2002 年上海华东师范大学史学理论考研真题
一、名词解释(每题五分,共二十分)∶
1,《史通》
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2,章学诚
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3,年鉴学派
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
4,历史主义
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
二、评述题(每题十分,共二十分)∶
1,"一切真历史都是当代史"。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2,"历史就是过去与现在之间无休止的对话"。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
三、标点下列两段文字,并对作者的观点略加概括(每题十分,、共二十分)∶
1,夫人寓形天地其生也若蜉蝣之在世如白驹之过隙犹且耻当年而功不立疾没世而名不闻上
起帝王下穷匹庶近则朝庭之士远则山林之客谅其于功也名也莫不汲汲焉孜孜焉夫如是者何
哉皆以图不朽之事也何者而称不朽乎盖书名竹帛而已向使世无竹帛时阙史官虽尧舜之于桀
纣……但一同物化坟土未干则善恶不分妍媸永灭者矣苟史官不绝竹帛长存则其人已亡杏成
空寂而其事如在皎同星汉用使后之学者坐披囊箧而神交万古不出户庭而穷览千载……由斯
而言史之为用其利甚博乃生人之急务为国家之要道有国有家者其可缺之哉
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2,能具史识者必知史德德者何谓著述之心术也夫秽史者 所以自秽谤书者所以自谤素行为人
所差文辞何足取重魏收之矫诬沈约之隐恶读其书者先不信其人其患未至于甚也所患夫心术
者谓其有君子之心而所养未底于粹也大贤以下所不能免也此而犹患于心术自非夫子之春秋
不足当也以此责人不亦难乎是亦不然也盖欲为良史者当慎辨于天人之际尽其天而不益以人
也盖尽其天而不益以人虽未能至苟允知之亦足以称著述者之心术矣
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
四、论述题(每题二十分,共四十分)∶
1,以梁启超和王国维为例,说明中国近代新史学在史学理论和史学方法论方面的主要建树。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2,在中国近代史学史上,有人主张"史学便是史料学",因此在具体的研究过程中,应该"
一分材料出一分货,十分材料出十分货,没有材料便不出货",要彻底摒除研究者自身的主
观意见;另有人则认为,历史研究者应该在研究的过程中尽可能地发挥自己的主观能动性,
要对所研究的对象作"了解之同情",并通过"神游冥想",使自己与研究对象"处于同一境界"。
请从历史认识论的角度,谈谈你对上述两种看法的意见。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________