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2004 年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案 (总分 100, 考试时间 90 分钟) Part Ⅰ Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was ______. torrent transient tensile textured A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:B 2. Nobody knew how he came up with this ______ idea about the trip. weary twilight unanimous weird A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:D 3. The flower under the sun would ______ quickly without any protection. wink withhold wither widower A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:C 4. The ______ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance. A B C D segregation specification spectrum subscription

该问题分值: 1 答案:A 5. He ______ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening. repealed A resented B relayed C D reproached 该问题分值: 1 答案:D 6. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a event. cholesterol charcoal catastrophic chronic A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:C 7. He cut the string and held up the two ______ to tie the box. segments sediments seizures secretes A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:A 8. All the musical instruments in the orchestra will be ______ before it starts. civilized chattered chambered chorded A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:D 9. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be ______. A commenced

compressed compromised compensated B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:B 10. She made two copies of this poem and posted them ______ to different publishers. sensationally simultaneously strenuously simply A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:B 11. The ______ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country. clash clarify clarity clatter A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:C 12. Business in this area has been ______ because prices are too high. prosperous secretive slack shrill A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:C 13. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was ill and had no money. plight polarization plague pigment A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:A 14.

He added a ______ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm. presidency prestige postscript preliminary A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:C 15. Some linguists believe that the ______ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8. optimistic optional optimal oppressed A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:C 16. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the ______ of their cities. paradises omissions orchards outskirts A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:D 17. The meeting was ______ over by the mayor of the city. presumed proposed presented presided A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:D 18. The crowd ______ into the hall and some had to stand outside. A. outgrew B, overthrew C. overpassed D. overflew B A 该问题分值: 1 C D

答案:C 19. It was clear that the storm ______ his arrival by two hours. retarded retired refrained retreated A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:A 20. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes ______ over all the other issues. precedence prosperity presumption probability A B C D 该问题分值: 1 答案:A Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says. Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes. "No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government--individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but

there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well." Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks ... if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes. Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices find the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade., and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes. 21. Which of the following is true about Olson? A B C D 该问题分值: 2 答案:B He was a fiction write He edited the book Power and Prosperit He taught economics at the University of Marylan He was against the ownership of private propert Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth buildin Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual right Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the societ In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're 22. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view? A B C D poo 该问题分值: 2 答案:A 23. What does Olson think about mass production? A B C It's capital intensiv It's property intensiv It relies on individual labo

It relies on individual skill D 该问题分值: 2 答案:B 24. What is the basis for the banking system? A B C D 该问题分值: 2 答案:A Contract system that can be enforce People's willingness to deposit money in bank The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrower The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loan 25. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries? A B C D 该问题分值: 2 答案:B government intervention lack of secure individual rights being short of capital lack of a free market Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being. 26. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______. A B C D 该问题分值: 2 答案:B is to send them to clinics offers recapture of earlier experiences is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced 27. The child in the nursery ______. A B C D 该问题分值: 2 答案:B quickly learns to wait for food doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervals always accepts the rhythm of the world around him always feels the word around him is warm and friendly 28. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______. A B C D 该问题分值: 2 答案:D can never be taken too far should be left to school teachers will always assist their development should be balanced between two extremes 29. Jigsaw puzzles are ______. A B C too difficult for children a kind of building-block toy not very entertaining for adults

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2004年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案.doc

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