2015江苏南京航空航天大学英语考研真题.doc

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2015 江苏南京航空航天大学英语考研真题 I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. Why didn’t you buy it ?” “I _______ but I didn’t have the money.” A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought 2. The board deemed it urgent that these files ______ right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed 3. I have heard both colleagues and boss ______ well of him. A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak 4. Jean worked just so much ________. A. like what she was told to B. as she was told to C. as to what she tried to do D. like she was told to 5. This union, ______ the 1990’s, provides financial assistance to support laid-off workers. A. when it was founded B. was founded C. which was founded in D. was founded in 6. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, ______ the behavior of animal depends mainly on instinct. A. so B. unless C. however D. whereas 7. He ______ the meeting, but upon learning that they would discuss something irrelevant to his field of study,he dropped the idea. A. were going to attend B. had attended C. were to attend D. would have attended 8. The computer is the only one _____ to issue tickets on the plane. A. to allow B. allowed C. allowing D. to have allowed 9. So confused ____ that he didn’t know how to start his lecture. A. since he became B. that he became C. would he become D. did he become 10. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit people ______ harm them. A. more than B. rather than C. other than D. better than 11. John said that he was going to _____ his wife home next year. A. advise B. accompany C. depart D. discard 12. Prices _______ because of the change in economic policy. A. flew B. skipped C. ran D. soared 13. If full credit were given to this part, it could _______ a high grade for the student in his physical course. A. belong to B. be due to C. subject to D. contribute to 14. The teacher wrote a brief comment in the ______ to show the student why it is wrong. A. mark B. margin C. mail D. manual 15. The response to our financial appeal _______ anything we expected. A. impressed B. surprised C. surpassed D. passed 16. Every autumn the bears can be seen ______ around this town of about 800 people.

A. wondering B. wandering C. winding D. wounding 17. The population bomb is a _______ that has already happened in some parts of the world, with terribleresults. A. distress B. miracle C. disaster D. giant 18. It is well admitted that the high _____ rate is caused in part by failure to communicate. A. unemployment B. birth C. divorce D. inflation 19. The educational plan will fail because it has no _______. A. vacation B. version C. vision D. variation 20．Mark offered to help me to learn English _______. A. on duty B. in vain C. on purpose D. in earnest II. Cloze (20 points) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. The United States has been working hard to __21__ Japan to make a momentous decision. __22__ Japan agrees, generations to come will curse ___23___ day. ___24___ the United States wants is for Japan to free its ___25___ forces for service overseas. ___26___recently, the Japanese government was being ___27___ by Washington to send their troops to Persian Gulf. ___28___ Tokyo said no, never. Then it said no, never,__29___.If Japanese soldiers go overseas to ___30___ the Persian Gulf forces or perhaps ___31___ some future U.N. peace-keeping mission, then we will have ___32___: the nightmare of the Japanese and hundreds of other Asians come ___33___. In violation of its ___34___, Japan’ s armed forces ___35___ no longer be ___36___up in a military closet ___37___ the key in civilian hands. Count ___38___ this : the Japanese army will again become a political force at home, a ___39___ threat to the delicate civilian equilibrium ___40___ now protects Japan’ s democratic society. 21. A. persuade B. order C. want D. hope 22. A. Because B. Since C. If D. Until 23. A. that B. a C. the D. any 24. A. Whether B. How C. When D. What 25. A. armed B. army C. arm D. arms 26.A. Least B. Only C. Little D. Most 27. A. put B. pushed C. placed D. stationed 28. A. And B. Now C. Or D. First 29. A. something B. maybe C. however D. really 30. A fight B. help C. send D. join 31. A. in B. to C. on D. for 32. A. below B.it C. them D. these 33. A. alive B. active C. along D. astir 34. A. government B. article C. report D. constitution 35. A. must B. will C. shall D. ought to

36. A. looked B. woken C. dreamed D. locked 37. A. with B. but C. by D. having 38. A. down B. off C. on D. up 39. A. military B. war C. constant D. social 40. A. but B. up to C. that D. just III. Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 A variety of simple techniques can prevent computer crime, but more sophisticated methods are also necessary to prevent computer crimes. One technique to protect confidentiality is encryption(加密) . Information can be scrambled and unscrambled using mathematical equations and a secret code called a key. Two keys are usually employed, one to encode and the other to decode the information. The key that encodes the data, called the private key, is possessed by only the sender. The key that decodes the data, called the public key, may be possessed by several receivers. The keys are modified periodically, further hampering unauthorized access and making the encrypted information difficult to decode or forge. Another technique to prevent computer crime is to limit access of computer data files to approved users.Access-control software verifies computer users and limits their privileges to view and alter files. Records can be made of the files accessed, thereby making users accountable for their actions. Military organizations give access rights to classified, confidential, secret, or top secret information according to the corresponding security clearance level of the user. Passwords are confidential sequences of characters that give approved users access to computers. To be effective, passwords must be difficult to guess. Effective passwords contain a mixture of characters and symbols that are not real words. Tokens are tamper-resistant plastic cards with microprocessor chips that contain a stored password that automatically and frequently changes. When a computer is accessed using a token, the computer reads the token’s password, as well as another password entered by the user, and matches these two to an identical token password generated by the computer and the user’s password, which is stored on a confidential list. In the future, passwords and tokens may be reinforced by biometrics (生物测定学), identification methods that use unique personal characteristics, such as fingerprints, skin oils, voice variations, and keyboard-typing rhythms. Computer networks, multiple computers linked together, are particularly vulnerable to computer crimes. Information on networks can be protected by a firewall, a computer placed between the networked computers and the network. The firewall prevents unauthorized users from gaining access to the computers on a network,

and it ensures that information received from an outside source does not contain computer viruses,self-replicating computer programs that interfere with a computer’ s functions. 41.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? A. There are many techniques used to prevent computer crime. B. People are eager to commit computer crime. C. Encryption is a useful technique to protect confidentiality. D. Password can prevent computer crime. 42. According to Paragraph 2, the keys are changed frequently in order to ______. A. encode more data B. decode more data C. give people more private keys D. make information difficult to decode 43. Which of the following passwords does not belong to biometrics? A. Numbers B. Fingerprints C. Skin oils D. Voice variations 44. “Vulnerable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “_______”. A. susceptible B. changeable C. valuable D. dependable 45.According to this passage, “firewall” refers to “ ______”. A. network functions B. access to information on a network C. a piece of device that protects the computers from being invaded or destroyed D. computer virus that can copy computer programs Passage 2 Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist. But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial difficulty, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues significantly. Raising tuition doesn’t bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of bad management but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business. It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools. There are abundant examples to the contrary. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation

could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Eager supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education. 46.In the passage, the author appeals to the public to support_____. A. private higher education in general B. public higher education in general C. high-quality private universities and colleges D. high-quality state universities and colleges 47. According to the passage, schools are bad businesses because of ______. A. the nature of school B. poor teachers C. bad management D. too few students 48. What does the phrase “go under (Par. 2, sentence 3) probably mean? A. Have low tuition B. Get into difficulties C. Do a bad job educationally D. Have high tuition 49. Which of the following statements is true? A. There are many cases to indicate that private schools are superior to public schools. B. The author thinks diversity of education is preferable to uniformity of education. C. A high-quality university is always a good business. D. Each time tuition is raised, the enrollment goes up. 50.In the author’s opinion, the way that can save private schools lies in _____. A. full enrollment B. raised tuition C. reducing student aid D. national support Passage 3 It started last year when a group of middle school children on a biology field trip in south-central Minnesota spotted some unusual-looking frogs. One was missing a leg, some had withered arms, others had shrunken eyes. Of the 22 frogs caught that day, 11 were deformed. Their teacher told officials. Reports of strange frogs began to mount: a frog with nine legs; a clubfooted frog; a frog with three eyes, one of them in its throat. At first, investigators from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency in St. Paul assumed that the problem was restricted to their state, and the agricultural part at that. They were wrong. Deformed frogs have since turned up in Wisconsin, South Dakota, Vermont and up into Canada. “Abnormalities like this get me worried,” says David Hoppe, a University of Minnesota researcher. “We don’t know how far this is going to go.” Because frogs spend much of their life in water, pesticides or harmful metals were prime suspects. But now possible causes include acid rain, global warming and increased ultraviolet light. Hoppe observes that different deformities seem to be concentrated in frogs from different regions. It may be, he says, that more than one cause is at work. What some scientists fear is that the frogs could be a sign that something is very wrong with the environment. “We may have a large problem here,”says Robert McKinnell, a University of Minnesota cancer researcher, who has collected hundreds of deformed frogs. “If frogs are not

able to handle whatever it is that is causing this,it may turn out that people can’ t either.” 51.What is the meaning of the word “deformed” in the first paragraph? A. Without form B. Form spoiled C. Form changed D. Formed again 52. The following are the possible causes of strange frogs EXCEPT ______. A. acid rain B. increased population C. global warming D. harmful metals 53. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Different deformities seem to be concentrated in frogs from different regions. B. Investigators declared that the problem of frogs was restricted to Minnesota. C. Unusual frogs were first discovered by researchers is Pollution Control Agency. D.Scientists fear that these frogs could be a sign of something wrong with frogs of past generation. 54. The following words appearing in the passage have similar meanings EXCEPT _____. A. unusual B. strange C. different D. wrong 55.Robert McKinnell’s remarks imply that ______. A. people cannot solve this problem since frogs cannot B. people do not have such a problem even if frogs have C. the reason for strange frogs is unknown D. there is a large problem with environment Passage 4 It was September of 1620 when their ship, called the “Mayflower” left port with 102 men, women and children on board. This was the worst season of the year for an ocean crossing, and the trip was very uneven. After sixty-five days at sea, she landed in Provincetown Harbor, Massachusetts. The Pilgrim leaders knew that they were in unsettled territory which had no governing body. They also knew that in order to survive, every society needed a means of establishing and enforcing proper rules of conduct. Partly to protect themselves from others, forty-one men aboard the ship held a meeting to choose their first governor and sign the historic Mayflower agreement, the first one for self-government in America. For about a month longer, the Pilgrims lived aboard ship and sent out parties to explore the coastline of the bay. They found a harbor, and cleared land, which was an Indian village, but a disease a few years earlier had killed the entire Indian population. Coming ashore in their small boat, the Pilgrims landed on a large rock later named Plymouth Rock. This was the beginning of the second permanent English settlement in America. The Pilgrims were poorly trained and poorly equipped to cope with life in the wilderness. During their first winter in the new land, they suffered a great deal. Poor food, hard work, diseases, and bitterly cold weather killed about half of them. By the end of this terrible first winter, only about fifty Plymouth colonists remained alive. One spring morning in 1621, an Indian walked into the little village of Plymouth and introduced himself in a friendly way. Later he brought the Indian chief, who offered assistance. The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to hunt fish, and grow food. Because of this help from the Indians, the Pilgrims had a good harvest. Then the

first Thanksgiving dinner was cooked and served out-of-doors, and the holiday was a great success. 56.which of the following well describes their trip? A. Happy and smooth B. uncomfortable and rough C. Uncomfortable but smooth D. Uneven and exciting 57. They decided to sign an agreement because ________. A. they needed rules for self-protection B. they wanted everyone to be a good person C. they needed a governor D. it was unsettled country 58. They stayed aboard for a month because ____. A. they were waiting for some help B. they were afraid of Indians C. they had to make some preparations shore D. they needed to make small boats 59. In the first winter, the Pilgrims _______. A. had a good time B. had a big harvest C. had a fight with Indians D. had a hard time 60.The relationship between the Pilgrims and the Indians could be best described as ______. A. very hostile B. indifferent C. friendly D. impartial IV. Translation (15 points) Directions: Translate the following passages. Please write your version in the correspondingspace on your Answer Sheet. 1.网上购物有助于改善环境，但是产品会更加复杂。欧洲最近一份报告总结说，电子商务对环境非常有利。例如，去商店买一张光盘使用的原材料和能量相当于制造六个铝制易拉罐。 2. 在探寻既现代又独具中国特色的风格时，可以保留、模仿或是忽略传统的建筑模式。在过去的 100 年中，新技术已改变了建筑的种种可能性。改进了的电梯使建筑师可以设计真正的摩天大楼，同事空调的发展已使得大型综合性建筑得以兴建。 3. To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years---even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. V. Writing (15 points) Directions: In this part you are to write a composition of 130—150 words about “ Is Failure a Bad Thing?” Your composition should be based on the following outline. 1. 失败是常有的事。 2. 人们对失败有各种不同的看法。 3. 你对失败的看法。

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