2008年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案.doc

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2008 年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案 C. sustain D. retain To our B. prosperity C. intensity D. density B. efficient C potential D. proficient We'd like to a table for five for dinner this evening. I would never have a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate. It is required that during the process, great care has to be taken to protect Britain has the highest of road traffic in the world-over 60 cars for every Part I Vocabulary (20%) Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1. D. restored to B. accounted for C. turned up by the chain reaction is transformed into heat. B. released C. conveyed D. delivered The European Union countries, were once worried that they would not have supplies of petroleum. A. sufficient 2. A. preserve B. reserve 3. mile of road. A. popularity 4. A. sought for 5. The energy A. transferred 6. the silk from damage. A. sensitive 7. A. relief 8. A. jigsaw 9. A. disincentive B. redundant 10. They have A. destined B. chorded 11. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite information and examples. A. unbiased B. manipulated C. distorted D. conveyed 12. It is apparent that winning the scholarship is field of physics. A. parallelism B. alliteration 13. In court he repeated his A. impressions B. alliterations C. clauses C. testimony that he was not guilty in front of the jury. , Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared. B. view C. anxiety D. judgment The government will take some action to the two big quarreling companies. As automation became popular in most factories, labor was made her unreasonable request for her annual salary. B. jot C. impulse D. reconcile B. sensible C tender D. delicate D. rhythm D. assertions C. diverse D. discontent C. repelled D. commenced qualified sources of of one's intelligence in the

14. Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of business. the . B. slack B. Congresses C. ferrous D. abundant B. detract C. convert D. entail B. substantial C. massive D. traditional B. personalize C. sustain D, describe vanished, but the danger to American civilization to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year. Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere plant C. Conventions D. Routines C. reprocessing D. preferring According to the Geneva no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse. A. stale 5. A. Customs Before the general election many senior citizens signed the against spreading of nuclear arms. A. contract B. petition C. supplication D. potential 7. to life. A. adapt I can’t remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty A. estimating The industry has pumped amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly. A. potential 20. I was entrusted to A. contribute 21. After 1989, the external remained. A. disruption 22. The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the means. A. flight 23. An archaeologist has to pay much attention to object. A. miserable 24. The girl A. pinched 25. Most of the local people involved in the affair have been A. smuggled B. prosecuted 26. I can respect someone who is someone who is always pointing the finger. A. millennium 27. All the products made in China are sold and distributed in Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules. A. compliance B. prosperity C. merchandise D‘ intersection 28. One of the main reasons is that the university’s faculty staff all over the world. B. minus her tablemate’s arm to see if she was fast asleep at class. B. dominant C. accountable for their actions, but I cannot respect B. punched C. pitched D. preached details of an unearthed attracts students and B, menace C. liability C. saluted D. thrived B. plight C delight D. twilight D. commercial with the U.S. D, emergence by various B. devastating C. minute D. moist and dismissed.

A. fraud 29. Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have C. misconduct D. prestige B. respondent no B. formulated B. sentences B- evolve C. prevail to . B. Innovation C. Empire D. Strength B. abundances C. warriors D. outnumbers C. released D. incorporated B. sensible C. sentimental D, sensational and hard work are the cornerstones of this company. about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you further details about the accident. A. comprised 30. They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering foreign investors. A. incentives 31. Why be were wearing it when you first met me. A. sensitive 32. A. Mutilation 33. The protests were part of their against the proposed building development in the area. A. commission B. commitment C. convention 34. Some people seem to on the pressure of working under a deadline. A. render D. thrive 35. These changes have not been sufficient to A. stem B. stimulate C cause D. compensate 36. Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their A. conditions 37. Several for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers. A. systems 38. These natural resources will be sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues. A, 39. The military operations yesterday installations. A. 40. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the human brain. A. C. analogy Part II Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. Passage One B. commenced C. plagued D. modulated B. deployed C. inclined D. mingled between the computer and the C fallacies D. hypotheses B. combinations C, peers were targeted at the military profile B- mighty D, leakage depleted propelled D. campaign the losses. D. granaries

There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era. But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language，，，says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately，it’s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.，， One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said * These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it，s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.” They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,OCX) people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suidde. If you like, you can also dismember them.” Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players. Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising? 41. Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining? Those that teach how to fly an airplane. A. Those that teach the features of the earth. B. C Those that help people use computer language. D. Those that teach computer technology. 42. According to the investigators, . A. violent acts B. C. D. the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other people most computer and online games make the players forget the real life results most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real

more and more young people enjoy cruel computer games . • other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real life computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real 43. It can be inferred from the passage that A. B- it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer games there are now more incidents of violence due to computer games C. D. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence 44. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that A. B. life C. life D. Passage Two The collapse of the Earth’s magnetic field—which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures—appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week. The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’s lines of magnetic force* During a reversal，the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity ( 极） • The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and anintals that rely on the inagnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite daims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions. Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world’s largest effort at tracking the field’ s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea * of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather，，，said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “ I ， m personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission.” No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago， when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car’s generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity. No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron,

• * • . the movement deep inside the Earth B. the periodical reverses of the Earth C D. the mechanical movement of the Earth misguided many a man and animal begun to change in the opposite direction C caused the changes on the polarities the compass will become useless man and animals will be confused in directions the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappear the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger the transition is still thousands of years from now the transition can be precisely predicted by scientists the process of the transition will take a very long time to finish the new transition will come 780,000 years from now which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter. 45. According to the passage, the Earth’s magnetic field has A, B. D. been weakening in strength for a long time 46. During the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field A. B. C. D. 47. The author says '. the public has no reason to panic” because A. B. C. D. 48. The cause of the transition of tiKe Earth、magnetic field comes from A. the force coming from outer space Passage Three The terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a jarring reminder that in today’ s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter how close ox far away from home tihe event happened. Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed. Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren’t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself. Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images. What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is predicated upon inducing a climate of fear that is incommensurate with the actual threat，’，says Middle Eastern historian Richard Buliiet of Columbia University. uEvery time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.” ‘There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target，or the horrific quality

of what you do to a single person，，，Buliiet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn’t what you do, but ifs how it，s covered that determines the effect” For example, Buliiet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed， but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening’s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive. Buliiet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group’s power rather than an individual cmninal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It’ s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized，” says Buliiet. ‘The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities•，’ Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan，says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it’s tihe only tactic they have available to them. “They don’t have M-16s, and we have M-16S. They don’t have the mighty military power that we have，and they only have access to things like kidnapping，，，says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. “In psychological warfare，even one beheading can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy，” Haroun tells WebMD. ‘"You haven’t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you’ve achieved a lot of demoralization,” 49. Which of the following statement is NOT among the reasons that change the rules of psychological warfare? A. B. C. D. 50. According to Richard Bulliet, why does “publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself’？ A. B. C. the actual threat. D‘ Because publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat. 51. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that A. B. C. Because psychological terrorism is a tactic. Because terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat. Because the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than Break the morale of their opponent. Advances in technology. The popularity of the Internet, Prosperity of media. the impact of psychological terror relies largely on how the acts are publicized there are various ways to have the impact of psychological terror the American media is effective .

the ways determines the effect • the terrorists are exerting total power over their captives the threat is a collective demonstration of the group’s power the terrorists are powerful and pervasive the force becomes generalized rather than personalized D. 52. The randomness and the ubiquity of the terrorist acts bring to the public the impression that A. B. C. D. Passage Four In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall’ s entering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual. In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students —who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications—about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won’ t release numbers’ but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year’s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen. In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class—1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions. Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to woo admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mails, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year’s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It， s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September “to avert the majority of the hurricane season，” Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other tihings, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students

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2008年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案.doc

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