2001 年上海华东师范大学自然地理学考研真题 一、名词解释（每题 2 分） 1.太阴历 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 2.水分循环 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 3.枯水径流 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 4.土壤 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 5.河漫滩 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 6.岩石圈 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 7.季风 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 8.反气旋 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 9.风化壳 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 10.生态系统 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 二、简答题（每题 4 分） 1.简述海洋性气候与大陆性气候的基本特征。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 

2.板块边界有哪些基本类型，各有什么基本特征? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 3.依据湖水与径流的关系，湖泊是怎样分类的，并各举一例说明。（用我国的湖泊） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 4.我国水资源有哪些主要特征。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 5.影响土壤发育及其特点的主要因素有哪些? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 三、论述题 1.何谓垂直带谱?为何随低纬到高纬的变化，垂直带谱的带幅减小，带谱结构趋于简单?（10 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 2.海岸带的主要动力有哪三种?以他们为主能够形成何种地貌?各举一例并论述该种动力对 所例举的海岸地貌的发育作用。（15 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 3.河川径流形成可分三个主要阶段∶1.停蓄阶段 2.漫流阶段 3.河槽集流阶段，试从这三个 典型阶段论述流域内不断增强的人类活动对洪水灾害的影响及其机制。（15 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 4.试从自然地理学的角度，论述影响长江三角洲和黄河三角洲发育的主要因素有哪些差异， 并论述这两个三角洲地区当今社会与经济可持续发展中面临的主要资源和环境问题。（20 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________