LGR-Series Publications of the Delft Geodetic Computing Centre No. 12
The LAMBDA method for integer ambiguity estimation:
implementation aspects
Paul de Jonge and Christian Tiberius
August 1996
Delft University of Technology
The LAMBDA method for integer ambiguity
estimation: implementation aspects
Paul de Jonge and Christian Tiberius
August 1996
Delft Geodetic Computing Centre
Delft University of Technology
Faculty of Geodetic Engineering
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2629 JA Delft
The Netherlands
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Contents
iii
Preface
v
Abstract
Introduction
Parameterestimation
::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.Observationequations
.Estimationcriterion::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.Floatsolution:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Integerambiguityestimation:::::::::::::::::::::::
.
.Fixedsolution:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Integerambiguityestimation:transformation
Introduction::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.
.ThedecorrelatingorZ-transformation,introduction::::::::::
.Thedecompositionofthevariance-covariancematrix:::::::::
.Modifyingthedecomposition:::::::::::::::::::::::
.TheintegerGausstransformation::::::::::::::::::::
.Thereorderingoftheconditionalvariances:::::::::::::::
.Puttingitalltogether
::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.ExampleZ-transformation::::::::::::::::::::::::
. Concludingremarks::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Integerambiguityestimation:search
.
Introduction::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.Sequentialconditionalleast-squaresestimation:::::::::::::
.Computationofthebounds
:::::::::::::::::::::::
.Computationofthenorm::::::::::::::::::::::::
.Thesearchalgorithm:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.Collectingandstoringthecandidates::::::::::::::::::
.Alternatingsearcharoundtheconditionalestimate::::::::::
.Shrinkingtheellipsoidalregion:::::::::::::::::::::
. Thevolumeoftheellipsoidalregion:::::::::::::::::::
. Setting,I::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.Setting,II
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.Exampleambiguitysearch::::::::::::::::::::::::
i
ii
Contents
.Thebacktransformation:::::::::::::::::::::::::
.Concludingremarks::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Flowdiagramoftheparameterestimation
Concludingremarks
AInversionofatriangularmatrix
References
LAMBDAbibliography
Preface
ThedevelopmentoftheLAMBDAmethodforambiguityresolutionstartedwithits
introductionattheIAGGeneralMeetinginBeijingin [].Theimplementa-
tionhasbeenrealizedbyP.J.deJongeandC.C.J.M.Tiberiusundersupervisionof
professorP.J.G.Teunissen.
Theunderlyingreportprovidesalowleveldescriptionofthemethodinitscurrent
implementation.Mrs.D.Moruj~aooftheUniversityofCoimbra,Portugal,andMr.
D.CharrierofSERCEL,France,areacknowledgedforpointingouterrorsinthedraft
andsuggestingseveralimprovements.Thesecondauthorreceivednancialsupport
oftheCornelisLelyfoundationofRijkswaterstaat.
iii