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2018 年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案 Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 points) Section One Directions: In this section you will hear some people talking about how their parents met each other and got married. Each of the conversations is followed by an interview with one of their parents about his or her marriage. Listen to the recording and answer the questions below with what you hear. You should use a short sentence or a phrase for each answer. You will hear the recording only once. 1．How did Craig's parents meet each other? 2．What was his father's first impression of his mother? What does he think now? He still thinks so. 3．How did Dave's parents meet each other? 4．What was his mother's first impression of his father? 5．What does she think now? 6．How did Sara's parents meet each other? 7．What was her father's first impression of her mother? What does he think now? He still thinks so. 8．How did Lisa's parents meet each other? 9．What was her mother's first impression of her father? 10．What does she think now? Section Two Directions.. In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes below about the lecture. You will hear the recording only once. Lecture Notes Lecture field/area:

11．_______________________________________ Lecture Topic/Theme: Memory Three types of memory: 12．_______________________________________ 13．_______________________________________ 14．_______________________________________ Three ways of measuring memory: 15．_______________________________________ 16．_______________________________________ 17．_______________________________________ Three Techniques for remembering information: 18．_______________________________________ 19．_______________________________________ 20．_______________________________________ Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 21．Ploughs and other agricultural implements were on display at the recent exhibition. A．equations B．playthings C．tools D．machinery 22．My own inclination, if I were in your situation, would be to look for another position. A．symptom B．likeness C．habit D．tendency 23．The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplification than can be achieved with a single lens. A ． management B ． magnificence C ． magnetism

D．magnification 24．The degree of downward slope of a beach depends on its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface. A．sentiment B．sediment C．semester D．segment 25．The rigor of the winter in Russia was often described by Mogol. A．harshness B．perturbation C．dismay D．pessimism 26．Nowadays, the prescribed roles of the man as “breadwinner” and the woman as housewife are changing. A．ascribed B．prevalent C．original D．settled 27．A divorcee, Tom is the sole provider in a typical “single parent” family. A．religious B．spiritual C．exclusive D．chief 28．The old woman is chronically ill in bed and seldom goes out. A．seriously B．dangerously C．continually D．incurably 29．The driver stopped his car so abruptly that he was hit by the cab right behind him. A．impolitely B．violently C．suddenly D．maladroitly 30．Benin Mayer Alcott based the principal characters of her book Little Women on her sisters and herself. A．original B．central C．subjunctive D．oriental 31．Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works ______. A ． industrially B ． industriously C ． consciously D．purposefully 32．I don't think it's sensible of you to ______ your greater knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may well offend her. A．show up B．show off C．show out D．show away 33．______, he did become annoyed with her at times. A．Much as he liked her B．As he liked her much C．Although much he liked her D．Much although he liked her

34．If we don't stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will ______. A．empowered B．punished C．polluted D．annihilated 35．One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic. A．invent B．stimulate C．renovate D．advocate 36．When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson ______ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. A．took to B．took up C．took on D．took in 37．In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or ______ for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic program for the reading skills. A．appointed B．assembled C．acknowledged D．adapted 38．In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe ______ Europe into a bloody war. A．imposed B．plunged C．pitched D．inserted 39．The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______. A．privileges B．efficiency C．revenues D．validity 40．The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in ______ again next spring. A．convention B．conference C．session D．assembly Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:

On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊)removed by surgeons operating, via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient. In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc., that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week. The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeon's movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time. France Telecom's engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room,” says Marescaux. The successful collaboration (合作)among medicine, advanced technology, and telecommunications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world. Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure

as the beginning of a “third revolution” in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen (腹部)and thorax (胸腔)do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms (计算法)enhance the safety of the surgeon's movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance — currently several meters in the operating room—could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers. 41．The title that best expresses the main idea is ______. A．How The Second Revolution in Surgery Comes Out B．The Telesurgery Revolution C．A Patient Was Saved D．Dream Comes True 42．The italicized word “telesurgery” (Para. 1, Sentence 2) can be best explained as ______. A．an operation done over a distance B．an operation done on television C．an operation demanding special skill D．an operation demanding high technology 43．How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation? A．24 hours B．48 hours C．about a week D．almost a month 44．What is the major barrier to telesurgery? A．distance B．advanced technology C．delay D．medical facilities 45．The writer implies that ______. A．difficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world now

B．compared to the “third revolution” in surgery, the first two are less important C．all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operation D．a new breakthrough has been made in surgery Passage Two Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: The multi-billion-dollar western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著) ,” said the UN's 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998． The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle,” the study says. Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). “Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of ‘recreational’ drug use,” it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars —including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs—have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household,” the study says. The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues —especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization

—which encourages,rather than prevents, drug abuse. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,” says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,” he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway. The present study, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed. 46．Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with? A．The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle. B．The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond country boundaries. C．No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse. D．The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture. 47．The italicized phrase “under fire” (Para. 1, Sentence 1) means ______. A．in an urgent situation B．facing some problems C．being criticized D．quite popular 48．Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose? A．They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models. B．They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs. C．They try to confront the deadly effect of “recreational” drug use.

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