2002 年上海华东师范大学环境科学概论考研真题 一、 填空题（每空 0.5 分，共计 10 分） 1 人类环境宣言于（）年在（）市制订。 2 污水综合排放标准中第一类污染物包括∶（）（）（）（）和（） 3 城市区域环境噪声标准适用区域有六类，它们分别是∶（）（）（）（）（）和（） 4 影响空气污染的气象因素有∶（）（）（）和（） 5 生密多样性三个主要组成部分（）（）（） 二、名词解释题（每题 2 分，共计 10 分） 1 环境要素最小限值律 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2 环境本底值 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3 空年二次污染物 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4 三同时 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 

5 巴塞尔公约 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 三、简答题（每题 5 分，共计 30 分） 1 二次能源及其举例 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2 水体的氧垂曲线和 DO 的变化过程 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3 水体重金属的污染特点及其主要污染事件 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4 从四种划分类型简介大气污染源 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5 降温率与排烟类型的关系 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________________ 6 固体废弃物处理处置的一般方法 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 四、 叙述题（每题 10 分，共计 50 分） 1 叙述生态系统的组成部分及其主要作用 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2 叙述能源利用对生态和环境的影响情况 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3 叙述废水有机污染指标中 BOD、COD 和 TOC 的内涵及其应用特点 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4 叙述全球变暖的原因及其对人类的影响 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5 叙述臭氧层平衡的原因及其危害 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

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