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P-CAD 2004 PCB User's Guide.pdf
Introduction to P-CAD PCB
P-CAD PCB Features
About this Guide
About P-CAD PCB (6/400)
Installation and Setup
System Requirements
Installing P-CAD Products
PCB Basics
About the User Interface
View Commands
Using Layers
Object/Action Interaction
Placing Objects
Selecting Objects
Editing Objects
Properties
Right Mouse Commands
Loading and Saving Files
Tutorial - PCB Design Session
Introduction
Setting up the workspace
Object placement
Placing components
Selecting objects
Modifying objects
Changing object properties
Initial board layout
Routing connections
Other options
Design verification
Generating reports
Printing and plotting your design
Generating manufacturing files
Documentation Tools
Documenting a Design with Document Toolbox
Printer & Plotter Setup
Printing
Routing
Routing Features
Selecting a Route Tool
Routing Setup
Point-to-Point Routing
General Routing Features
Manually Routing Connections
Interactive Routing
Miter Routing
Modifying Routes
Route Bus
MultiTrace Routing
Route Fanout
Maximize Hugging/Minimize Length
Visible Routing Area
Shortcut Menu Commands
Options Configure Route Tab
Online DRC:
Auto Routing
Introduction to the Shape-Based Router
Routing with Quick Route
Design Verification
Introduction to Design Verification
Setting Up DRC Rules
Configuring DRC
Online DRC
Using DRC Error Annotation
CAM
Introduction to CAM
Gerber Output
Gerber Verification
Deleting Gerber Layer Information
Creating a Padmaster Gerber File
N/C Drill Output
Creating a Drill Symbol Legend
Copper Pours
Introduction to Copper Pours
Properties
Islands
Repour
Connectivity
Setting Backoff
Thermals
Circles
Routing
Auto Plowing
Overlapping Pours
Interapplication Functions
Introduction to Interapplication Functions
DDE Hotlinks
ECOs
Starting Other P-CAD Applications
Customizing P-CAD PCB
File Commands
Introduction to File Commands
File New
File Open
File Close
File Save
File Save As
File Clear
File Print
File Print Setup
File Reports
File Design Info
File Design Technology Parameters
File Import Shape Route
File Import Gerber
File Import DXF
File Import PDIF
File Import IDF
File Export Shape Route
File Export Gerber
File Export N/C Drill
File Export DXF
File Export PDIF
File Export IDF
File Export RFQ Format
File Exit
Edit Commands
Using the Edit Commands
Edit Undo
Edit Redo
Edit Cut
Edit Copy
Edit Copy to File
Edit Paste
Edit Move By RefDes
Edit Move to Layer
Edit Properties
Edit Delete
Edit Copy Matrix
Edit Explode Component
Edit Alter Component
Edit Align Components
Edit Select All
Edit Deselect All
Edit Highlight
Edit Unhighlight
Edit Unhighlight All
Edit Select Highlighted
Edit Fix
Edit Rooms
Edit Components
Edit Nets
Edit Measure
Edit Select
Selection Reference Point
View Commands
Using the View Commands
View Redraw
View Extent
View Last
View All
View Center
View Zoom In
View Zoom Out
View Zoom Window
View Jump Location
View Jump Text
View Command Toolbar
View Placement Toolbar
View Route Toolbar
View Custom Toolbar
View Prompt Line
View Status Line
View Snap to Grid
Place Commands
Using the Place Commands
Place Autoplace
Place Component
Place Connection
Place Pad
Place Via
Place Line
Place Arc
Place Polygon
Place Point
Place Copper Pour
Place Cutout
Place Keepout
Place Plane
Place Room
Place Text
Place Attribute
Place Field
Place Dimension
Route Commands
Using the Route Commands
Route Autorouter
Route View Log
Route Manual
Route Interactive
Route Miter
Options Commands
Using the Options Commands
Options Selection Mask
Options Configure
Options Grids
Options Display
Options Preferences
Options Layers
Options Current Line
Options Current Keepout
Options Current Radius
Options Design Rules
Options Net Classes
Options Pad Style
Options Via Style
Options Text Style
Library Commands
Using the Library Commands
Library New
Library Alias
Library Copy
Library Delete
Library Rename
Library Setup
Library Pattern Save As
Library Archive Library
Utils Commands
Using the Utils Commands
Utils Renumber
Utils Force Update
Utils Record ECOs
Utils Import ECOs
Utils Export ECOs
Utils DRC
Utils Find Errors
Utils Load Netlist
Utils Generate Netlist
Utils Compare Netlist
Utils Optimize Nets
Utils Reconnect Nets
Utils Trace Clean-up
Utils Shortcut Directory
Utils P-CAD Schematic
Utils P-CAD Library Executive
Utils P-CAD Pattern Editor
Utils P-CAD Symbol Editor
Utils P-CAD InterPlace/PCS
Utils P-CAD Signal Integrity
Utils P-CAD AutoRFQ
Utils Customize
DocTool Commands
Using the DocTool Commands
DocTool Place Table
DocTool Place Design View
DocTool Place Detail
DocTool Place Diagram
DocTool Place Picture
DocTool Titles
DocTool Notes
DocTool Update
DocTool Update All
DocTool Mirror On Copy
Macro Commands
Using the Macro Commands
Macro Setup
Macro Record
Macro Delete
Macro Rename
Macro Run
Recording Efficient Macros
Other Macro Features
Macro File Syntax
Window Commands
Using the Window Commands
Window New Window
Window Cascade
Window Tile
Window Arrange Icons
Selecting a Window
Help Commands
Help P-CAD PCB Help Topics
How to Use Help
Series II Commands
About P-CAD PCB
Keyboard Reference
Keyboard Shortcuts in P-CAD PCB
P-CAD System Messages
Error Messages
Warning Messages
Index
Index
PCB Design
Copyrights
Software, documentation and related materials:
Copyright © 2004 Altium Limited
This software product is copyrighted and all rights are reserved. The distribution and sale of this
product are intended for the use of the original purchaser only per the terms of the License
Agreement.
This document may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, reduced
or transferred to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without prior consent in writing
from Altium Limited.
U.S. Government use, duplication or disclosure is subject to RESTRICTED RIGHTS under applicable
government regulations pertaining to trade secret, commercial computer software developed at
private expense, including FAR 227-14 subparagraph (g)(3)(i), Alternative III and DFAR 252.227-7013
subparagraph (c)(1)(ii).
P-CAD is a registered trademark and P-CAD Schematic, P-CAD Relay, P-CAD PCB, P-CAD ProRoute, P-
CAD QuickRoute, P-CAD InterRoute, P-CAD InterRoute Gold, P-CAD Library Manager, P-CAD Library
Executive, P-CAD Document Toolbox, P-CAD InterPlace, P-CAD Parametric Constraint Solver, P-CAD
Signal Integrity, P-CAD Shape-Based Autorouter, P-CAD DesignFlow, P-CAD ViewCenter, Master
Designer and Associate Designer are trademarks of Altium Limited. Other brand names are
trademarks of their respective companies.
Altium Limited
www.altium.com
Table of Contents
chapter 1
chapter 2
Introduction to P-CAD PCB
P-CAD PCB Features..........................................................................................................1
About this Guide..................................................................................................................2
About P-CAD PCB (6/400) ..................................................................................................2
Installation and Setup
System Requirements .........................................................................................................3
Recommended System ................................................................................................3
Minimum System..........................................................................................................3
Installing P-CAD Products...................................................................................................4
chapter 3 PCB Basics
About the User Interface......................................................................................................6
Menu Bar......................................................................................................................6
Toolbars .......................................................................................................................6
Command Toolbar........................................................................................................7
Placement Toolbar .......................................................................................................7
Route Toolbar ..............................................................................................................8
Custom Toolbar............................................................................................................9
Prompt Line..................................................................................................................9
Status Line ...................................................................................................................9
X and Y Coordinates ..................................................................................................10
Grid Toggle Buttons ...................................................................................................10
Macro Record (Temporary Macro) Button..................................................................11
Layer Display Combo Box and Scroll Buttons............................................................12
Line Width Combo Box...............................................................................................12
Radius Combo Box ....................................................................................................12
Status Information Area..............................................................................................12
Workspace .................................................................................................................13
Using Multiple Windows .............................................................................................13
View Commands ...............................................................................................................13
Zoom Commands.......................................................................................................13
(View) Zoom In/Out ....................................................................................................13
(View) Zoom Window .................................................................................................14
Other View Options ....................................................................................................14
P-CAD PCB User’s Guide
i
Jump Commands ...................................................................................................... 14
Using Layers..................................................................................................................... 15
Placing Objects.......................................................................................................... 15
Item and Layer Drawing Order .................................................................................. 16
Object/Action Interaction................................................................................................... 16
Object Selection and Placement................................................................................ 16
Object Selection and Object Properties..................................................................... 16
Placing Objects................................................................................................................. 16
Moving Objects.......................................................................................................... 17
Rotating and Flipping Objects.................................................................................... 17
Orthogonal Modes ..................................................................................................... 17
Unwinding Segments................................................................................................. 18
Moving Objects to Another Layer .............................................................................. 18
Changing an Arc Centerpoint .................................................................................... 18
Using a Snappy Cursor ............................................................................................. 19
Selecting Objects.............................................................................................................. 19
Status Line Information.............................................................................................. 19
Single Select.............................................................................................................. 19
Multiple Select ........................................................................................................... 20
Sub Select ................................................................................................................. 20
Block Select............................................................................................................... 21
Using the Selection Masks ........................................................................................ 21
Edit Deselect All ........................................................................................................ 24
Edit Select All ............................................................................................................ 24
Selecting a Net .......................................................................................................... 24
Select Highlighted...................................................................................................... 24
Editing Objects ................................................................................................................. 24
Selection Reference Point ......................................................................................... 25
Moving Objects.......................................................................................................... 25
Rotating and Flipping Objects.................................................................................... 25
Resizing an Object .................................................................................................... 26
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Objects ...................................................................... 27
Copying Objects (Ctrl+C)........................................................................................... 27
Drag-and-Drop (Ctrl+Left Click)................................................................................. 27
Copying to a File........................................................................................................ 27
Pasting From a File ................................................................................................... 28
Pasting a Circuit From a File ..................................................................................... 28
Pasting Limitations .................................................................................................... 28
Using the Copy Matrix Command.............................................................................. 28
Using the Edit Properties Command ......................................................................... 28
Properties ......................................................................................................................... 28
Properties of Multiple Objects.................................................................................... 29
Right Mouse Commands .................................................................................................. 29
Loading and Saving Files ................................................................................................. 31
Drag and Drop File Load ........................................................................................... 31
chapter 4
Tutorial - PCB Design Session
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 33
ii
P-CAD PCB User’s Guide
Setting up the workspace ..................................................................................................33
Setting workspace configuration and display options.................................................33
Setting up layers ........................................................................................................35
Title blocks .................................................................................................................36
Display Options ..........................................................................................................38
Setting the line width ..................................................................................................39
Setting grids ...............................................................................................................39
Object placement ..............................................................................................................40
Placing lines ...............................................................................................................40
Placing arcs................................................................................................................41
Placing pads...............................................................................................................42
Placing vias ................................................................................................................43
Placing text.................................................................................................................43
Placing fields ..............................................................................................................44
Placing components ..........................................................................................................44
Setting up libraries .....................................................................................................44
Adding components....................................................................................................45
Selecting objects ...............................................................................................................47
Selecting single objects..............................................................................................47
Selecting multiple objects...........................................................................................47
Subselecting objects ..................................................................................................47
Block selecting objects ...............................................................................................48
Selecting highlighted objects......................................................................................49
Selecting collocated objects .......................................................................................49
Modifying objects...............................................................................................................51
Moving objects ...........................................................................................................51
Rotating objects .........................................................................................................51
Resizing objects .........................................................................................................52
Adding a vertex ..........................................................................................................52
Aligning components..................................................................................................52
Copying and pasting objects ......................................................................................53
Pasting from the Clipboard.........................................................................................53
Duplicating objects using Copy Matrix........................................................................54
Deleting objects..........................................................................................................54
Changing object properties................................................................................................54
Unifying values...........................................................................................................55
Using the Selection Mask...........................................................................................56
Replacing components...............................................................................................57
Initial board layout .............................................................................................................57
Creating a board outline.............................................................................................58
Loading a Netlist ........................................................................................................58
Positioning components .............................................................................................59
Optimizing nets ..........................................................................................................60
Routing connections..........................................................................................................61
Creating routing settings ............................................................................................61
Manual routing ...........................................................................................................63
Changing routed connections.....................................................................................65
Unrouting a board ......................................................................................................66
P-CAD PCB User’s Guide
iii
Other options .................................................................................................................... 66
Pad and via stacks .................................................................................................... 66
Copper pours............................................................................................................. 68
Plowing tracks and cutouts........................................................................................ 69
Design verification ............................................................................................................ 70
Netlist verification ...................................................................................................... 70
Design Rule Checking ............................................................................................... 70
Generating reports............................................................................................................ 72
Printing and plotting your design ...................................................................................... 74
Setting up your print jobs........................................................................................... 74
Generating manufacturing files......................................................................................... 75
Generating Gerber output.......................................................................................... 75
Viewing Gerber photoplot files................................................................................... 78
Generating N/C drill files............................................................................................ 78
chapter 5 Documentation Tools
Documenting a Design with Document Toolbox ............................................................... 79
Drawing Layers.......................................................................................................... 79
PCB Title Sheets ....................................................................................................... 80
Borders and Zones .................................................................................................... 80
Borders...................................................................................................................... 80
Title Blocks ................................................................................................................ 82
Design Views............................................................................................................. 82
Revision Blocks ......................................................................................................... 82
Fields and Field Sets ................................................................................................. 83
Drawing and Revision Notes ..................................................................................... 83
Defining Drawing or Revision Notes .......................................................................... 83
Design Details ........................................................................................................... 84
Graphic Files ............................................................................................................. 85
Layer Stackup Diagrams ........................................................................................... 85
Drill Tables................................................................................................................. 86
Associative Dimensions............................................................................................. 87
Printer & Plotter Setup...................................................................................................... 88
Printing ............................................................................................................................. 88
Setting Up Print Jobs................................................................................................. 89
Assign Drill Symbols.................................................................................................. 91
Setting up Print Colors and Other Options ................................................................ 93
Batch Print................................................................................................................. 93
chapter 6 Routing
Routing Features .............................................................................................................. 95
Selecting a Route Tool ..................................................................................................... 96
Routing Setup................................................................................................................... 97
Opening a File ........................................................................................................... 97
Placing Connections.................................................................................................. 97
Setting your Grids...................................................................................................... 97
Status Line Grid Toggle............................................................................................. 98
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P-CAD PCB User’s Guide
Changing Layers ........................................................................................................98
Setting Line Width ......................................................................................................98
Setting Up Via Style ...................................................................................................99
Orthogonal Modes (O key) .......................................................................................101
Fixed Routable Objects............................................................................................101
Point-to-Point Routing .....................................................................................................102
General Routing Features ...............................................................................................103
Status Line Information ............................................................................................103
T-Routing .................................................................................................................103
Routing with Curved Arcs.........................................................................................103
Unwind .....................................................................................................................105
Backtracking.............................................................................................................105
Routing to Free Copper............................................................................................105
Changing Layers ......................................................................................................105
Trace Cleanup..........................................................................................................105
Overlapping Connections .........................................................................................106
Copper Pours and Routing.......................................................................................106
Manually Routing Connections........................................................................................106
Manual Routing Steps..............................................................................................106
Terminating a Route.................................................................................................107
Arc Routing ..............................................................................................................108
Orthogonal Modes....................................................................................................108
Interactive Routing ..........................................................................................................108
Interactive Routing Steps .........................................................................................108
Obstacle Hugging.....................................................................................................109
Pad Entry or Exit ......................................................................................................109
Terminating a Route.................................................................................................110
Loop Removal ..........................................................................................................111
Miter Routing ...................................................................................................................111
Using the Route Miter Tool.......................................................................................111
Orthogonal Modes....................................................................................................113
Modifying Routes.............................................................................................................113
Route Bus........................................................................................................................113
Using Bus Route ......................................................................................................114
MultiTrace Routing ..........................................................................................................115
Using MultiTrace ......................................................................................................116
Controlling Trace Placement ....................................................................................117
Route Fanout...................................................................................................................118
Using Fanout Route .................................................................................................118
A Fanout Example....................................................................................................120
Maximize Hugging/Minimize Length................................................................................122
Visible Routing Area........................................................................................................123
Shortcut Menu Commands..............................................................................................124
Options Configure Route Tab..........................................................................................125
Online DRC: ....................................................................................................................126
chapter 7 Auto Routing
Introduction to the Shape-Based Router .........................................................................127
P-CAD PCB User’s Guide
v
Routing with Quick Route ............................................................................................... 127
P-CAD Quick Route Steps....................................................................................... 128
Completing the PC Board........................................................................................ 130
Verifying the Finished Board.................................................................................... 132
Setting Up the Route Autorouter Dialog .................................................................. 132
Commands Available during Routing ...................................................................... 140
Toolbar .................................................................................................................... 144
Quick Route Limitations........................................................................................... 145
Routing Fine Points ................................................................................................. 145
chapter 8 Design Verification
Introduction to Design Verification .................................................................................. 151
Setting Up DRC Rules .................................................................................................... 151
Design Tab .............................................................................................................. 151
Layer Tab ................................................................................................................ 152
Rooms Tab.............................................................................................................. 153
Net Class Tab.......................................................................................................... 154
Net Tab.................................................................................................................... 154
Class to Class Tab .................................................................................................. 155
Working with Design Rule Check ............................................................................ 156
Design Rules by Hierarchy ...................................................................................... 156
Design Rules by Hierarchy ...................................................................................... 158
Copper Ties and DRC ............................................................................................. 164
Configuring DRC............................................................................................................. 164
Online DRC .................................................................................................................... 167
Using DRC Error Annotation........................................................................................... 167
Finding DRC Errors ................................................................................................. 168
Overriding Error Displays ........................................................................................ 169
Block Selecting Error Indicators............................................................................... 169
Overriding DRC Errors ............................................................................................ 170
Fixing DRC Errors ................................................................................................... 170
Deleting DRC Errors................................................................................................ 170
chapter 9 CAM
Introduction to CAM........................................................................................................ 171
Gerber Output................................................................................................................. 171
Set Up Output Files ................................................................................................. 172
Aperture Assignments ............................................................................................. 174
Setting Drill Symbols ............................................................................................... 176
Gerber Format......................................................................................................... 177
Compress Output Files............................................................................................ 178
Generating Gerber Output....................................................................................... 178
Gerber Verification.......................................................................................................... 178
Deleting Gerber Layer Information.................................................................................. 180
No Free Pads on the Board..................................................................................... 180
Free Pads on the Board .......................................................................................... 180
Creating a Padmaster Gerber File.................................................................................. 181
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P-CAD PCB User’s Guide
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