Dictionary of data management.pdf

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The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management 1st Edition 2008 Mark Mosley, Editor Technics Publications, LLC New Jersey

DAMA Dictionary of Data Management The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management is a glossary of over 800 terms, defining a common data management vocabulary for IT professionals, data stewards and business leaders. Copyright for the Dictionary is held by DAMA International, a non-profit association. All rights are reserved. No part of this CD or its contents may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from DAMA International, except for appropriately attributed quotations. The Dictionary was developed by members of DAMA International. For content inquiries, please contact Deborah Henderson at VP_Education@dama.org. DAMA International and the publisher have exercised care in the preparation of this document, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising from use of the information or programs contained herein. Under the support and control of DAMA International, the DAMA International Foundation is a 501(3) not-for-profit entity, whose mission is to foster the advancement of the data management profession through education and research. The Dictionary is the Foundation‟s first fundraising vehicle. By purchasing this electronic document, you are supporting further research and development in the field of data management. For further information about how you can support DAMA International, please contact info@dama.org. Copyright © 2008 by DAMA International. ISBN: 9780977140046 First Printing 2008 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Control Number: 2008900900 Published by: Technics Publications, LLC Post Office Box 161 Bradley Beach, NJ 07720 U.S.A. www.technicspub.com Copyright © 2008 by DAMA International. All rights reserved. page ii

DAMA Dictionary of Data Management Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................ vii Dictionary of Data Management ................................................................................................ 1 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... 1 Glossary .................................................................................................................................. 9 Topical Index ...................................................................................................................... 127 General........................................................................................................................................ 127 Finance & Accounting ................................................................................................................ 127 Business ...................................................................................................................................... 127 Marketing & Customer Relationship Management .................................................................... 127 Planning ...................................................................................................................................... 128 Project Management ................................................................................................................... 128 Knowledge Management ............................................................................................................ 128 Process Management .................................................................................................................. 128 Roles ........................................................................................................................................... 129 Information Technology ............................................................................................................. 129 Standards Organizations ............................................................................................................. 130 Data ............................................................................................................................................. 130 Data Management ....................................................................................................................... 130 DAMA & Professional Development ......................................................................................... 130 Data Governance and Stewardship ............................................................................................. 131 Architecture ................................................................................................................................ 131 Data Modeling ............................................................................................................................ 132 Normalization ............................................................................................................................. 133 Related Modeling and Analysis .................................................................................................. 133 Databases & Database Design .................................................................................................... 133 Structured Query Language (SQL) ............................................................................................. 133 Object-Orientation ...................................................................................................................... 134 Software Development ............................................................................................................... 134 Artificial Intelligence .................................................................................................................. 135 XML Development ..................................................................................................................... 135 Parallel Database Processing ...................................................................................................... 135 Database Administration ............................................................................................................ 135 Geospatial Data ........................................................................................................................... 136 Data Security Management......................................................................................................... 136 Data Movement & Integration .................................................................................................... 136 Data Warehousing & Business Intelligence ............................................................................... 137 Copyright © 2008 by DAMA International. All rights reserved. page iii

DAMA Dictionary of Data Management Analytics & Data Mining............................................................................................................ 137 Multi-dimensional / OLAP ......................................................................................................... 138 Reference & Master Data Management ..................................................................................... 138 Meta data Management............................................................................................................... 138 Data Quality Management .......................................................................................................... 138 Document, Record & Content Management............................................................................... 139 Semantic Modeling ..................................................................................................................... 140 Copyright © 2008 by DAMA International. All rights reserved. page iv

DAMA Dictionary of Data Management Preface DAMA International is pleased to publish the DAMA Dictionary of Data Management. This First Edition was originally drafted as the Glossary Appendix for the DAMA Guide to the Data Management Body of Knowledge (DAMA-DMBOK Guide, a trademark of DAMA International). The DAMA-DMBOK Guide will be a “definitive introduction” to data management, summarizing data management goals, principles, processes, deliverables, roles, technology, practices and organizational/cultural issues. Development of the DAMA- DMBOK Guide began in 2006, and the DAMA Foundation expects to publish the first edition of the DAMA-DMBOK Guide in 2009. The Glossary is an important integration tool guiding collaborative development of the DAMA-DMBOK Guide. The DAMA Executive Board also realized the value of the Glossary in its own right, and urged for the early completion and publishing of the Glossary as the DAMA Dictionary of Data Management. We offer the DAMA Dictionary of Data Management, a compendium of over 850 terms, to an industry in great need of clarity in its terminology and semantics. While experts may never reach 100% agreement, we believe there is general consensus agreement with these definitions across the data management profession. We hope the First Edition will be a useful tool for data management professionals, managers and business data stewards. DAMA International and The DAMA International Foundation wish to thank Mark Mosley for this important contribution to our profession. Mark is a Principal Consultant with Enterprise Warehouse Solutions, Inc., one of the leading data management consulting firms. His volunteer efforts to produce this document on behalf of DAMA are most appreciated. There will continue to be productive and valuable discussions over the meaning and use of data management terms. This First Edition provides a baseline for these discussions. As the definitions are continually refined and clarified, DAMA intends to update and publish regularly scheduled revisions of The Dictionary of Data Management. Your comments, concerns and contributions are welcomed. Please contact the editor at DAMA- DMBOKeditorinchief@dama.org to offer your suggestions for improvement. Deborah Henderson President, The DAMA International Foundation Vice President, Education Services DAMA International Toronto, Ontario March 2008 Copyright © 2008 by DAMA International. All rights reserved. page v

DAMA Dictionary of Data Management Acknowledgments Sir Isaac Newton once said, “If I have seen farther, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” As he said this, he also demonstrated it by paraphrasing what Robert Burton said 100 years earlier, “A dwarf standing on the shoulders of giants see farther than a giant himself.” Centuries before, a Roman poet wrote, “Pygmies placed on the shoulders of giants see more than the giants themselves.” This document was developed in this same spirit, building on the contributions made by countless data management professionals over many years. As professionals, we each continually struggle to clarify the meaning of the terms used in the publications we read, the presentations we attend and the discussions in which we participate. Over time we each build an integrated understanding, and together we come to consensus about the meaning of these terms. We advance the profession step by step as we discuss the meaning of our terms, compare our perspectives and learn from each other. The semantic challenges we face as a profession can be disheartening when progress is slow and difficult to notice. However, in the course of developing this Dictionary, I have been struck by how much consensus now exists about terms once considered more controversial. This is an indication of professional progress, achieved by the giants who precede us all. Some of those giants are well known and widely admired leaders in the field of data management. Others are relatively anonymous professionals who quietly influence their circle of colleagues. While developing this document, I surveyed several glossaries available through some of the leading data management publications and websites. My responsibility was to identify terms commonly used in the field of data management, compare definitions found in several sources, and then draft an original definition using the best ideas from each source and ensuring internal consistency with the definitions of closely related terms. No definition from any existing glossary was copied verbatim into this compendium, and no single source can be cited for a given definition. The DAMA-DMBOK Editorial Board reviewed this document, its terms and definitions, as part of its responsibility for general editorial policy guidance and review for the DAMA- DMBOK Guide (see Preface). I am deeply grateful to the members of these DAMA members for their volunteer time, effort and thoughtful feedback: Bobbie Adderson Michael Brackett Larry Burns Michael Connor Patricia Cupoli Alex Friedgan Lowell Fryman Mahesh Haryu Deborah Henderson Gil Laware James McQuade Michael G. Miller Catherine Nolan Kathy Sivier Anne Marie Smith Eva Smith Copyright © 2008 by DAMA International. All rights reserved. page vii

DAMA Dictionary of Data Management Of course there are unlimited opportunities for improvement to this document. I already recognize many shortcomings, and I am sure there many as yet unrecognized shortcomings as well. Any outright errors found are my own. I welcome your suggestions for improvements to be made in a Second Edition. Special thanks are due the Executive Boards of DAMA International and The DAMA International Foundation and the DAMA Chapter President‟s Council for their support of this endeavor. Finally, I personally wish to thank Deborah Henderson, DAMA International Foundation President, for her unwavering vision, confidence and encouragement. There could be no better sponsor for this effort. Mark Mosley Chicago, IL November 2007 Copyright © 2008 by DAMA International. All rights reserved. page viii

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