2006年河南郑州大学考博英语真题.doc

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2006 年河南郑州大学考博英语真题 PART I VOCABUIARY (10%) Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A) B), C) and D). Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. The picnic ______at last after being twice postponed. A) came off B) came up C) put on D) went on 2. Lenny advises me to have a _____of brandy because it will make me less nervous in my presentation. A) bit B) lick C) sip D) flavor 3. Adams hadn't a______ what the speaker was talking about most of the time because the class was in chaos A) guess B) thought C) concept D) clue 4. The National Geographic Society headquarters ,______in Washington, D.C, is well-known for its magazine. A) located B) placed C) stood D) positioned 5. The baby keeps______---She must be getting a terrible cold A) sneezing B) sniffing C) yawning D) spitting 6. When them was a short _____in the conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink. A) blank B) space C) pause D) interval 7. Hotel rooms must be ______by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter. A) departed B) abandoned C) vacated D) displaced 8. Tom read it through quick so as to get the ______of it before setting down to a thorough study. A) detail B) essence C) gist D) core 9. The priest made the ______of the cross when he entered the church

A)mark B)signal C) sign D) gesture 10. For many patients, institutional care is the most _______and beneficial form of care A) appropriate B) pertinent C) acute D) persistent 11. Among all the changes resulting from the ______entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important A) massive B) quantitative C) surplus D) formidable 12. In the Export Commodities Fair the ______of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world. A) succession B) army C) string D) procession 13. We realized that he was under great ______,so we took no notice of his bad temper. A) emotion B) stress C) crisis D) nervousness 14. His ideas are invariably condemned as ______by his colleagues. A) imaginative B) ingenious C) impractical D) theoretical 15 .The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ______government spending. A) finance B) expand C) enlarge D) budget 16. Taking photographs is strictly ______here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings. A) forbidden B) rejected C) excluded D) denied 17. Doctors' efforts to develop a new way to see the brain working have so far ______with satisfaction. A) found B) shown C) given D) met 18. The study also showed that, ______to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight at all. A) contrary B) identical C) equivalent D) hostile 19. The viewers of the poet's most recent book ______his reputation.

A) enlarged B) enriched C) enhanced D) encouraged 20. The student couldn't ______what the teacher was trying to explain. A) grip B) seize C) grasp D) snatch PART II Reading Comprehension (30%) Section A Directions: Read thefollowing passages andanswer the questionswhich accompany them by choosing A; B, C or D). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and sell-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, "Denmark is a great country." You're supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, daycare, retraining programs, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet and despite all the English that Danish absorbs---there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers---about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new--and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.

Such a nation of overachievers--a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organ/zed countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere." So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles In the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don't think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people-- that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of go6ds. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certainthings are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad for

taking what yon' re entitled to, you' re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis. 21. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ______attitude towards their country. A) boastful B)mode C) deprecating D) mysterious 22. Which c' he following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage? A) Fondness of foreign culture. B) Equality in society. C) Linguistic tolerance. D) Persistent planning. 23. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is______. A) disapproving B) approving C) noncommittal D) doubtful 24. According to the passage, Danish orderliness______. A) sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes B) spares Danes social troubles besetting other people C) is considered economically essential to the country D) prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles 25. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that______. A) Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits B) Danes take for granted what is given to them C) the open system helps to tide the country over D) orderliness has alleviated unemployment Passage 2 Why do adults believe that alcoholic awareness programs teach young people not to over-drink? Recently, reading an article about the alcohol-induced deaths of two students from two different universities in Colorado, I came across a theme

on teen drinking applicable to parents, school administration, and local government: They just don't get it. To use a pun by New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, who changes WMD to PMD (people of mass destruction), T call much of the adult generation PMNs--- people of mass naiveté. I say this because adults seem to believe that no child of theirs would touch alcohol before turning 21. Since that's unrealistic, the issue should be: how can kids learn to drink responsibly? The answer: by practicing. Like figuring out how to throw a baseball, a person needs to learn by trial and error. Now, I am not proposing that under-age kids should have access to alcohol at all times, but they will never know when they have reached their limit without drinking alcohol first. Trust me, we know how terrible we feel when we have surpassed our limit. It has often been stressed to my generation that there should always be a designated driver who does not drink. But, realistically, when people go to a bar, are they not supposed to drink? My friend, a willing designated driver, was asked by a friend in the bar why he did not have a drink in his hand. He responded: "I am driving." She then repeated her question while laughing. In other words, college students face intense pressure to drink when they are out socially, even though some manage to with- stand it. The solution I propose is two-fold. First, to parents: If you have children in high school, understand that your kids will drink at parties. Despite the legal drinking age, they will find a way to obtain beer or liquor. While you are home during this holiday season, have a drink with your kids and their friends, or, at the very least, allow them to have a drink. Ensure they are safe, but also guarantee that they know what they are doing. Please introduce them to alcohol before they go off to college so that, on the first weekend, they don't drink themselves into the ER. They do this not because they want to drink to get drunk, but because they do not know any better.

Second, to lawmakers: How are teenagers supposed to learn to drink responsibly when they cannot even drink legally with their parents at a restaurant.'? Having a drink with your parents at a restaurant is a much more adult experience than drinking with them at home. The truth of the matter is that almost all under-age drinking is done outside the home, in social circles. So lawmakers should make an exception and allow teenagers, who are one or two years under the drinking age and accompanied by their parents, to have a drink at a restaurant. Most of us live in an environment that is geared toward drinking and overdrinking, and adults must face this truth. If they do not wake up and see reality, their kids one morning might not wake up from a night of drinking. 26. This passage can be best titled as______. A) How to Practice Drinking B) Don't Drink Beyond Your Limit C) My Personal Opinion on Alcohol Drinking D) Teaching Kids to Drink Responsibly 27. Which of the following statement cannot be inferred from this passage? A) Lawmakers should permit teenagers to drink. B) The lawful age for people to drink in America is 21. C) The author has the experience of drinking beyond his limit. D) Under-age kids are sometimes pressed to drink when they are out socically. 28. The author's attitude towards the phenomenon of teenagers' drinking is that of ______. A) favorable B) undisclosed C) impartial D) realistic 29. This passage is mainly written for ______to read. A) parents B) lawmakers C) both A and B D) under-age kids 30. The general tone of this passage is______. A) dogmatic B) persuasive C) impersonal D) ironic Passage 3

One tenth of all bird species could be extinct by 2100, and by then another 15% could be on the brink of extinction, Californian scientists report. They say the consequences for humankind are unpredictable. Cagan Sekercioglu of the Stanford centre for conservation biology and colleagues report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they made a painstaking analysis of 9,787 living and 129 extinct bird species, taking in conservation, distribution, ecological roles and life history. They also consider the threats from human population growth, pollution, habitat destruction, and competition from invasive species, before coming to a gloomy conclusion. "Our projections indicate that by 2100, up to 14% of all bird species may be extinct and that as many as one out of four may be functionally extinct that is, critically endangered or extinct in the wild," Dr Sekercioglu and his colleagues report. "Given the momentum of climate change, widespread habitat loss and increasing numbers of invasive species, avian declines and extinctions are predicted to continue unabated in the near future." Birds have a powerful place in nature's pecking order. They keep down insect populations, spread plant seeds, pollinate flowers, produce guano and scavenge carrion. The loss of a single species can have disastrous consequences. The vulture population of south Asia has crashed by 95% in the last decade, perhaps due to agricultural pesticides, and this has led to a corresponding explosion in numbers of rabid feral dogs and rats feeding on carcasses. In 1997, more than 30,000 people in India died of rabies: this was more than half of all rabies deaths worldwide that year. Other bird species may be vital to precarious ecosystems. The southern cassowary feeds on 150 plant species in the Australian and Papua New Guinea rainforest, often gobbling the fruits whole, to excrete the seeds and distribute them where they can germinate. It is endangered, and its forest habitat with it.

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