2004 年上海华东师范大学西方哲学考研真题 一、名词和命题（50 分） 1、原子和虚空 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2、上帝存在的本体论证明 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3、因信称义 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4、我思故我在 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 5、绝对精神 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 6、人类理智发展的三阶段规律掌 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 7、皮尔士原则 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 8、制定法则的科学和描述特征的科学 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 9、意向性 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 10、本体论的承诺 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 二、简答题∶（40 分） 1、休谟认为，只有多次的经验才能形成因果观念，为什么? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 

2、如何理解维特根斯坦的"意义即用法"的主张? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3、海德格尔的基本存在论（本体论）在什么意义上是基本的? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4、伽达默尔的诠释学如何看待传统和权威的问题? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 三、问答题（40 分） （1） 柏拉图理念论的基本思想是什么?亚里斯多德是如何批判理念论的? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ （2） 逻辑实证主义是如何拒斥形而上学的? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 四、原著分析题∶（20 分） 康德在《纯粹理性批判》第二版序言中说，"到现在为止，大家都是认定我们的知识必须依 照对象。在这个前提之下进行了多次试验，想通过概念建立某种关于对象的先天判断，从而 扩大我们的知识，可是这些试验统统失败了。那么，我们不妨换一个前提试一试，看看是不 

是把形而上学的问题解决得更好一些。这就是假定对象必须依照我们的知识。这个假定就比 较符合我们的期望，我们正是盼望着能有一种关于对象的先天知识，在对象向我们呈现之前， 就确定了某种关于对象的东西。这个设想同哥白尼当初的想法非常近似，……。" 问∶你如何解读这段文献? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________