2013年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语考研真题.doc

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2013 年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语考研真题北京科技大学 2013 年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题试题编号： 211 试题名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：翻译（专业英语）说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。 ============================================================================== =============================== I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point each, 60 minutes) Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on your answer sheet. 1. Ruth wanted to be transferred to another department, but her application was _____ because her own department is understaffed. A. turned down B. turned over C. turned away D. turned off 2. Helen’s been neglecting her homework lately. I’ll _____ with her parents about it. A. have words B. have a word C. have the word D. have the last word 3. The reality of governance is rarely ______; institutions do not operate according to mechanical laws, but they evolve organically. A. noble B. static C. inconsistent D. documented 4. A position that requires public speaking would be very difficult for one as _____ as he. A. amiable B. vivacious C. reticent D. decent 5. The commission asked that the administration’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning _____ indefinitely. A. to be extended B. to extend extended C. be extended D. being 6. There is talk of the government _______ a new tax relief scheme for families with more than three children.

A. bringing in B. bringing off C. bringing about D. bringing on 7. The nurses asked the local union to ______ their strike by signing a letter of support. A. comply B. undermine C. endorse D. isolate 8. I could not but _____ very much delighted with several modern epitaphs, which are written with great elegance of expression. A. being C. to be B. be D. was 9. ______ more societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a looming problem of knowledge management. A. Given that B. Provided C. Unless D. While 10. The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as _____ money for local charities. A. raises B. raising C. raise D. to raise 11. The development of containers, possibly made from bark or the skins of animals, although it is a matter of ______, allowed the extensive sharing of forage food in prehistoric human societies. A. conjecture D. conspiracy C. record B. fact 12. Most people choose a lawyer on the basis of such _____ considerations as his cost, his field of expertise, and the fees he charges. A. humanistic B. irrelevant C. personal D. pragmatic 13. It cannot be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted, but scientists are hesitant to ______ the inevitability of that day, convinced that new energies can be found in the near future. A. recede C. concede D. precede B. exceed 14. There has been nothing good on television for weeks. Good programs are _______. A. more or less B. far and between C. on and off D. here and there 15. Fred is a(n) ______ complainer— as soon as one problem is solved, he will come up with another. A. affluent B. prudent C. moderate D. chronic 16. Rita turned her ______ of being lost in the desert into good fortune by selling the story to a movie studio. A. ordeal B. pessimism C. retort D. patron 17. Psychologists maintain that the nature of human beings entails a strong need to _____ their free time; idleness can be as stressful as activity.

A. endanger B. preserve C. consume D. organize 18. At age 10, my cousin still has a _____ belief in Santa Claus; she becomes upset at any suggestion that he doesn’t exist. A. sedentary B. inquisitive C. tenacious D. superfluous 19. They ______ each other, making a perfect couple. He is rich but doesn’t care about money; she is poor but cares about it a lot. A. complement B. fabricate C. implement D. validate 20. People anticipated that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as _______ today. A. the airliners do B. do the airliners airliners C. the airliners did D. did the 21. Rumors, embroidered with detail, live on for years, neither denied nor confirmed, until they become accepted as fact even among people not known for their _____. A. insight B. introspection C. obstinacy D. credulity 22. Imposing steep fines on employers for on-the-job injuries to workers could be an effective ______ creating a safer workplace, especially in the case of employers with poor safety records. A. alternative C. incentive D. deterrent B. addition 23. Her ______ should not be confused with miserliness, as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need. A. frugality C. intolerance B. diffidence D. apprehension 24. Observable as a tendency of our culture is a _______ of belief in psychoanalysis: we no longer feel that it can solve out emotional problems. A. defence B. confrontation C. divergence D. withdrawal 25. The prospects of discovering new aspects of the life of a painter as thoroughly studied as Vermeer are not, on the surface, _______. A. unpromising C. daunting B. encouraging D. challenging 26. The history of film reflects the ________ inherent in the medium itself: film contains still photographs to represent continuous motion and, while seeming to present life itself, can also offer impossible and dreamlike unrealities. A. biases B. constraints C. liabilities D. paradoxes 27. The notion that cultural and biological influences equally determine cross-cultural diversity is _____ by the fact that, in countless aspects of human existence, it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for

cross-population variance. A. confirmed B. illustrated C. discredited D. disapproved 28. Dominant interests often benefit most from ________ of governmental interference in business, since they are able to take care of themselves if left alone. A. centralization C. intensification B. authorization D. elimination 29. As the world has moved into a scientific age, the origin of herbal medicine in many countries remains _____ in mystery and often sounds fantastic to those trained in modern science. B. hidden A. shrouded D. hindered C. covered 30. We can scarcely afford to neglect airport security in light of the recent terrorist actions, but as a reliable critic has pointed out, the cost of actually implementing these measures remains a _______ expense. A. feasible B. prohibitive D. negligible C. suitable II. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each, 60 minutes) Section I Directions: In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenwriteyouransweronyouranswersheet. Passage One When Ford’s River Rouge Plant was completed in 1928 it boasted everything it needed to turn raw materials into finished cars: 100,000 workers, 16m square feet of factory floor, 100 miles of railway track and its own docks and furnaces. Today it is still Ford’s largest plant, but only a shadow of its former glory. Most of the parts are made by sub-contractors and merely fitted together by the plant’s 6,000 workers. The local steel mill is run by a Russian company, Severstal. Outsourcing has transformed global business. Over the past few decades companies have contracted out everything from mopping the floors to spotting the flaws in their internet security. TPI, a company that specializes in the sector, estimates that $100 billion-worth of new contracts are signed every year. Oxford Economics reckons that in Britain, one of the world’s most mature economies, 10% of workers toil away in “outsourced” jobs and companies spend $ 200 billion a year on outsourcing. Even war is being outsourced: America employs more contract workers in Afghanistan than regular troops. The latest TPI quarterly index of outsourcing (which measures commercial contracts of $25m or more) suggests that the total value of such contracts for the second quarter of 2011 fell by 18% compared with the second quarter of 2010. Dismal figures in the Americas (i.e. mostly the United States) dragged down the average:

the value of contracts there was 50% lower in the second quarter of 2011 than in the first half of 2010. This is partly explained by America’s gloomy economy, but even more by the maturity of the market: TPI suspects that much of what can sensibly be outsourced already has been. Miles Robinson of Mayer Brown, a law firm, notes that there has also been an uptick in legal disputes over outsourcing. In one case EDS, an IT company, had to pay BSkyB, a media company, £318m ($469m) in damages. The two firms spent an estimated £70m on legal fees and were tied up in court for five months. Such nightmares are worse in India, where the courts move with Dickensian speed. And since many disputes stay out of court, the well of discontent with outsourcing is surely deeper than the legal record shows. by years ago Boeing, Eight America’s outsourcing. Some of the worst business disasters of recent years have been caused or aggravated biggest aeroplane-maker, decided to follow the example of car firms and hire contractors to do most of the grunt work on its new 787 Dreamliner. The result was a nightmare. Some of the parts did not fit together. Some of the dozens of sub-contractors failed to deliver their components on time, despite having subcontracted their work to sub-sub-contractors. Boeing had to take over some of the subcontractors to prevent them from collapsing. If the Dreamliner starts rolling off the production line towards the end of this year, as Boeing promises, it will be billions over budget and three years behind schedule. Outsourcing can go wrong in a colorful variety of ways. Sometimes companies squeeze their contractors so hard that they are forced to cut corners. (This is a big problem in the car industry, where a handful of global firms can bully the 80,000 parts-makers.) Sometimes vendors overpromise in order to win a contract and then fail to deliver. Sometimes both parties write sloppy contracts. And some companies undermine their overall strategies with injudicious outsourcing. Service companies, for example, contract out customer complaints to foreign call centres and then wonder why their customers hate them. When outsourcing goes wrong, it is the devil to put right. When companies outsource a job, they typically eliminate the department that used to do it. They become entwined with their contractors, handing over sensitive material and inviting contractors to work alongside their own staff. Extricating themselves from this tangle can be tough. It is much easier to close a department than to rebuild it. Sacking a contractor can mean that factories grind to a halt, bills languish unpaid and chaos mounts. None of this means that companies are going to re-embrace the River Rouge model any time soon. Some companies, such as Boeing, are bringing more work back in-house, in the jargon. But the business logic behind outsourcing remains compelling, so long as it is done right. Many tasks are peripheral to a firm’s core business and can be done better and more cheaply by specialists. Cleaning is an obvious example; many back-office jobs also fit the bill. Outsourcing firms offer labour arbitrage, using cheap Indians to enter data rather than expensive Swedes. They can offer economies of scale, too. TPI points out that, for all the problems in America, outsourcing

is continuing to grow in emerging markets and, more surprisingly, in Europe, where Germany and France are late converts to the idea. Companies are rethinking outsourcing, rather than jettisoning it. They are dumping huge long term deals in favour of smaller, less rigid ones. The annualized value of “mega-relationship” worth $100m or more a year fell by 62% this year compared with last. Companies are forming relationships with several outsourcers, rather than putting all their eggs in few baskets. They are signing shorter contracts, too. But still, they need to think harder about what their core business is, and what is peripheral. And above all, newspaper editors need to say no to the temptation to outsource business columns to cheaper, hungrier writers. 1. The Ford’s River Rouge Plant case is introduced in the first paragraph to _____. A. indicate the prevalence of outsourcing B. lament over the past glory of the plant C. explain Boeing’s adoption of a similar model D. expose the weakness of its business model 2. Which of the following statements about outsourcing is correct? A. Outsourcing in all markets has encountered difficulties. B. Outsourcing, if well operated, can help reduce the costs. C. Recession is the major cause for less outsourcing in America. D. The outsourcing boom will go on indefinitely in spite of problems. 3. Currently companies in America have the following concerns EXCEPT_____. A. low quality of subcontracted products and services B. the saturated outsourcing market C. drastic increase of disputes over outsourcing D. the necessity of reforming outsourcing model 4. Which of the following solutions is NOT suggested in the passage? A. Develop several outsourcers to reduce potential risks. B. Sign short-term and flexible contracts with outsourcers. C. Rebuild the department to do the job once outsourced. D. Identify businesses appropriate for outsourcing. 5. The underlined word “peripheral” in paragraph 8 is closest in meaning to _____. A. indispensable B. temporary C. essential D. secondary Passage Two Of all the methods of communication invented by humanity over the centuries, none has disseminated so much information so widely at such high speeds as the internet. It is both a unifying force and a globalizing one. But, its very ubiquity makes it a localizing one too, because it is clearly not the same everywhere, either

in what it provides or how it is operated and regulated. The smartphone has liberated its users from the PC on his desk, granting him access on the go not just to remote computers and long-lost friends on the other side of the world but also to the places around him. If he lives in a city, as most users do, then his fellow city-dwellers and the buildings, cars and streets around them are throwing off almost unimaginable quantities of valuable data from which he will benefit. And although communications across continents have become cheap and easy, physical proximity to others remains important in creating new ideas and products—especially (and perhaps ironically) for companies offering online services. You cannot (yet) have a coffee together online. This simultaneously more localized and more globalized world will be more complicated than the world of old. Different rules will continue to apply to different countries’ bits of cyberspace. Gartner’s Mr. Prentice thinks that three basic forces will shape the mobile internet, the transport of data across it and the content available on it: politician’s demand for control; (most) people’s desire for freedom; and companies’ pursuit of profit. It is possible to imagine scenarios in which one of these forces comes out on top. But it is more likely, says Mr. Prentice, that different combinations of the three forces will prevail in different places. What seems certain is that life online will become more local without becoming any less global. With a smartphone in your hand you can find out more, if you want to, about what is going on immediately around you. The next bus goes in five minutes. The coffee shop across the street, where you haven’t been for a few weeks, is offering you a free cappuccino. Those cushions you looked at online are available in the department store around the corner. The smartphone could even help revive the high street if people knew that they could take home today what Amazon could not deliver until tomorrow. None of this will reduce the scope or the appetite for catching up with friends, news and stories from far away. “The truth is that three things will go on at once,” says Danny Miller, an anthropologist at UCL. There will continue to be “unprecedented opportunities for homogenization and globalization”, but there are also “possibilities for great localization”—including services such as Foursquare. Lastly, there will be a new localism, thanks to an internet full of local differences that are not confined to particular places. For example, Trinidadians use Facebook in a distinctive way to reflect local concepts of scandal and gossip. But because more than half of Trinidadian families have at least one member living abroad, this form of use is not tied to Trinidad; it could just as easily be adopted by Trinidadians living in London or Toronto. A further prediction is that, as people rely more on connected devices to explore the physical world, digital information will have a growing influence on how they see the physical realm and on how they move through it. Mr. Gramham and Mr. Zook, with Andrew Boulton, also of the University of Kentucky, begin a forthcoming paper by imagining a young woman’s progress through Dublin on a Saturday night—a kind of digital “ Ulysses”. She checks texts and tweets from her boyfriend (where is

he?), passes a bar (a favorite band once played here) and looks up a review of a restaurant (seems good). But the city she sees has been digitally constructed for her. Her boyfriend sends her a text to arrange a meeting place. She knows about the band because her past online searches have prompted her smartphone to provide the details. And the restaurant review is nothing more than the sum of other people’s opinions, delivered electronically. And this is harmless, even helpful, but there is a darker side to it. Eli Pariser, an American journalist, has written of a “filter bubble” in which people are presented only with ideas and opinions that their past online behavior suggests they are likely to agree with. As they make their digital way through the physical realm, something similar may happen. Being steered away from areas of high crime late at night is no bad thing. But not being pointed towards a museum or a club because you haven’t been anywhere like it before may be a missed opportunity. Standing in front of a monument and being given a version of history that reinforces your prejudice closes rather than opens the mind. Yet on the whole it is surely a good thing for the digital and the physical worlds to become increasingly interwoven. They are complements, not substitutes for each other. The digital overlay will, in effect, allow people to see not only through walls (what’s in that shop?) and around corners (is there a taxi nearby?) but even through time (what happened here in 1945?). Each realm on its own is fascinating; together they are irresistible. 6. The passage is mainly about _______. A. the impact of smartphones upon life online B. the globalization brought about by the internet C. the interaction between the digital and physical worlds D. the development of localism in the era of the globalization 7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct? A. The digital world may shape people’s perception of the physical world. B. Indulgence in the digital world may cause delusion about the reality. C. Connected devices have turned people’s life from local to global. D. Smartphones reduce people’s interest in getting information from far away. 8. The case of a woman’s trip in Dublin in paragraph 6 is presented to _______. A. B. C. D. illustrate the function of smartphones in cities predict the influence of digital information upon physical life explain the new findings of some scholars mimic the life delineated in the novel Ulysses 9. The following factors EXCEPT ______ contribute to the localism in life online. A. easy exploration of the local environment B. increasingly distinctive local services C. localized regulations regarding the internet

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2013年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语考研真题.doc

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