第1页 / 共652页
第2页 / 共652页
第3页 / 共652页
第4页 / 共652页
第5页 / 共652页
第6页 / 共652页
第7页 / 共652页
第8页 / 共652页
Sybex CCNA Study Guide.pdf
CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide
Frontmatter
Acknowledgments
Contents at a Glance
Table of Contents
Introduction
Assessment Test
Answers to Assessment Test
Chapter 1: Internetworking
Internetworking Basics
Internetworking Models
The Layered Approach
Advantages of Reference Models
The OSI Reference Model
The Application Layer
The Presentation Layer
The Session Layer
The Transport Layer
The Network Layer
The Data Link Layer
The Physical Layer
Ethernet Networking
Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet
Ethernet at the Data Link Layer
Ethernet at the Physical Layer
Ethernet Cabling
Straight-Through Cable
Crossover Cable
Rolled Cable
Wireless Networking
Data Encapsulation
The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model
The Core Layer
The Distribution Layer
The Access Layer
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Written Lab 1
Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions
Written Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers and Devices
Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 1
Answers to Written Lab 1.1
Answer to Written Lab 1.2
Answers to Written Lab 1.3
Chapter 2: Internet Protocols
TCP/IP and the DoD Model
The Process/Application Layer Protocols
The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols
The Internet Layer Protocols
Binary to Decimal and Hexadecimal Conversion
IP Addressing
IP Terminology
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme
Private IP Addresses
Broadcast Addresses
Introduction to Network Address Translation ( NAT)
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Written Lab 2
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 2
Chapter 3: IP Subnetting and Variable Length Subnet Masks ( VLSM)
Subnetting Basics
How to Create Subnets
Subnet Masks
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Subnetting Class C Addresses
The Binary Method: Subnetting a Class C Address
The Fast Way: Subnetting a Class C Address
Subnetting Class B Addresses
Subnetting Class A Addresses
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs)
VLSM Design
Implementing VLSM Networks
Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Determining IP Address Problems
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Written Lab 3
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 3
Chapter 4: Introduction to the Cisco IOS
The Cisco Router User Interface
Cisco Router IOS
Connecting to a Cisco Router
Bringing Up a Router
Setup Mode
Command-Line Interface
Logging into the Router
Overview of Router Modes
CLI Prompts
Editing and Help Features
Gathering Basic Routing Information
Setting Passwords
Encrypting Your Passwords
Banners
Router Interfaces
Hostnames
Descriptions
Viewing and Saving Configurations
Verifying Your Configuration
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 4
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 4.1: Logging into a Router
Hands-on Lab 4.2: Using the Help and Editing Features
Hands-on Lab 4.3: Saving a Router Configuration
Hands-on Lab 4.4: Setting Your Passwords
Hands-on Lab 4.5: Setting the Hostname, Descriptions, IP Address, and Clock Rate
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab
Chapter 5: IP Routing
Routing Basics
The IP Routing Process
IP Routing in a Larger Network
Configuring IP Routing in Our Network
Static Routing
Default Routing
Dynamic Routing
Routing Protocol Basics
Administrative Distances
Routing Protocols
Distance-Vector Routing Protocols
Routing Loops
Maximum Hop Count
Split Horizon
Route Poisoning
Holddowns
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
RIP Timers
Configuring RIP Routing
Verifying the RIP Routing Tables
Holding Down RIP Propagations
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
IGRP Timers
Configuring IGRP Routing
Verifying the IGRP Routing Tables
Verifying Your Configurations
The show protocols Command
The show ip protocols Command
The debug ip rip Command
The debug ip igrp Command
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 5
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 5.1: Creating Static Routes
Hands-on Lab 5.2: Dynamic Routing with RIP
Hands-on Lab 5.3: Dynamic Routing with IGRP
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 5
Chapter 6: Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
EIGRP Features and Operation
Protocol-Dependent Modules
Neighbor Discovery
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Using EIGRP to Support Large Networks
Multiple AS
VLSM Support and Summarization
Route Discovery and Maintenance
Configuring EIGRP
Lab_A
Lab_B
Lab_C
Verifying EIGRP
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics
OSPF Terminology
SPF Tree Calculation
Configuring OSPF
Enabling OSPF
Configuring OSPF Areas
Verifying OSPF Configuration
The show ip ospf Command
The show ip ospf database Command
The show ip ospf interface Command
The show ip ospf neighbor Command
The show ip protocols Command
OSPF and Loopback Interfaces
Configuring Loopback Interfaces
Verifying Loopbacks and RIDs
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 6
Hands-On Labs
Lab 6.1: Configuring and Verifying EIGRP
Lab 6.2: Enabling the OSPF Process
Lab 6.3: Configuring OSPF Neighbors
Lab 6.4: Verifying OSPF Operation
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 6
Chapter 7: Layer 2 Switching
Before Layer 2 Switching
Switching Services
Limitations of Layer 2 Switching
Bridging vs. LAN Switching
Three Switch Functions at Layer 2
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Spanning Tree Terms
Spanning Tree Operations
Spanning Tree Example
LAN Switch Types
Cut-Through (Real Time)
FragmentFree (Modified Cut-Through)
Store-and-Forward
Configuring the Catalyst 1900 and 2950 Switches
1900 and 2950 Switch Startup
Setting the Passwords
Setting the Hostname
Setting IP Information
Configuring Interface Descriptions
Erasing the Switch Configuration
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 7
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 7.1: Switch Basic Administrative Configurations
Hands-on Lab 7.2: Verifying the Switch Configurations
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 7
Chapter 8: Virtual LANs (VLANs)
VLAN Basics
Broadcast Control
Security
Flexibility and Scalability
VLAN Memberships
Static VLANs
Dynamic VLANs
Identifying VLANs
Frame Tagging
VLAN Identification Methods
Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Protocol
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
VTP Modes of Operation
VTP Pruning
Routing between VLANs
Configuring VLANs
Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs
Configuring Trunk Ports
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
Configuring VTP
Configuring Switching in Our Sample Internetwork
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 8
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 8
Chapter 9: Managing a Cisco Internetwork
The Internal Components of a Cisco Router
The Router Boot Sequence
Managing Configuration Registers
Understanding the Configuration Register Bits
Checking the Current Configuration Register Value
Changing the Configuration Register
Recovering Passwords
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS
Verifying Flash Memory
Backing Up the Cisco IOS
Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration
Backing Up the Cisco Router Configuration
Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration
Erasing the Configuration
Using Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Getting CDP Timers and Holdtime Information
Gathering Neighbor Information
Gathering Interface Traffic Information
Gathering Port and Interface Information
Using Telnet
Telnetting into Multiple Devices Simultaneously
Checking Telnet Connections
Checking Telnet Users
Closing Telnet Sessions
Resolving Hostnames
Building a Host Table
Using DNS to Resolve Names
Checking Network Connectivity
Using the ping Command
Using the traceroute Command
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 9
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 9.1: Backing Up Your Router IOS
Hands-on Lab 9.2: Upgrading or Restoring Your Router IOS
Hands-on Lab 9.3: Backing Up the Router Configuration
Hands-on Lab 9.4: Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol ( CDP)
Hands-on Lab 9.5: Using Telnet
Hands-on Lab 9.6: Resolving Hostnames
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 9
Chapter 10: Managing Traffic with Access Lists
Introduction to Access Lists
Standard Access Lists
Wildcard Masking
Standard Access List Example
Controlling VTY (Telnet) Access
Extended Access Lists
Extended Access List Example
Named Access Lists
Monitoring Access Lists
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 10
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 10.1: Standard IP Access Lists
Hands-on Lab 10.2: Extended IP Access Lists
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 10
Chapter 11: Wide Area Networking Protocols
Introduction to Wide Area Networks
Defining WAN Terms
WAN Connection Types
WAN Support
Cabling the Wide Area Network
Serial Transmission
Data Terminal Equipment and Data
Communication Equipment
Fixed and Modular Interfaces
High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Link Control Protocol (LCP) Configuration Options
PPP Session Establishment
PPP Authentication Methods
Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers
Configuring PPP Authentication
Verifying PPP Encapsulation
Frame Relay
Introduction to Frame Relay Technology
Frame Relay Implementation and Monitoring
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
ISDN Connections
ISDN Components
Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
ISDN with Cisco Routers
Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR)
Configuring DDR
Optional Commands
DDR with Access Lists
Verifying the ISDN Operation
Summary
Exam Essentials
Key Terms
Commands Used in This Chapter
Written Lab 11
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 11.1: Configuring PPP Encapsulation and Authentication
Hands-on Lab 11.2: Configuring and Monitoring HDLC
Hands-on Lab 11.3: Configuring Frame Relayand Subinterfaces
Hands-on Lab 11.4: Configuring ISDN and BRI Interfaces
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 11
Appendix A: Commands in This Study Guide
Glossary
4311cfm.fm Page i Wednesday, September 24, 2003 1:34 PM
CCNA:
Cisco Certified
Network Associate
Study Guide
Fourth Edition
4311cfm.fm Page ii Wednesday, September 24, 2003 1:34 PM
4311cfm.fm Page iii Wednesday, September 24, 2003 1:34 PM
CCNA
:
Cisco Certified
™
Network Associate
Study Guide
Fourth Edition
Todd Lammle
San Francisco • London
4311cfm.fm Page iv Wednesday, September 24, 2003 1:34 PM
Associate Publisher: Neil Edde
Acquisitions Editor: Maureen Adams
Developmental Editor: Jeff Kellum
Production Editor: Elizabeth Campbell
Technical Editors: Toby Skandier, Craig Vazquez
Copyeditor: Suzanne Goraj
Compositor: Happenstance Type-O-Rama
Graphic Illustrator: Happenstance Type-O-Rama
CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert
CD Technician: Kevin Ly
Proofreaders: Emily Hsuan, Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough
Indexer: Lynnzee Elze
Book Designer: Bill Gibson
Cover Designer: Archer Design
Cover Photographer: Andrew Ward/Life File
Copyright © 2004 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No
part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but
not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written per-
mission of the publisher.
First edition copyright © 1999 SYBEX Inc.
Second edition copyright © 2000 SYBEX, Inc.
Third edition copyright © 2002 SYBEX, Inc.
Library of Congress Card Number: 2003110715
ISBN: 0-7821-4311-3
SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the United States
and/or other countries.
Screen reproductions produced with FullShot 99. FullShot 99 © 1991-1999 Inbit Incorporated. All rights reserved.
FullShot is a trademark of Inbit Incorporated.
The CD interface was created using Macromedia Director, COPYRIGHT 1994, 1997-1999 Macromedia Inc. For
more information on Macromedia and Macromedia Director, visit http://www.macromedia.com.
This study guide and/or material is not sponsored by, endorsed by or affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco ®,
Cisco Systems ®, CCDA™, CCNA™, CCDP™, CSS1™, CCIP™, BSCI™, CCNP™, CCIE™, CCSI™, the Cisco
Systems logo and the CCIE logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. in the United
States and certain other countries. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners.
TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from
descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.
The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based upon final
release software whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-release versions supplied
by software manufacturer(s). The author and the publisher make no representation or warranties of any kind
with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents herein and accept no liability of any kind including
but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any particular purpose, or any losses or damages of
any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from this book.
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4311cfm.fm Page v Wednesday, September 24, 2003 1:34 PM
To Our Valued Readers:
Thank you for looking to Sybex for your CCNA exam prep needs. Computer Reseller News
recently ranked the CCNA #3 in its list of the "10 Hot Certifications for 2003," and it’s no
wonder. While the CCNA is positioned as a first-tier internetworking certification, Cisco has
gone to great lengths to ensure that the exam accurately validates practical knowledge and
skills that companies are seeking today.
Sybex is proud to have helped hundreds of thousands of CCNA candidates prepare for their
exams over the years. It has always been Sybex’s mission to teach individuals how to utilize
technologies in the real world, not to simply feed them answers to test questions. Just as Cisco
is committed to establishing measurable standards for certifying internetworking profession-
als, Sybex is committed to providing those professionals with the means of acquiring the skills
and knowledge they need to meet those standards.
The author, editors, and technical reviewers have worked hard to ensure that this Study Guide
is comprehensive, in-depth, and pedagogically sound. We’re confident that this book, along
with the collection of cutting-edge software study tools included on the CD, will meet and
exceed the demanding standards of the certification marketplace and help you, the CCNA
certification exam candidate, succeed in your endeavors.
Good luck in pursuit of your CCNA certification!
Neil Edde
Associate Publisher—Certification
Sybex, Inc.
4311cfm.fm Page vi Wednesday, September 24, 2003 1:34 PM
Software License Agreement: Terms and Conditions
The media and/or any online materials accompanying
this book that are available now or in the future contain
programs and/or text files (the "Software") to be used in
connection with the book. SYBEX hereby grants to you
a license to use the Software, subject to the terms that
follow. Your purchase, acceptance, or use of the Soft-
ware will constitute your acceptance of such terms.
The Software compilation is the property of SYBEX
unless otherwise indicated and is protected by copyright
to SYBEX or other copyright owner(s) as indicated in
the media files (the "Owner(s)"). You are hereby
granted a single-user license to use the Software for your
personal, noncommercial use only. You may not repro-
duce, sell, distribute, publish, circulate, or commercially
exploit the Software, or any portion thereof, without the
written consent of SYBEX and the specific copyright
owner(s) of any component software included on this
media.
In the event that the Software or components include
specific license requirements or end-user agreements,
statements of condition, disclaimers, limitations or war-
ranties ("End-User License"), those End-User Licenses
supersede the terms and conditions herein as to that par-
ticular Software component. Your purchase, accep-
tance, or use of the Software will constitute your
acceptance of such End-User Licenses.
By purchase, use or acceptance of the Software you fur-
ther agree to comply with all export laws and regula-
tions of the United States as such laws and regulations
may exist from time to time.
Software Support
Components of the supplemental Software and any
offers associated with them may be supported by the
specific Owner(s) of that material, but they are not sup-
ported by SYBEX. Information regarding any available
support may be obtained from the Owner(s) using the
information provided in the appropriate read.me files or
listed elsewhere on the media.
Should the manufacturer(s) or other Owner(s) cease to
offer support or decline to honor any offer, SYBEX
bears no responsibility. This notice concerning support
for the Software is provided for your information only.
SYBEX is not the agent or principal of the Owner(s),
and SYBEX is in no way responsible for providing any
support for the Software, nor is it liable or responsible
for any support provided, or not provided, by the
Owner(s).
Warranty
SYBEX warrants the enclosed media to be free of phys-
ical defects for a period of ninety (90) days after pur-
chase. The Software is not available from SYBEX in any
other form or media than that enclosed herein or posted
to www.sybex.com. If you discover a defect in the
media during this warranty period, you may obtain a
replacement of identical format at no charge by sending
the defective media, postage prepaid, with proof of pur-
chase to:
SYBEX Inc.
Product Support Department
1151 Marina Village Parkway
Alameda, CA 94501
Web: http://www.sybex.com
After the 90-day period, you can obtain replacement
media of identical format by sending us the defective
disk, proof of purchase, and a check or money order for
$10, payable to SYBEX.
Disclaimer
SYBEX makes no warranty or representation, either
expressed or implied, with respect to the Software or its
contents, quality, performance, merchantability, or fit-
ness for a particular purpose. In no event will SYBEX,
its distributors, or dealers be liable to you or any other
party for direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequen-
tial, or other damages arising out of the use of or inabil-
ity to use the Software or its contents even if advised of
the possibility of such damage. In the event that the Soft-
ware includes an online update feature, SYBEX further
disclaims any obligation to provide this feature for any
specific duration other than the initial posting.
The exclusion of implied warranties is not permitted by
some states. Therefore, the above exclusion may not
apply to you. This warranty provides you with specific
legal rights; there may be other rights that you may have
that vary from state to state. The pricing of the book
with the Software by SYBEX reflects the allocation of
risk and limitations on liability contained in this agree-
ment of Terms and Conditions.
Shareware Distribution
This Software may contain various programs that are
distributed as shareware. Copyright laws apply to both
shareware and ordinary commercial software, and the
copyright Owner(s) retains all rights. If you try a share-
ware program and continue using it, you are expected to
register it. Individual programs differ on details of trial
periods, registration, and payment. Please observe the
requirements stated in appropriate files.
Copy Protection
The Software in whole or in part may or may not be
copy-protected or encrypted. However, in all cases,
reselling or redistributing these files without authoriza-
tion is expressly forbidden except as specifically pro-
vided for by the Owner(s) therein.
4311cfm.fm Page vii Wednesday, September 24, 2003 1:34 PM
Acknowledgments
For trying to keep my path straight and focused, I need to thank Neil Edde, Maureen Adams
and Jeff Kellum. This is no easy task for task for you and I applaud your patience and dedication
to our vision.
Elizabeth Campbell was instrumental in the success of this book. Without her hard work and
dedication to a flawless book, as well as her ability to dance long after the music has stopped,
this book would never have come together as quickly as it has. The quality of this book comes
directly from the dazzling performance of Elizabeth. Thank you!
As Pygmalion always strove for the ideal of perfection, I have currently had the privilege to
work with the modern-day version in the name of an amazing tech editor named Toby Skandier.
A superb person with an uncanny eye for the details that matter, Toby has contributed immensely
to make this book the quality product it is. And not to forget the Eye of Accuracy—none other
than the infallible Michael Woznicki. This man is the reason personified that this entire book was
totally put together in precisely the way it should be. Kudos and many thanks to both of these
adroit professionals—cheers guys!
Thanks also to the CD team whose hard work has resulted in a power-packed CD test
engine. Thanks also to the compositors at Happenstance Type-O-Rama that laid out the fine
pages you are reading. Suzanne Goraj’s trained eye weeded out any grammar and spelling prob-
lems; Thanks Suzanne! Thanks also go to Craig Vazquez who gave the book its final technical
once-over, and gave us his thumbs-up!
4311cfm.fm Page viii Wednesday, September 24, 2003 1:34 PM
相关推荐
2023年江西萍乡中考道德与法治真题及答案.doc
2012年重庆南川中考生物真题及答案.doc
2013年江西师范大学地理学综合及文艺理论基础考研真题.doc
2020年四川甘孜小升初语文真题及答案I卷.doc
2020年注册岩土工程师专业基础考试真题及答案.doc
2023-2024学年福建省厦门市九年级上学期数学月考试题及答案.doc
2021-2022学年辽宁省沈阳市大东区九年级上学期语文期末试题及答案.doc
2022-2023学年北京东城区初三第一学期物理期末试卷及答案.doc
2018上半年江西教师资格初中地理学科知识与教学能力真题及答案.doc
2012年河北国家公务员申论考试真题及答案-省级.doc
2020-2021学年江苏省扬州市江都区邵樊片九年级上学期数学第一次质量检测试题及答案.doc
2022下半年黑龙江教师资格证中学综合素质真题及答案.doc
