2003 年上海华东师范大学自然辩证法与科学史考研真题 一、名词解释（每题 5 分，共 60 分） 1、自然辩证法 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 2、哥白尼 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 3、生命的物质承担者 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 4、大爆炸宇宙论 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 5、自然科学方法论 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 6、科学共同体 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 7、科学实验 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 8、反馈控制方法应 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 9、《人类环境宣言》 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 10、科学 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 11、维纳 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 12、《自然哲学之数学原理》 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 二、简答题（每题 15 分，共 30 分） 1、简述达尔文的生物进化论及其伟大进步意义。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 2、简述科学假说的一般特征，并举例说明之。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 三、问答题（每题 30 分，共 60 分） 1、请你从人与自然协调发展的角度谈谈中国实施可持续发展战略的必要性和紧迫性。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 2、请你结合"三个代表"的思想精神谈谈对科学技术社会功能的认识。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________