lim ln
0
x
x
x
y
( )
y x
sin(
x
2
2
y
)
e
x
2
xy
0
dy
dx
( )
F x
x
1
(2
1
t
)
(
dt x
0)
( )F x
tan
cos
x dx
x
y
( )
f x
(0,
1
2
)
( )
f x
x
0
1
2
x
sin
1
x
( )
f x
2
|
1| ,
x
1
x
2,
2,0
x
1, 1
x
x
1,
2,
x
x
1,
1,
( )
F x
x
1
31
x
3
,1
x
,0
x
1
x
2
( )
f x
31
x
3
x
,0
x
1
1,1
x
2
( ,
x y
)
x
ln(1
x
2
)
1x
( )
f x
f
( )
t dt
(0
x
2)
( )F x
31
x
3
,1
x
1 ,0
3
2
x
x
1
31
x
3
x
1,1
x
1
1 ,0
3
x
2
k
0
( )
f x
ln
x
x
e
k
(0,
)
( )
f x
(
f
x
)
(0,
)
( ) 0,
f x
f
( ) 0
x
( )
f x
(
,0)
( ) 0,
f x
f
( ) 0
x
( ) 0,
f x
f
( ) 0
x
( ) 0,
f x
f
( ) 0
x
( ) 0,
f x
f
( ) 0
x
y
sin[
(
f x
2
)]
f
lim (
x
x
2
x
100
x
)
2
d y
2
dx
x
4
0 1 cos 2
dx
x
0
x
x
3
)
(1
dx
2(
x
1)
dy
(2
xy
cos )
x dx
0
xy
0
1
y
,
,
e
y
y
x
y
e
2
x
(1
x
)
x e
A
2
x
2
y
2
x
y
x
A
x
2
r
h
V
x
0
a
e
(
a x
)a
a x
a
f x
( )
[0, ]a
f
(0) 0
a
0
( )
f x dx
2
Ma
2
M
max |
0
x a
( ) |
f x
2
x
) 2
)
2
y
xy
0
y
x
e
2
2 cos(
x
2
2
2 cos(
x
y
y
1
4
x C
x
1/ 2
0
2cos
1
2
(1
2
x
)ln(1
2
x
)
1
2
2
x
1
2
y
sin[
(
f x
y
2
)]
cos[
cos[
cos[
(
f x
2
)]
2
(
f x
2
(
f x
)]
2
)]
(
f x
x
2
) 2
(
f x
x
) 2
2
(
f x
) 2
x
cos[
2
(
f x
)]
(
f x
2
)
2
x
cos[
2
(
f x
)]
2
(
f x
x
) (2 )
sin[
2
(
f x
)] [
2
(
f x
2
)]
(2 )
x
2
cos[
2
(
f x
)]
f
2
(
x
) (2 )
x
2
cos[
2
)]
2
f x
(
) 2
(
f x
dy
dx
( )
( )
f u g x
dy
dx
dy du
du dx
lim (
x
x
2
x
100
x
)
lim
x
x
(
2
x
100
2
x
x
lim
x
100
x
100
2
x
x
2
x
) (
100
x
lim 1
x
x
100
x
)
100
2
x
100 1
x
0
lim
x
1
x
x
100
2
100 1
lim
x
100
1 100
2
x
1
100
1 1
50
4
0
x
1 cos 2
x
dx
2
x
x
4
0
sec
2
dx
4
0
1
2
xd
tan
x
1
2
x
tan
x
4
0
4
0
1
2
tan
xdx
1
(
2 4
0)
1
2
4
0
sin
cos
x
x
dx
8
8
1
2
1
2
4
0
1
cos
x
d
cos
x
8
1
2
ln(cos )
x
4
0
[ln(cos
)
4
ln(cos0)]
8
1
2
ln
2
2
8
1
4
ln 2
0
x
x
3
)
(1
dx
0
) 1
(1
x
3
(1
)
x
dx
0
[(1
x
)
2
(1
x
)
3
] (1
d
x
)
(1
1
x
)
1
2
(1
x
)
2
0
lim
b
1
2
x
1)
2(
x
2
b
0
lim
b
1
2
b
1)
2(
b
2
1
2
0
1
2
1
2
2
2
x
1
2
x
2
1
x
y
dx
[
cos
x
2
1
x
cos
x
2
1
x
2
,
x
1 0
2
2
x
x
1
dx
dx C
]
e
y
x
y
e
e
2
(
d x
2
x
1)
1
cos
x
2
1
x
e
2
(
d x
2
x
1)
1
cos
xdx C
1
C
dx C
x C
2
1
sin
x
1
1
2
1
x
sin 0
C
2
1
0
xy
0
1
,
,
y
sin
2
x
1
x
1
y
e
2
x
(1
x
)
x e
y
2
e
2
x
x
e
(1
x
)
x e
2
e
2
x
(2
x
)
x e
y
2
x
2
e
(2
x
)
x e
2
x
4
e
x
e
(2
x
)
x e
4
e
2
x
(3
x
)
x e
y
e
y
y
x
2
x
4
e
(3
x
)
x e
2
e
2
x
(2
x
)
x e
e
2
x
(1
x
)
x e
x
e
(4 2
)
2
x
e
(3 2
)
x
e
)
(1
x
xe
e
x
4 2
3 2
1
0
0
1
3,
2,
y
3
y
2
y
e
x
y
3
y
2
y
0
r
2 3
r
2 0
r
1
21,
r
2
y
3
y
2
y
e
x
y
x
c e
1
c e
2
2
x
*
y
x
c e
1
c e
2
2
x
2
x
e
(1
x
)
x e
x
c e
1
c e
2
2
x
x
xe
2
x
2
y
2
x
(
x
1)
2
2
y
1
y
1 1
x
1
2
y
x
2
y
(0
y
1)
y
y dy
dV
(2
2
x
1
)
dy
(2
x
2
)
dy
2
(2 1
1
y
2 2
)
(2
2
y
)
dy
2
1
2
y
(1
2
y
)
dy
V
1
2
0
1
2
y
(1
2
y
)
dy
1 y dy
2
y
sin
t
dy
cos
tdt
1
0
1
0
1
2
y dy
2
0
2
cos
tdt
1
2
2
0
(1 cos 2 )
t dt
1
2
t
1
2
sin 2
t
2
0
4
1
0
(1
2
)
y dy
1
0
(1
2
)
y d
(1
y
)
(1
3
)
y
3
1
0
1
3
2
1
4
1
2
0
1
2
y
(1
2
y
)
dy
V
x
y
1
2
x
2
x
y
2
x
(0
x
1)
x
dV
x dx
2 (2
2 (2
)(
x y
1
)( 2
x
x
y dx
2
2
)
x
)
,
x dx
V
1
2
0
(2
x
)( 2
x
x
2
)
x dx
1x
t
x
1
,
t dx
dt
1
3
2
1
t
t
2
1
t
2
t
1
dt
sin cos
sin
2
1)cos
d
x
)( 2
x
2
x
)
x dx
t
)
2(1
(1
)
t
2
t
)
(1
)
t dt
0
1
dt
t
2
1
t
cos
1
t
d
2
2
t
1
dt
0
(cos
2
0
2
sin
2
cos
2
d
sin cos
d
2
cos
d
cos
d
0
2
(1 cos 2 )
d
0
2
0
2
2
cos
cos
d
0
2
2
sin
sin
d
0
2
1
2
sin 2
0
3
cos
3
0
2
3
sin
3
0
2
sin
0
2
t
1
0
0
(1
(2
1
sin
0
0
2
1
1
2
1
2
0
2
2
1
4
3
)( 2
x
1
4
V
1 1
3 3
2
1
0
(2
x
x
2
)
x dx
2 (
1
4
1
)
3
R
BC R AC h OD r
,
,
cos
d
A
O
C
D
B
,
BC OD AD
AC AD
r
)
h r
r
(
2
2
R
h
2
OA OD
2
R
hr
2
h
2
hr
V
1
3
2
R h
1
3
r
(2
r
h
)
2
h
h
V
r
2
2
0
2 (
h h
(
h
V
h
1
3
2
r
2 )
r
2 )
r
2
2
h
1
3
2
r
4 )
(
h h
r
2
2 )
(
r
h
0
h
h
4
r
h
4
r
2
r
4
r
4 ,
h
r V
,
h
V
0
0
(4 )
V r
r
8
3
3
x
0
a
e
a
ln(
a x
)
(
a x
)ln
a
( )
f x
(
a x
)ln
ln(
a x
)
)
ln(
a x
a x
( )
ln
f x
ln
a
a
a
a
a x
1,
( ) 0(
f x
x
0)
a a
a
1,
a x
a
,
e x
0,
ln
a
( )
f x
( )
f x
(
a x
)ln
a a
ln(
a x
)
f
(0)
a
ln
a a
ln
a
0,(
x
0)
(
a x
)ln
a a
ln(
a x
) 0
(
a x
)a
( )
f x
x a e
a x
a
ln
x
x
( )
f x
( )
f x
x
1 ln
2
x
x
1 ln
2
x
0
x a e
(
f x a
)
( )
f a