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LGR-Series Publications of the Delft Geodetic Computing Centre No. 12 The LAMBDA method for integer ambiguity estimation: implementation aspects Paul de Jonge and Christian Tiberius August 1996 Delft University of Technology
The LAMBDA method for integer ambiguity estimation: implementation aspects Paul de Jonge and Christian Tiberius August 1996 Delft Geodetic Computing Centre Delft University of Technology Faculty of Geodetic Engineering Thijsseweg 11 2629 JA Delft The Netherlands Office: Telephone: Telefax: Telex: E-mail: (31) 15-2783546 (31) 15-2783711 butud 38151 lgr@geo.tudelft.nl
This report was ftp’d from ftp://ftp.geo.tudelft.nl/pub/dejonge/papers/ lgr12.ps: lgr12.zip: lgr12.ps.Z: Postscript version idem, zipped idem, Unix compressed ISSN: Press: 93-0928-2122 Universiteitsdrukkerij TU Delft
Contents iii Preface v Abstract  Introduction  Parameterestimation ::::::::::::::::::::::::::  .Observationequations .Estimationcriterion::::::::::::::::::::::::::::   .Floatsolution::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Integerambiguityestimation:::::::::::::::::::::::  . .Fixedsolution:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::   Integerambiguityestimation:transformation Introduction::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::  . .ThedecorrelatingorZ-transformation,introduction::::::::::   .Thedecompositionofthevariance-covariancematrix::::::::: .Modifyingthedecomposition:::::::::::::::::::::::  .TheintegerGausstransformation::::::::::::::::::::   .Thereorderingoftheconditionalvariances::::::::::::::: .Puttingitalltogether  :::::::::::::::::::::::::: .ExampleZ-transformation::::::::::::::::::::::::  . Concludingremarks::::::::::::::::::::::::::::   Integerambiguityestimation:search .  Introduction::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::  .Sequentialconditionalleast-squaresestimation::::::::::::: .Computationofthebounds  ::::::::::::::::::::::: .Computationofthenorm::::::::::::::::::::::::  .Thesearchalgorithm:::::::::::::::::::::::::::   .Collectingandstoringthecandidates:::::::::::::::::: .Alternatingsearcharoundtheconditionalestimate::::::::::  .Shrinkingtheellipsoidalregion:::::::::::::::::::::   . Thevolumeoftheellipsoidalregion::::::::::::::::::: .Setting,I::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::  .Setting,II :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::  .Exampleambiguitysearch::::::::::::::::::::::::  i
ii Contents .Thebacktransformation:::::::::::::::::::::::::  .Concludingremarks::::::::::::::::::::::::::::  Flowdiagramoftheparameterestimation  Concludingremarks   AInversionofatriangularmatrix References   LAMBDAbibliography
Preface ThedevelopmentoftheLAMBDAmethodforambiguityresolutionstartedwithits introductionattheIAGGeneralMeetinginBeijingin [].Theimplementa- tionhasbeenrealizedbyP.J.deJongeandC.C.J.M.Tiberiusundersupervisionof professorP.J.G.Teunissen. Theunderlyingreportprovidesalowleveldescriptionofthemethodinitscurrent implementation.Mrs.D.Moruj~aooftheUniversityofCoimbra,Portugal,andMr. D.CharrierofSERCEL,France,areacknowledgedforpointingouterrorsinthedraft andsuggestingseveralimprovements.Thesecondauthorreceivednancialsupport oftheCornelisLelyfoundationofRijkswaterstaat. iii
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