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2010年河南郑州大学考博英语真题.doc
2010 年河南郑州大学考博英语真题
I. Listening Comprehension (40%)
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English.
Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestions
thataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPart
C.
Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstanswerthequestions
in your test booklet, not on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening
comprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferyouranswersfromyour
test booklet onto the ANSWER SHEET.
If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW, as you will not be
allowed to speak once the test has started.
Part A
You will hear a radio program. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by
circling True (T) or False (F). You will hear what he says ONLY ONCE.
You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10.
1. Professor Ernest Watson was answering questions on the radio
program on the subject of learning a foreign language.
2. Mr. Humphries often went to Spain on holiday to practice his
Spanish.
3. Mr. Humphries has been learning Spanish for four years.
4. Mr. Humphries wanted to know how to improve his speaking and
listening in Spanish.
5. Mr. Humphries didn’t buy the BBC book, because he has watched
quite a lot of the BBC TV programs.
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE/FALSF
TRIJE/FALSE
TRUE/FALSE
TRUE/FALSE
6. Professor Watson compared learning a language to driving a car.
TRUE/FALSE
7. Mr, Humphries doesn’t want to practice oral Spanish with other
students in the class because they would make the same mistakes
TRUE/FALSE
as he does.
8. It seems to Professor Watson that Mr. Humphries has got confused
between learning a foreign language and practicing it.
TRUB/FALSE
9. According to Professor Watson, Mr. Humphries could improve his
Spanish listening ability by speaking to Spanish speakers in
TRUE/FALSE
London.
10. According to Professor Watson, learning to speak a foreign
language is an extremely difficult business, so you need a huge
TRUE/FALSE
vocabulary and lots of practice.
Younowhave20secondstocheckyouranswerstoQuestions1—10. Thatis
the end of Part A.
Part B
You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions
by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.
Questions 11 to 13 are based on a conversation between an executive and his
secretary, Brenda.
You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13
11. What did the man ask the woman to do yesterday?
(A) To arrange a job interview.
(C) To advertise a job in newspapers. (D) To contact the junior sales manager
(B) To watch the evening news on TV.
12. What kind of person is the man looking for?
(A) A college graduate of business. (B) A young man with a few A levels.
(C) A college graduate of English.
(D) A young man with a degree.
13.
What does the woman think of the man’s requirements?
(A) Unrealistic.
(B) Reasonable.
(B) Sensible.
(D) Ambiguous.
You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11 to 13.
Questions 14 to 16 are based on a radio program from BBC.
You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16.
14. The news item could be entitled ________________ .
(A) “Solar-powered Cycle Race”
(C) “Solar-powered Car Race”
(B) “The World Challenge”
(D) “Future of the Motor Car”
15. why is the World Competition held in Australia this year?
(A) Because Australia is located in the southern hemisphere.
(B) Because Australia has taken the lead of the technology in the world
(C) Because Australia is blessed with much sunshine.
(D) Because Australia is an ideal place with the length across its outback some
3,000 kilometers.
16. On average, the vehicle’s speed stood at ____ kilometers an hour when the
race first started decades ago.
(A) 38
(B) 67
(C) 100
(D) 200
You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 14 to 16.
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following interview with Mr. Simon James, a
banker, about his own experience of being successful.
You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 to 20.
17.
Why did Simon go into banking?
(A) To fulfill an ambition.
(C) To follow in his father’s footsteps.
(B) To be different from his brothers.
(D) To show his intelligence.
18. How did Simon say he became successful?
(A) By offering bank managers his good ideas.
(B) By placing trust in his clients.
(C) By working wholeheartedly for the clients.
(D) By listening to advice from other people.
19. When Simon suddenly became famous, how did he feel?
(A) Tired with so many radio and television interviews.
(B) Disturbed by the constant attention from the press.
(C) Worried that ordinary people would envy his fortune.
(D) Threatened by reports finding out about his wealth.
20. Which positive aspect of being famous does Simon mention?
(A) Receiving praise from other people.
(B) Reading nice things about himself in the paper.
(C) Gaining publicity for his business.
(D) Getting more invitations from his friends.
You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17 to 20. That is the
end of Part B.
Part C
Youwillhearaninterview.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcomplete
thenotes inyour testbooklet forQuestions 21 to 30by writingNOT MORETHAN
THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE.
You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21 to 30.
21. How many guests are invited for the “MichaelParkhust
Talkabout” program tonight?
22. According to some pessimistic forecasts, the world
will run out of its oil in
.
23. The first two guests, Professor Marvin Burnham and
Jennifer Hughes, mainly discuss the pros and cons of
24. In order to conserve fossil fuels, Professor Marvin
Burnham strongly suggests that
should be the
safest power to resort to.
25. According to Professor Marvin Burnham, we will go back
to the
if we turn our backs on nuclear research.
26. It’s nuclear accident,
and terrorism that
make Jennifer Hughes consider the alternative energy
unnecessary.
27. Dr Catherine Woodstock is the
of several
books on alternative technology.
28. According to Dr Catherine Woodstock, human beings
will not continue living on the Earth unless we conduct
related research and start working on
sources
of energy.
29. Which ministry does Charley Wicks, a member of
Parliament, come from in the country?
30. What attitude does Charles Wicks develop towards the
pessimistic forecast or estimate that the world will
run out of energy resources?
You now have 1 minute and 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 21 to 30.
ThatistheendofPartC.Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswers
from your test booklet to the ANSWER SHEET.
That is the end of Listening Comprehension.
II. Vocabulary (10%)
Directions:There are 10 sentencesin this part. Beneath each sentence there are
4 words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one word or phrase that
correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET
31. The neighbors do not consider him quite ________ as most evenings he awakens
them with his drunken singing.
(A) respected
(C) respective
(D) respectful
32. Since it is late to change my mind now, I am ___ to carrying out the plan.
(B) respectable
(A) committed
(B) obliged
(C) engaged
(D) resolved
33. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to
funds
from
armaments to health and education.
(A) derive
(B) change
(C) convert
(D) divert
34. The board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be
important positions.
(A) attributed to
(C) installed in
(B) furnished with
(D) inserted into
35. The lady who has _____ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out
to be a distant relation of his.
(A) put him up
(C) put him on
(B) put him out
(D) put him in
36. The government’s policies in the past years have shown a(n)
in
emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants’ livelihood.
(A) exaltation
(B) coherence
(C) agony
(D) behavior
37. The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to
students’ enthusiasm in learning English.
(A) hold back
(B) hold off
(C) hold out
(D) hold down
38. The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income
had increased ________, and is continuing to increase.
(A) successfully
(B) succinctly
(D) sufficiently
(C) substantially
39. One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its abilities to
further research and further thinking about a particular topic.
(A) invent
(B) stimulate
(C) renovate
(D) advocate
40. It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly ___ observer of events.
^ ^ ^ . . . . . . . . —
(A) inadequate
(B) impassive
(C) genius
(D) impartial
III. Reading Comprehension (30%)
Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions which accompany
them by choosing (A), (B), (C) or (D). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
While many technological advances occur in an evolutionary manner, occasionally
a revolutionary technological appears on the horizon that creates startling new
conditions and profound changes. Such is the case with the privately developed Moller
Skycar, which is named after its inventor. The ruggedized (加固的) Moller Skycar
variant the military is evaluating is called the light aerial multipurpose vehicle,
or LAMV.
The LAMV is a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that can fly in a quick,
quiet, and agile manner. It is a new type of vehicle that combines the speed of an
airplane and the vertical take-off capability of a helicopter with some
characteristics of a ground vehicle, but without the limitations of any of those
existing modes of transportation. The LAMV is not operated like traditional fixed
— or rotary-wing aircraft. It has only two hands, which the operator uses to direct
the redundant computer control system to carry out desired flight maneuvers. The
left-hand control twists to select the desired operating altitude and moves fore
and aft to select the rate of climb. The right-hand control twists to select the
vehicle’s direction and moves side-to-side to provide transverse (横向的) movement
during the hover and early-transition-to-flight phases of operation; it also moves
fore and aft to control speed and braking. Simply put, the LAMV is user friendly.
The LAMV design incorporates a number of safety features. For starters, the LAMV
has multiple engines. Unlike any light helicopter or airplane, the LAMV has multiple
engine nacelles (机舱), each with two computer-controlled Rota power engines. These
engines operate independently and allow for a vertical controlled landing should
either fail.
The LAMV is aerodynamically stable. In the unlikely event that sufficient power
is not available to land vertically, the LAMV’s stability and good glide slope allow
the operator to maneuver to a safe area before using the air-frame parachutes (降
落伞). Since computers contro1 the LAMV’s flight during hover and transition, the
only operator input is to control speed and direction. Undesirable movements caused
by wind gusts are prevented automatically.
The LAMV’s potential military uses will be numerous. They include aerial medical
evacuation., aerial reconnaissance (侦查), command and control, search and rescue,
insertion of special operations forces, air assault operations, airborne operations,
forcible-entry operations, military police mobility and maneuver support,
communications retransmission, battlefield distribution for unit resupply,
transport of individual and crew replacements, weapons platform, noncombatant
evacuation operations, battlefield contractor transport, and battle damage
assessment.
Of course, the LAMV brings with it some obvious challenges. Its limited payload
will be a negative factor. Its use will complicate Army airspace command and control.
How the LAMV will be used in conjunction with forces under the joint force air
component commander will have to be determined. LAMV support issues also require
resolution. For example, operator selection and training, leader training,
employment doctrine, LAMV basis-of-issue plans, and LAMV life-cycle management all
require the Army’s attention.
41. According to the passage, LAMV
.
(A) is developed by an academy
(C) can take off upright and fly fast
(B) can’t fly as fast as an airplane
(D) is applied in civil transportation
42. Light helicopter or airplane may ________.
(A) have two hands to control its speed and direction
(B) have less engine nacelles than LAMV and therefore less security
(C) have no computer-controlled Rota power engines in its system
(D) lack flexible computer control in its taking off and landing
43. What should the operator of LAMV do when power for vertical landing is
insufficient?
(A) He should ask the monitoring center for help via computer.
(B) He must leave the aircraft immediately with the help of parachutes.
(C) He can effectively control the aircraft with some simple input.
(D) He just waits LAMV to regain enough power for landing.
44. Which of the following can be a possible disadvantage of LAMV?
(A) Few people would support the application of LAMV.
(B) Not all forces are willing to be commanded jointly.
(C) Army airspace command and control would be in disorder.
(D) LAMV can only carry a small crew or little cargo.
The world may be becoming a more female-friendly place but corporate boardroom
Passage 2
are not, with women holding under 3 per cent of top management jobs in Western firms,
according to a United Nations survey issued recently. The report entitled Breaking
Through theGlassCeiling: Women in Management, is published by the International
Labor Organization (ILO). The report, subtitled as Progressandobstaclestowomen’
sequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus, presents the most recent trends on the
situation of women in professional and managerial jobs. It also highlights some of
the institutional and attitudinal prejudices that continue to hamper (妨碍) women’
s progress into top jobs, and it describes good practices in support of women managers.
Women make up over 40 per cent of the world’s workforce, but even when they make
it through the “glass ceiling” — an invisible barrier of male-dominated prejudices
and networks —— they earn far less than men, the ILO report said.
and
private
sector
“Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading position in major
corporations
their
responsibilities,” said author Linda Wirth. “The higher the position, the more
glaring the gender gap.” The ILO said men traditionally rely on “old boy” networks
to climb up the ladder. Women are more “invisible” in the corporate world because
they are less keen on informal gatherings. They are also fighting a losing battle
against sexual harassment.
organizations,
irrespective
of
A British study found that women in one company subjected to continuing sexual
harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they used,
“protesting and complaining earned them the label of ‘feminist’ and ‘whining
(抱怨)’, while trying to be one of the men invited further harassment,” the ILO
report said.
A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3 per cent of
board members were women. In the FTSE top 10 companies listed in Britain, Women held
just 4 percent of directors’ posts, while female managers earned just 71 per cent
of the salary of their male counterparts, the ILO report said.
British female managers as a whole earned 83 per cent of the salaries of their
male counterparts — — putting them ahead of their counterparts in most other
countries.
The situation in Germany was no better. A survey of 70,000 largest companies
found that women there held just 1 to 3 per cent of the top executive and boardroom
positions. The ILO also reported that the comparatively high proportion of women
executives in large French companies —— 13 per cent —— was now falling again
from the 80s levels.
45. According to the ILO report, _______ .
(A) women still face serious work problem at all levels of western firms
(B) women no longer face work problems except in top management levels
(C) there are serious problems facing women, especially in the boardrooms of
Western firms
(D) women are having a better time in the world, except in the boardrooms of
western firms
46. What does the report mean by the term “glass ceiling”?
(A) A level beyond which women can’t really be promoted.
(B) A barrier of prejudices and networks that exists in some companies.
(C) A barrier of prejudice that men pretend does not exist.
(D) A level that women are trying to reach despite the difficulties put in their
way.
47. The ILO report
.
(A) is optimistic, in that once women break into top positions, they do well
(B) is pessimistic, in that even the few women who get top positions have smaller
salaries
(C) is optimistic, because there is a growing realization that women in top
positions do very well
(D) is pessimistic, because no women ever reach the highest positions in western
boardrooms
48. Which of the following strategies did women not use in their fight against sexual
harassment?
(A) Complaining.
(C) Protesting.
(B) Sexual harassment.
(D) Trying to be friendly.
Passage 3
When Robert Shiller, a Yale economist and bestselling author, told a crowd of
finance professors and economics students last spring that only 10 percent of his
money was invested in stocks, they gasped.
Managers might suggest anywhere from 50 to 90 percent. But 10 percent? This was
heresy.
How about 0 percent?
That’s the share that investors should plow into domestic stocks, according
to Ben Inker, director of asset allocation for Grantham, Mayo, and Van Otterloo &
Co. (GMO), a money-management firm with some $85 billion in assets.
Welcome to a contrarian view of today’s equity markets. A small but vocal band
of heretics is calling into question not only the profit potential of stocks but
also the foundation for conventional wisdom about investing. Even for those who
disagree with them, their arguments serve as a reality check for the market.
Are conventional portfolio really as safe as experts say?
“Don’t be surprised that the Wall Street brokerage firms spend most of their
time telling you that stocks are cheap,” warns Mr. Inker. “Wall Street likes the
market. It likes trading. Wall Street makes a lot more money off of trading stocks
than trading bonds.”
The trick is to determine your portfolio’s exposure to risk, analysts say. And
that depends - to a surprisingly large degree — on how diversified it is and how
long you’re prepared to stay the course. These are key elements of “modern portfolio
theory,” which came into being in the 1950s and eventually won its creator, Harry
Markowitz, a Nobel Prize.
Essentially, portfolio theory holds that investors reap the greatest return with
the least risk when they allocate their money among diverse classes of assets, hold
them for the long term, and rebalance the portfolio when the various classes of assets
stray too far from their original allocation.
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