2018 年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题 A 卷 第一部分：语言学(90 分) I.Define the following terms. Use examples where necessary.(共 10 题，每题 2 分，共 20 分) 1. morpheme 2. meronymy 3. sentence meaning 4. performatives 5.consonants 6. syntax 7.entailment 8. concord 9. pragmatics 10.syntagmatic relation II. Describe the following sound segments in English.(共 5 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分) 1.[n] 2.[f] 3.[e] 4.[j] 5.[A] Ⅲ. True or False questions. Write T for true statements and F for false ones. (共 10 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分) ()1.In the phonemic approach to phonology,linguists faced with an array of soundsusuallyuse the three criteria,i.e.,complementary distribution,phonetic similarity and free variation in deciding whether these sounds belong to the same morpheme. ()2.Speech Act Theory is launched by the Oxford philosopher John L. Austin whose posthumous work How to Do Things with Words(1962)has an enormous impact on linguistic philosophy, and thereby on linguistics,especially in its pragmatic variant. ()3.Whenpeoplespeakingdifferentlanguagescometogetherforacommon for instance, business, education or international affairs,they may need to agree on speaking a common language so that they could understand each other. The language chosen, then, is called a lingua franca. ()4.Style is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to varieties according to use, and is analyzed on three dimensions: field of discourse, mode of discourse and tenor of discourse ()5.Psycholinguistics is principally an integration of the fields of psychology and linguistics, and is the study of how individuals comprehend, produce,acquire, store purpose, 

and retrieve language. ()6.Single wordsandcompletesentencesare notconstituents. ( )7.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthat presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is neglected, the original presupposition is still true. ()8.Pairsofwordslikebuy-sellandlend-borrowbelongtocomplementary antonymy. ( )9.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. ()10.Sociolinguistics is interested in terms of“address”because they offer some socio-cultural information about the type of relationship between the speaker and hearer. IV.Multiple Choice.(共 10 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分) 1.Of the three cavities. is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds. A. nasal cavityB. pharynx cavity C.oral cavity D.lung cavity 2.A speaker may change from one language(varieties of language)to another according to his subject matter, the required formality and other factors in the course of communication. This linguistic behavior is referred to as A.bilingualismB. code-switchingC.dialect D.register 3. is one of the suprasegmental features. A.StopB.VoicingC.Deletion D. Tone 4. Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription with A.diacritics B.distinctive features C(. voicing D.articulation 5.In P.Grice's Cooperative Principle,the maxim of means that you should make our contribution one that is true when you are talking with someone. A.qualityB. quantityC. relevance D.manner 6. Which of the following consonants does not exist in English? A.dental stopB. bilabial stopC.alveolar stop D. velar stop 7.Inthe construction, there are more than one head which are all of equal syntactic status and no one is dependent on the other. A.endocentric B.exocentric1C.subordinate D.coordinate 8. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for.is known as the theory. A.integrated B.sense relations C. propositional logic D.referential 9.Ogden and Richards propose a theory that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct, but it is mediated by A.triangle B. concept C.meaning D.relation 10.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is called A.social dialect B.regional dialect C.temporal dialect D. idiolect V.Draw labeled tree diagrams for the following constructions.(共 2 题，每题 5 

分，共 10 分) 1.in the forest 2. The girl wears a red scarf. VI.Answer the following questions briefly.(共 2 题，每题 5 分，共 10 分) 1. In what way do we say English is an inflectional language? 2.Study the pronunciation of the plural forms of the following nouns in each group and discuss the rules that govern them. a)tables, beds, pillows, sofas b)seats, bunks, cups, quilts c)benches, bridges, mattresses, cases VⅡI. Discuss the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary.(共 2 题，每题 10 分，共 20 分) 1.Language has several basic functions and metafunctions. Discuss them. 2.If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different. Give your comment on the statement. 第二部分：文学(60 分) I.Term Definition.(共 4 题，每题 5 分，共 20 分) 1.Harold Pinter 2. King Lear 3.Beat Writers 4.Local Colorist ⅡI.Answer the following questions briefly. (共 2 题，每题 10 分，共 20 分) 1.What are the differences between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson? 2.In what ways is Charles Dickens defined as a critical realist? ⅢI.Short Essay Construction. (共 20 分) Read the following sonnet and make comments on it in about 300 words. When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes, I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf Heaven with my bootless cries, And look upon myself, and curse my fate, Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, Featured like him, like him with friends possessed, Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope, With what I most enjoy contented least: Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, Haply I think on thee,—and then my state (Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth) sings hymns at heaven's gate; For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with kings'.