
403 Poyntz Avenue, Suite B
Manhattan, KS 66502
USA
+1.785.770.8511
www.thunderheadeng.com
User Manual
Pathfinder 2009
Disclaimer
Thunderhead Engineering makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of
Pathfinder, and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of Pathfinder assume sole
responsibility under Federal law for determining the appropriateness of its use in any
particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for any
actions taken or not taken as a result of analyses performed using these tools.
Users are warned that Pathfinder is intended for use only by those competent in the
field of egress modeling. Pathfinder is intended only to supplement the informed
judgment of the qualified user. The software package is a computer model that may or
may not have predictive capability when applied to a specific set of factual
circumstances. Lack of accurate predictions by the model could lead to erroneous
conclusions. All results should be evaluated by an informed user.
ii
Acknowledgements
This work was made possible by a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant by the United
States National Science Foundation.
We would like to thank Rolf Jensen and Associates for their assistance with testing and other
suggestions that helped guide the development of the simulator.
We would also like to thank the beta testers whose feedback helped us improve the software
and incorporate more useful features.
iii
Table of Contents
Disclaimer ......................................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ iv
Figures ............................................................................................................................................ vii
1.0
Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1
Graphical User Interface .............................................................................................................. 1
Model Representation ................................................................................................................. 3
Simulation Modes ........................................................................................................................ 4
Limitations and Known Issues ..................................................................................................... 4
Simulator Name ........................................................................................................................... 4
Contact Us ................................................................................................................................... 4
Pathfinder Basics ................................................................................................................. 6
2.0
Navigation View ........................................................................................................................... 6
3D and 2D Views .......................................................................................................................... 7
Navigating the 3D view ............................................................................................................ 7
Navigating the 2D view ............................................................................................................ 8
Resetting the view ................................................................................................................... 8
Drawing in the 3D and 2D views ............................................................................................. 8
View Options ............................................................................................................................... 9
Render Options ........................................................................................................................ 9
Agent Display ......................................................................................................................... 10
Coloring Rooms ..................................................................................................................... 10
Room Transparency ............................................................................................................... 10
Model Organization with Groups .............................................................................................. 10
Creating new groups ............................................................................................................. 10
Changing groups .................................................................................................................... 11
3.0
Creating Movement Space ................................................................................................ 12
Floors ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Creating floors ....................................................................................................................... 12
Changing the active floor....................................................................................................... 13
Showing all floors .................................................................................................................. 13
iv
Editing floors .......................................................................................................................... 13
Rooms ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Adding new rooms................................................................................................................. 14
Adding thin walls to rooms .................................................................................................... 15
Splitting rooms ...................................................................................................................... 15
Separating and merging rooms ............................................................................................. 16
Obstructions/Holes.................................................................................................................... 17
Arbitrarily-Shaped Obstructions (Desks, Tables, etc.) ........................................................... 17
Walls ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Doors ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Thin Doors ............................................................................................................................. 19
Thick doors ............................................................................................................................ 20
Stairs .......................................................................................................................................... 21
Stairs between edges ............................................................................................................ 22
Stairs extending from one edge ............................................................................................ 23
Exits ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Importing Files ........................................................................................................................... 25
Importing images ................................................................................................................... 25
Importing DXF files ................................................................................................................ 26
Importing PyroSim and FDS files ........................................................................................... 27
Working with Imported Data .................................................................................................... 28
Working with Images ............................................................................................................. 28
Working with 3D DXF, PyroSim, and FDS files ....................................................................... 28
Working with 2D DXFs ........................................................................................................... 29
Filling in missing pieces ......................................................................................................... 30
4.0
Creating Occupants ........................................................................................................... 32
Profiles ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Adding Occupants...................................................................................................................... 34
Individual placement ............................................................................................................. 34
Group Placement ................................................................................................................... 35
Placement in rooms ............................................................................................................... 36
5.0
Editing and Copying Objects .............................................................................................. 37
v
Transforming and Copying Objects ........................................................................................... 37
Translating ............................................................................................................................. 37
Rotating ................................................................................................................................. 38
Mirroring ............................................................................................................................... 40
Manipulating Objects with Handles .......................................................................................... 41
Selecting and deselecting a handle ....................................................................................... 41
Editing a handle ..................................................................................................................... 42
Room handles ........................................................................................................................ 42
Thin door handles .................................................................................................................. 42
Thick door handles ................................................................................................................ 43
Stair handles .......................................................................................................................... 43
Agent handles ........................................................................................................................ 43
6.0
Simulating .......................................................................................................................... 44
Parameters ................................................................................................................................ 44
Starting and Managing a Simulation ......................................................................................... 46
Stopping and Resuming a Simulation ........................................................................................ 47
Stuck Occupants ........................................................................................................................ 48
Results ............................................................................................................................... 49
7.0
Summary Report ........................................................................................................................ 49
Door Flow Rates ........................................................................................................................ 50
Room History File ...................................................................................................................... 50
3D Results .................................................................................................................................. 51
Navigating through a model .................................................................................................. 51
Displaying geometry input .................................................................................................... 52
Displaying occupants ............................................................................................................. 52
Selecting Occupants .............................................................................................................. 52
Viewing multi-floor problems ................................................................................................ 52
Animation playback ............................................................................................................... 54
Refreshing Results ................................................................................................................. 54
Viewing occupant paths ........................................................................................................ 55
Controlling drawing detail/speed .......................................................................................... 55
Creating Movies ..................................................................................................................... 55
vi
Figures
Figure 1: An example of the graphical user interface ................................................................................... 1
Figure 2: An example of the 3D Results ........................................................................................................ 2
Figure 3: An example time history graph ...................................................................................................... 3
Figure 4: 3D and 2D views ............................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 5: Render options ............................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 6: Predefined groups ........................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 7: Adding a new floor ....................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 8: Floor property panel .................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 9: Drawing a room with the polygon tool ........................................................................................ 14
Figure 10: Drawing a room with the rectangle tool .................................................................................... 14
Figure 11: Adding a thin wall to a room ...................................................................................................... 15
Figure 12: Dividing a room .......................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 13: Special case for drawing a thin wall ........................................................................................... 16
Figure 14: Merging rooms ........................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 15: Separating a room ...................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 16: Creating an obstruction ............................................................................................................. 18
Figure 17: Subtracting walls ........................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 18: Door tool property panel ........................................................................................................... 19
Figure 19: Adding a thin door to connect two touching rooms .................................................................. 20
Figure 20: Adding a thick door in the empty space between two rooms ................................................... 21
Figure 21: Stair geometry requirements ..................................................................................................... 22
Figure 22: Property panel for the two-point stair tool ............................................................................... 22
Figure 23: Drawing stairs with the two-point stair tool .............................................................................. 23
Figure 24: Property panel for the one-point stair tool ............................................................................... 23
Figure 25: Drawing stairs using the one-point stair tool ............................................................................ 24
Figure 26: An exit door ................................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 27: Importing a background image .................................................................................................. 26
Figure 28: Dxf unit dialog box ..................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 29: Drawing rooms over a background image ................................................................................. 28
Figure 30: Property panel for the floor extraction tool .............................................................................. 29
Figure 31: A room extracted from a PyroSim file ....................................................................................... 29
Figure 32: Room extraction results from a 2D DXF ..................................................................................... 30
Figure 33: Using the door tool to fill a doorway ......................................................................................... 31
Figure 34: The Edit Profiles dialog .............................................................................................................. 32
Figure 35: An example of the 3D model dialog........................................................................................... 33
Figure 36: Selecting an occupant profile when adding a rectangular group of occupants ........................ 34
Figure 37: Using a custom occupant profile ............................................................................................... 34
Figure 38: Adding occupants individually ................................................................................................... 35
Figure 39: Distributing occupants in a rectangular region .......................................................................... 35
vii
Figure 40: Distributing occupants through entire rooms ........................................................................... 36
Figure 41: Property panel for the translate tool ......................................................................................... 37
Figure 42: Graphically translating an object ............................................................................................... 38
Figure 43: Creating an array of objects by using the translate tool............................................................ 38
Figure 44: Property panel for the rotate tool ............................................................................................. 39
Figure 45: Rotating an object ...................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 46: Creating an array of objects using the rotate tool ..................................................................... 40
Figure 47: Property panel for the mirror tool ............................................................................................. 40
Figure 48: Mirroring an object .................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 49: Manipulator handles .................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 50: Handle property panel ............................................................................................................... 42
Figure 51: Door handles .............................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 52: Stair handles............................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 53: Agent handles ............................................................................................................................ 43
Figure 54: The Behavior tab of the Simulation Parameters Dialog ............................................................ 44
Figure 55: The Run Simulation dialog showing a partially complete simulation. ....................................... 47
Figure 56: Listing for an example summary report file. .............................................................................. 49
Figure 57: A time history plot for door flow rates ...................................................................................... 50
Figure 58: 3D Results for the multi-floor-stairwell example problem ........................................................ 51
Figure 59: Floor location dialog for 3D results ............................................................................................ 53
Figure 60: Multi-floor layout options in 3D results (FDS model courtesy of Andreas Niggemeyer) .......... 54
Figure 61: Movie option dialogs ................................................................................................................. 57
viii
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