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2022-2023学年山东省青岛市莱西市高三上学期期末英语试题及答案.doc

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    2022-2023 学年山东省青岛市莱西市高三上学期期末英语试 题及答案 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上， 写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节：(共 15 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A If you have difficulty deciding on your book list, the ideas shared by some great talents might help you out. Read books from eras past // Alert Einstein Keeping up with current events and latest books from the bestseller list is a big job,but Albert Einstein thought it was vital to leave some room for older works,too.Otherwise,you’d be “completely dependent on the prejudices and fashions of your times,” he wrote in a 1952 journal article. “Somebody who reads only newspapers and at best books of contemporary authors looks to me like an extremely near-sighted person who scorns(拒绝)eyeglasses，” he wrote. Don’t jump too quickly from book to book //Seneca Seneca, a first-century Roman Stoic philosopher, believed that reading too wide a variety in too short a time would keep the teachings from leaving a lasting impression on you.“You must spend much time among a limited number of master thinkers,if you would gain ideas which shall win firm hold in your mind,” he wrote. Shop at secondhand bookstores/Virginia Woolf In her essay “Street Haunting,” Virginia Woolf described the benefits of
    shopping in secondhand bookstores,where the works“have come together in vast flocks of various feather, and have a charm which the carefully chosen books of the library lack.” According to Woolf,looking through used books gives you the chance to come across something that wouldn’t have risen to the attention of librarians and booksellers,who are often much more selective in building their collections than secondhand bookstore owners. You can skip outdated science works,but not old literature // Edward Lytton 19th-century British novelist and Parliamentarian Edward Lytton was a firm believer in the value of reading old literature. “In science,read,by preference,the newest works;in literature,the oldest,” he wrote in his 1863 essay collection,Caxtoniana.“The classic literature is always modem.New books revive and redecorate old ideas; old books suggest and invigorate new ideas.” 1. Who holds the idea that great works should be digested? A. Virginia Woolf. C. Alert Einstein. B. Seneca. D. Edward Lytton. 2. What attracted Virginia Woolf to secondhand bookstores? A. The lower price. C. A wider range. B. A more careful selection. D. The warmer service. 3. How does Edward Lytton find the classical literature? A. valuable. C. challenging. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 B. outdated. D. Interesting. 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一些伟大的天才关于如何选书的想法。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Don’t jump too quickly from book to book //Seneca 中的“Seneca, a first-century Roman Stoic philosopher, believed that reading too wide a variety in too short a time would keep the teachings from leaving a lasting impression on
    you. “You must spend much time among a limited number of master thinkers, if you would gain ideas which shall win firm hold in your mind,” he wrote. (公元一世纪 的古罗马斯多葛派哲学家 Seneca 认为，在短时间内读书太杂会让自己无法长久铭记从书中 获得的教益。他在给罗马作家卢西利厄斯的信中写道：“你必须花时间品读少数几位伟大思 想家的作品，这样才能让教益常驻心间。”) ”可知，Seneca 认为伟大的作品应该被消化。 故选 B 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Shop at secondhand bookstores/Virginia Woolf 中的“In her essay “Street Haunting,” Virginia Woolf described the benefits of shopping in secondhand bookstores, where the works “have come together in vast flocks of various feather, and have a charm which the carefully chosen books of the library lack. (弗吉尼亚·伍 尔夫在她的文章《街头漫步》中描述了在二手书店购物的好处，在那里各种书籍“像斑驳的 羽毛一样堆在一起，这种魅力正是图书馆里中规中矩的藏书所欠缺的”)”可知，范围更广 的图书引了弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫去二手书店。故选 C 项。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 You can skip outdated science works, but not old literature // Edward Lytton 中的“19th-century British novelist and Parliamentarian Edward Lytton was a firm believer in the value of reading old literature. (19 世纪英国小说家、 议会议员 Edward Lytton 是古文学价值的坚定信徒)”可知，Edward Lytton 认为古典文学 是有价值的。A. valuable. 有价值的；B. outdated. 过时的；C. challenging. 有挑战性 的；D. Interesting. 有趣的。故选 A 项。 B In life，once on a path，we tend to follow it，for better or worse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we often accept it anyway because we are so used to the way things are that wed don't even recognize that they could be different This is a phenomenon psychologist call functional fixedness. This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap: People are given a box of tacks (大 头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly.
    Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax. The psychologists had, of course, arranged it so that neither of these obvious approaches would work. The tacks are too short, and the paraffin (石蜡) doesn't stick to the wall. So how can you complete the task? The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle-holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall. and stand the candle inside it. To think of that, you have to look beyond the box's usual role as a receptacle just for tacks and re-imagine it serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from functional fixedness. The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrase“frozen thoughts”to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should. In Arendt's eyes, the self- content reliance on such accepted “truths”also made people blind to ideas that didn't fit their worldview, even when there was plenty of evidence for them. Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said,“It can be found in highly intelligent people.” 4. What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The experiment. C. The path. B. Functional fixedness. D. The thinking. 5. Which way is hard to think of to complete the task? A. Tacking the candle to the wall. B. Fixing the candle with melted wax. C. Using the tack box as a candle-holder. D. Lighting the candle to stand it. 6. Which of the following statements will Hannah Arendt agree with? A. People should question. B. We should be used to the way things are. C. People shouldn't accept the idea that doesn't fit their worldview. D. The smarter people are，the more open to the new things they are. 7. What's the passage mainly about?
    A. An interesting experiment B. A psychological phenomenon. C. A theory to be proved. D. The opinion of Hannah Arendt. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象的实验。 【4 题详解】 代词指代题。根据前一句 This is a phenomenon psychologist call functional fixedness. 可知这是一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。根据划线词所在句子 This classic experiment will give you an idea of how it works and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap:可知这个经典的实验将让你了解它是如何起作用的，还会让你 知道你是否会掉入同样的陷阱。结合上文可知这里的 it 就是前文的“(functional fixedness) 功能固着”，故选 B 项。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle-holder. ..from functional fixedness.可知成功实现的方法就是把钉盒用作烛台。 你需要把盒子清空，把它钉在墙上，然后把蜡烛放在里面。要考虑到这一点，你必须超越盒 子通常的作用，不再把它看作是一个仅仅是为了图钉而设计的盒子，而是把它重新想象成一 个有全新的用途的工具。这是困难的，因为我们都或多或少地承受着功能固着的痛苦。也就 是说把钉盒用作烛台这个方法是很难想到的。故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrase… also made people blind to ideas that didn't fit their worldview, even when there was plenty of evidence for them.”可知政治理论家汉娜·阿伦特创造了“冻结思维”一 词，它用来描述我们不再质疑、但应该质疑的根深蒂固的想法。阿伦特认为，自满的依赖这 些公认的事实使人们对不符合他们世界观的想法视而不见，即使有足够的证据支持这些想 法。由此可以推断汉娜·阿伦特会赞同“人们需要质疑”这个想法。故选 A 项。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出存在着一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。后几段介绍了一
    个经典实验让读者了解功能固着这种心理现象是如何起作用的，最后介绍了汉娜·阿伦特创 造了“冻结思维”一词，用来描述我们不再质疑、但应该质疑的根深蒂固的想法。全文都围 绕着功能固着这一心理现象在描写。故选 B 项。 C A new study says electronic toys are not helping babies learn. “Even if companies are marketing them as educational, they’re not teaching the babies anything at this time,” said the study’s author, Anna Sosa. She is a Northern Arizona University professor who heads the school’s Child Speech and Language Lab. Sosa and her fellow researchers listened to audio recordings of parents playing with their babies-aged 10 months to 16 months. There searchers compared the experiences when the children played with electronic toys, traditional toys such as blocks, or when the children looked at books. What they found is that parents talked less with their babies when the babies played with electronic toys. “The parents talked less, responded less and used fewer content specific words,” Sosa said. Why is this important? Sosa said research shows that how quickly children develop language is often based on what they hear from parents. When the infants played with electronic toys, parents said little to their children. But with traditional toys, such as blocks, parents shared the names and descriptions of the animals, colors and shapes as their children played, Sosa said. There was even more information given by parents as their babies looked at the pictures in books, the researcher also said. Sosa is not telling parents to throw out electronic toys. But she said parents should look at their infants’ play with such toys as entertainment, not a learning experience. Toy Industry Association spokeswoman Adrienne Appell responded to the study. She said it is important that parents make time to play with their children. “Playing is a way that kids can learn so much, not only cognitive (认知的) skills,
    but social and developmental skills,” she said. She added that play should be balanced, including time for just “make believe” activities, as well as traditional and electronic toys. 8. When toy companies promote sales, they usually stress their toys are ________. A. Amusing C. Educational B. Electronic D. Affordable 9. According to Anna Sosa, what is important for kids’ learning experiences? A. A good choice C. The past B. A must D. A risk 10. Which idea will Adrienne Appell probably share? A. Cognitive skills are the most important for kids to develop. B. Giving kids electronic toys sets time aside for parents to to something else. C. Traditional toys are giving way to electronic ones. D. Parents should get involved to make the toys a meaningful learning tool. 11. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Electronic Cars should be abandoned. B. Talking more about your kids’ toys is necessary. C. Abandoning your kids to electronic toys probably means little learning. D. How to choose toys for your kids is of great importance. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究表明，电子玩具对婴儿学习没有帮助。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Even if companies are marketing them as educational, they’ re not teaching the babies anything at this time(即使公司把它们宣传为有教育意义 的，但他们此时并没有教会婴儿任何东西)”可知，当玩具公司促销时，他们通常强调他们 的玩具是有教育意义的，故选 C。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“There searchers compared the experiences when the children played with electronic toys, traditional toys such as blocks, or when the children
    looked at books.(研究人员比较了孩子们玩电子玩具、积木等传统玩具和看书时的体验。)”， 第四段的“What they found is that parents talked less with their babies when the babies played with electronic toys.(他们发现，当婴儿玩电子玩具时，父母与婴儿的谈 话减少了。)”和第六段的“When the infants played with electronic toys, parents said little to their children. But with traditional toys, such as blocks, parents shared the names and descriptions of the animals, colors and shapes as their children played, Sosa said.(当婴儿玩电子玩具时，父母很少和他们的孩子说话。但对于传统玩具，如积木， 家长们在孩子玩的时候分享动物的名字和描述，颜色和形状，Sosa 说。)”可知，根据 Anna Sosa 的说法，一个好的选择对孩子的学习经历是重要的，故选 A。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“She said it is important that parents make time to play with their children.(她说，父母抽出时间和孩子一起玩很重要。)”，倒数第二段的 ““Playing is a way that kids can learn so much, not only cognitive (认知的) skills, but social and developmental skills,” she said.(“玩耍是孩子们可以学到很多东西 的一种方式，不仅是认知技能，还有社交和发展技能，”她说。)”和最后一段的“She added that play should be balanced, including time for just “make believe” activities, as well as traditional and electronic toys.(她补充说，玩耍应该是平衡的，包括“假 装”活动的时间，以及传统和电子玩具的时间。)”可知，Adrienne Appell 可能会分享的 观点是家长应该参与进来，让玩具成为有意义的学习工具。故选 D。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“A new study says electronic toys are not helping babies learn.(一项新的研究表明，电子玩具对婴儿学习没有帮助。)”可知，本文主要讲 的是一项新的研究表明，电子玩具对婴儿学习没有帮助，也就是“让你的孩子玩电子玩具可 能意味着学不到什么东西”。故选 C。 D More people who feel stressed about living in cities have been seeking protection in green spaces for the proven positive impacts on physical and mental health,but the benefits of “blue space”— the sea and coastline,but also rivers,lakes,canals,waterfalls,even fountains — are less well advertised, yet the science has kept in place for at least a decade: being by water is good for body
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