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2022-2023学年山东省青岛市高三上学期期末英语试题及答案.doc

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    2022-2023 学年山东省青岛市高三上学期期末英语试题及答 案 (时间:100 分钟，满分:120 分) 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡 上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 阅读 (共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节 (15 个小题，每题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Some are attracted to museums by the art and the culture — but if that isn’ t enough, there is always the strange! Cancún Underwater Museum No need to hold your breath to see this one. The Cancún Underwater Museum is, as the name suggests, underwater. More than 500 sculptures anchored in the ocean off Mexico are meant to illustrate the interplay of art and nature. Visitors can either admire the works through a glass-bottom boat or take a scuba diving tour. Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre With great attention to detail, New Zealand built the Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre, which exhibits original aircraft from the First and Second World Wars. Some belong to film director Sir Peter Jackson, who helped create the set designs with his team. Anyone interested in the pioneers of aviation should pay a visit to the museum in Blenheim. Tenement Museum At New York’s Tenement Museum, visitors can gain an insight into what life was like for immigrants and the working class in the city from the 1860s through to the
    1980s. The museum opened in 1992 and offers guided tours of two tenement buildings with recreated rooms, where costumed ‘residents’ enact the daily lives of the city’ s newcomers and workers over the period — leaps and bounds from the money makers of Wall Street. Cupnoodles Museum The Cupnoodles Museum in Yokohama, Japan, offers a treat: exhibits can be not only admired, but eaten. Visitors can work in the museum’s noodle workshop, refining creations with their favourite ingredients. While doing so, one can also learn the history of the ramen noodle, one of Japan’s most popular foods. 1. What is special about the Cancún Underwater Museum? A. The strange name. B. The number of sculptures. C. Works about art and nature. D. Ways of visiting it. 2. Which museum will attract visitors interested in hands-on activities? A. Cancún Underwater Museum. B. Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre. C. Tenement Museum. D. Cupnoodles Museum. 3. What do the four museums have in common? A. They are about art and history. B. They display aircraft from world wars. C. They have unusual features. D. They record immigrants’ daily lives. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个博物馆的独特之处。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据对 Cancún Underwater Museum 介绍中的“Visitors can either admire the works through a glass-bottom boat or take a scuba diving tour.(游客既可以乘坐玻 璃底船欣赏这些作品，也可以进行水肺潜水之旅)”可知，游客乘坐可以乘坐玻璃底船欣赏， 这是与其他的景点的独特之处。故选 D。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Cupnoodles Museum in Yokohama, Japan, offers a treat:
    exhibits can be not only admired, but eaten. Visitors can work in the museum’s noodle workshop, refining creations with their favourite ingredients.(日本横滨的杯面博 物馆提供了一种享受：展品不仅可以欣赏，还可以吃。游客可以在博物馆的面馆工作，用他 们最喜欢的食材提炼面条)”可知，Cupnoodles Museum 可以自己制作面条，有自己动手的 活动。故选 D。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Some are attracted to museums by the art and the culture — but if that isn’t enough, there is always the strange!(有些人被博物馆的艺术 和文化所吸引——但如果这还不够，还有奇怪的事情)”以及四个博物馆的介绍可推知，这 四个博物馆都有些独特的特征。故选 C。 B Elon Musk is a businessman, inventor and engineer and is undoubtedly, one of the leading figures in the world of technology. Musk was born in Pretoria, South Africa in 1971. At the age of 12, he taught himself how to programme computers. He was accepted to university in the United States where he completed a degree in Arts. After this, he started a PhD in physics at Stanford University. However, he dropped out to pursue his interest in startups and technology. He founded an online payment site that eventually would become a global company. In 2001 Musk began meeting with scientists to discuss the possibility of human habitation on Mars. Using his own fortune, Musk founded his company that designs rockets and space vehicles. It was the first privately owned company to do so. In 2012, the rockets made by the company docked with the International Space Station. Musk also received contracts from NASA, thus making history by proving that the concept of commercial space exploration was both possible and affordable. Another one of Musk’s innovations is the electric car. Musk started a company and became the CEO in 2008. The company is named after Nicolai Tesla, the Serbian-American inventor and physicist, who is best known for designing the AC electrical system. The cars made by Musk’s company are designed to end the dependence on fossil fuels and so reduce the negative effects of climate change and air pollution from cars.
    Why does Musk devote himself to such innovations? By creating opportunities to explore new planets, Musk believes that in the event of a major catastrophe on Earth, there would be the potential for the human race to continue elsewhere. On Earth, Musk’s inventions are designed to find renewable, environment-friendly solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing global population. 4. What can we learn about Musk? A. He learnt computer programmes from his teacher at 12. B. He graduated from Stanford University with a degree in physics. C. He received government support to found the space company. D. He named his company after a well-known scientist. 5. According to the author, what event was historic in Musk’s career? A. Getting achievements in arts. B. Founding an online payment site. C. Receiving contracts from NASA. D. Becoming CEO of two companies. 6. What is Musk’s motivation for his innovations? A. To expand human reach and protect the earth. B. To stimulate people’s curiosity about space. C. To realize his dream of becoming a leading figure. D. To make more profit and set up more companies. 7. Which of the following best describes Musk? A. Gifted and humorous. B. Curious and honest. C. Generous and considerate. D. Creative and responsible. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是商人、发明家以及工程师 Elon Musk 成功背后的故 事，尽管早年从斯坦福辍学，但是他勇于追求自己喜爱的事物，成为了两大公司的总裁，并 以自己的两大设计：火箭和电动汽车成为 21 世纪的先驱。 【4 题详解】
    细节理解题。根据第三段的“The company is named after Nicolai Tesla, the Serbian-American inventor and physicist, who is best known for designing the AC electrical system.(该公司以塞尔维亚裔美国发明家和物理学家 Nicolai Tesla 的名字命 名，他以设计交流电气系统而闻名。)”可知，Musk 以一位著名科学家的名字命名他的公司。 故选 D。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Musk also received contracts from NASA, thus making history by proving that the concept of commercial space exploration was both possible and affordable.(Musk 还获得了美国宇航局的合同，从而创造了历史，证明了商业太空探索的 概念是可能的，也是负担得起的。)”可知，在 Musk 的职业生涯中接受 NASA 的合同是历史 性的，故选 C。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“By creating opportunities to explore new planets, Musk believes that in the event of a major catastrophe on Earth, there would be the potential for the human race to continue elsewhere. On Earth, Musk’s inventions are designed to find renewable, environment-friendly solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing global population.(通过创造探索新行星的机会，Musk 认为，如果 地球上发生重大灾难，人类将有可能在其他地方继续生存。在地球上，Musk 的发明旨在寻 找可再生、环保的解决方案，以应对全球人口不断增长的挑战。)”可知，Musk 创新的动机 是扩大人类所能及的范围，保护地球。故选 A。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“He founded an online payment site that eventually would become a global company.(他创立了一个在线支付网站，最终成为一家全球性公司。)”和 第三段的“Another one of Musk’s innovations is the electric car.(Musk 的另一项 创新是电动汽车。)”可知，Musk 是有创造力的；根据最后一段的“On Earth, Musk’s inventions are designed to find renewable, environment-friendly solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing global population.(在地球上，马斯克的发明旨在寻 找可再生、环保的解决方案，以应对全球人口不断增长的挑战。)”可知，他保护地球，是 负责任的，因此用 creative(有创造力的)和 responsible(负责的)来描述 Musk。故选 D。 C
    Though they may not know it, about half a billion people depend on the ecosystems created and sustained by corals. And with climate change threatening coral’s survival, marine scientist Enric Sala had a goal that might have seemed impossible. “We wanted to get into a time machine, go back hundreds of years and actually see a coral reef like they used to be everywhere, before we started exploiting, polluting and killing them,” Sala said. The goal was made possible during an expedition Sala led in 2009. The team traveled to a corner of the South Pacific Ocean, to see if the almost untouched reefs held any clues to bringing damaged reefs in other parts of the ocean back to health. “The bottom was covered by thriving coral. Vivid colors surrounded me－purples, reds, oranges, yellows and greens. It was so beautiful,” Sala said. His team presented their findings to officials in the island country of Kiribati. The government took steps to protect the waters from fishing. But between 2015 and 2016, record levels of ocean warming damaged half the coral reefs the team had been studying. After hearing that news, they lost hope for the health of coral reefs. Last year, they went in for another dive. Despite the reported conditions, the reef had somehow restored itself, filled with life and color once more. Sala and his team were overjoyed. This is something that Sala says can be owed to two key factors. The first is, thankfully, half of the corals had not died. Despite the rise in temperatures, there were enough surviving corals left behind to help reproduce the reefs. The second was the Kiribati government’s decision to fully protect those waters. “It has an abundance of fish. So they were eating all the algae (藻类) that would cover the dead corals, and make it impossible for the corals to come back, which is what happens in other places like the Caribbean,” Sala explained. 8. What seemingly impossible goal does Sala have? A. Educating the public to protect the ecosystems. B. Calling on people to actively respond to climate change. C. Going to old days when corals were in healthy condition.
    D. Leading an expedition to the South Pacific Ocean. 9. What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 6 refer to? A. The bad news. B. The second diving. C. The reef’s restoration. D. The cheerful mood. 10. What can we infer about Caribbean from Sala’s words? A. There is abundant fish in its ocean. B. Algae lie thick over corals there. C. Global warming does little harm to its marine life. D. Corals come back to life thanks to government’s efforts. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Kiribati—A Country of Biodiversity B. A Scientist’s Love for Diving C. The Coral Reef Restored Itself D. Ocean Warming Bothered Government 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了随着气候变化威胁到珊瑚的生存，海洋科学家 Sala 有了一个看似不可能的目标，他想和自己的团队回到过去看到原本的珊瑚礁的样子。去年潜 水时，他们很开心地看到了珊瑚礁自己已恢复。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段““We wanted to get into a time machine, go back hundreds of years and actually see a coral reef like they used to be everywhere, before we started exploiting, polluting and killing them,” Sala said. (Sala 说:“我们想进入时光机， 在我们开始开采、污染和杀死珊瑚礁之前，我们真的看到了一个珊瑚礁，就像它们曾经无处 不在一样。”)”可知，Sala 似乎不可能实现的目标是回到过去，去看看曾经未破坏的珊瑚 礁，所以 C 选项符合题意。故选 C。 【9 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段“Despite the reported conditions, the reef had somehow restored itself, filled with life and color once more. Sala and his team were overjoyed. (尽管有报道的情况，珊瑚礁不知怎么地自己恢复了，再次充满了生命和色彩。 Sala 和他的团队欣喜若狂)”可知，代词 This 指代前文所描述的珊瑚礁恢复的好消息。故
    选 C。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““It has an abundance of fish. So they were eating all the algae (藻类) that would cover the dead corals, and make it impossible for the corals to come back, which is what happens in other places like the Caribbean,” Sala explained. (Sala 解释道：“那里有丰富的鱼。所以它们吃了所有的藻类，这些藻类会覆盖 死珊瑚，使珊瑚不可能回来，这就是加勒比海等其他地方发生的事情。”)可推知，加勒比海 域里也有丰富的鱼，它们吃掉了覆盖在珊瑚上的藻类，从而使得珊瑚恢复。故选 A。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了随着气候变化威胁到珊瑚的生存，海洋科学家 Sala 有了一个看似不可能的目标，他想和自己的团队回到过去看到原本的珊瑚礁的样子。 去年潜水时，他们很开心地看到了珊瑚礁自己已恢复。所以 C 选项“The Coral Reef Restored Itself（珊瑚礁自己恢复）”符合本篇文章的标题。故答案为 C。 D “Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea. One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”, or become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful. Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole.
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