1997 年上海华东师范大学普通生态学考研真题 一 名词解释 生态寿命 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 生态位 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 适应 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 物种多样性 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 群落演替 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 食物链 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 指数增长 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 共生 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 系统生态 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ r-&k-理论 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 二.问答题（5 选 4） 1. 生态系统物质循环有哪三中类型?请举例说明 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 

2. 概说近代生态学流行的种群调节理论。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3.试述生态系统初级生产力的主要测定方法及原理 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4.生态位相同的两物种竞争，会产生哪几种可能的结果?请用数学模式或图形加以说明。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 5.从能流特点，试述自然生态系统和人工生态系统的特点和区别。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________