2004 年上海华东师范大学生态学考研真题 一、名词解释 1.种群 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2.优势种 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3.生命表 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4.领域 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5.内禀增长力 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 6.艾伦法则 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 7.边缘效应 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 8.生态位 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 9.营养级 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 10.湿地 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 二、简述题 1.简评 Gause 竞争原理 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 

2.简述生物群落的五大基本特征 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3.什么是最小因子定律和耐受定律，请举例说明 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 三、论述题 1.试描述林德曼（LindemanR.L.）针对生态系统物质生产所做的湖泊试验，并阐述生态系统 中能量流的十分之一定律。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2.利用生态对策理论（r-对策，k-对策）简述保护大熊猫和中华鲟的不同拯救对策 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3.我国从 2000 年开始实行退耕还林政策，请简述从农田生态系统到森林生态系统演替过程 中，鸟兽群落演替的几个基本阶段及其特征 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________