2005年上海华东师范大学环境科学概论考研真题.doc-资料库

2005 年上海华东师范大学环境科学概论考研真题一、名词解释（每题 6 分，共 30 分）请写出下列常用术语的确切含义∶ 1. 环境容量 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.食物链 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.光化学烟雾 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4.持久性有机污染物 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 5.战略环境影响评价

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 二、简述题（每题 20 分，共 80 分） 1.1992 年联合国"环境与发展"大会在何地举行?会议通过和签署了哪五个重要文件?提出了哪个非常重要的观念?这一观念对全球环境保护有何重要意义? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.何谓生态系统?一个完整的生态系统包括哪些基本要素?请结合湿地生态系统，简要说明生态系统的结构和能量流动规律。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.目前常见的大气污染化学问题主要有哪些?大气污染有何特点?大气污染对人体健康的危害途径和表现方式有哪些? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4.天然水体中重金属的迁移转化过程主要有哪些?与耗氧性有机污染相比，水体重金属污染有何特点与危害?

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 三、综述题（40 分）湖泊富营养化是目前全球性的主要环境问题之一，在我国这一问题尤为突出。请结合具体实例（如太湖、滇池、巢湖等，任选其中之一），简要阐述湖泊富营养化的可能成因机制、限制性因素、主要危害及其预防和治理措施。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________

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2005年上海华东师范大学环境科学概论考研真题.doc

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