SAP数据字典文档.pdf

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BC - ABAP Dictionary C I D B W D C B . P L E H Release 4.6C

BC - ABAP Dictionary Copyright SAP AG © Copyright 2001 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. Microsoft®, WINDOWS®, NT®, EXCEL®, Word®, PowerPoint® and SQL Server® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM®, DB2®, OS/2®, DB2/6000®, Parallel Sysplex®, MVS/ESA®, RS/6000®, AIX®, S/390®, AS/400®, OS/390®, and OS/400® are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. ORACLE® is a registered trademark of ORACLE Corporation. INFORMIX®-OnLine for SAP and Informix® Dynamic ServerTM are registered trademarks of Informix Software Incorporated. UNIX®, X/Open®, OSF/1®, and Motif® are registered trademarks of the Open Group. HTML, DHTML, XML, XHTML are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C®, World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. JAVA® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. JAVASCRIPT® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape. SAP, SAP Logo, R/2, RIVA, R/3, ABAP, SAP ArchiveLink, SAP Business Workflow, WebFlow, SAP EarlyWatch, BAPI, SAPPHIRE, Management Cockpit, mySAP.com Logo and mySAP.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries all over the world. All other products mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. 2 April 2001

BC - ABAP Dictionary SAP AG Icons Icon Meaning Caution Example Note Recommendation Syntax Tip April 2001 3

BC - ABAP Dictionary SAP AG Contents BC - ABAP Dictionary.................................................................................................... 9 ABAP Dictionary.........................................................................................................................................10 Tables ..........................................................................................................................................................13 Table Fields.................................................................................................................................................14 Reference Fields and Reference Tables ................................................................................................15 Includes...................................................................................................................................................16 Named Includes ......................................................................................................................................18 Foreign Keys...............................................................................................................................................19 Generic and Constant Foreign Keys.......................................................................................................22 Semantic Attributes of Foreign Keys.......................................................................................................24 Cardinality ..........................................................................................................................................25 Type of Foreign Key Fields................................................................................................................26 Text Tables..............................................................................................................................................27 Multi-Structured Foreign Keys.................................................................................................................29 Technical Settings......................................................................................................................................30 Data Class...............................................................................................................................................31 Size Category..........................................................................................................................................32 Buffering Permission...............................................................................................................................33 Buffering Types .......................................................................................................................................34 Full Buffering......................................................................................................................................35 Generic Buffering...............................................................................................................................37 Single-Record Buffering.....................................................................................................................39 Logging....................................................................................................................................................41 Converting Pooled Tables to Transparent Tables ..................................................................................42 Buffering Database Tables........................................................................................................................43 Local Buffer Synchronization ..................................................................................................................46 Example for Buffer Synchronization ..................................................................................................48 Which Tables should be Buffered?.........................................................................................................53 Which Accesses Proceed Directly to the Database?..............................................................................54 How are Table Buffers Implemented Technically? .................................................................................55 Single-Record Table Buffers..............................................................................................................56 Generic and Full Table Buffers ..........................................................................................................58 How can you Analyze the Buffer Quality?...............................................................................................60 Indexes ........................................................................................................................................................61 What to Keep in Mind for Secondary Indexes.........................................................................................63 How to Check if an Index is Used ...........................................................................................................65 Unique Indexes .......................................................................................................................................66 Index IDs .................................................................................................................................................67 Customizing Includes ................................................................................................................................68 Append Structures.....................................................................................................................................69 Creating Tables...........................................................................................................................................72 Creating Foreign Keys ............................................................................................................................75 Maintaining Technical Settings ...............................................................................................................77 Creating Secondary Indexes...................................................................................................................78 Delivery Class .........................................................................................................................................79 4 April 2001

SAP AG BC - ABAP Dictionary Activation Type........................................................................................................................................81 Error Message in the Foreign Key Check...............................................................................................82 Making Changes to Tables........................................................................................................................83 Adding an Append Structure...................................................................................................................84 Inserting an Include.................................................................................................................................85 Inserting New Fields................................................................................................................................87 Initial Values.......................................................................................................................................88 Deleting Existing Field.............................................................................................................................90 Changing Data Types and Lengths of Existing Fields ............................................................................91 Changing the Table Category .................................................................................................................92 Moving Fields ..........................................................................................................................................93 Copying Fields from Another Table ........................................................................................................94 Copying Fields from an Entity Type ........................................................................................................95 Deleting Tables .......................................................................................................................................96 Views ...........................................................................................................................................................97 Join, Projection and Selection..................................................................................................................99 Inner Join and Outer Join......................................................................................................................103 Foreign Key Relationship and Join Condition.......................................................................................104 Maintenance Status..................................................................................................................................105 Time-Dependent Key Components.......................................................................................................106 Inserts with Database Views.................................................................................................................107 Database Views ........................................................................................................................................108 Includes in Database Views..................................................................................................................110 Technical Settings of a Database View ................................................................................................111 Append Views .......................................................................................................................................112 Projection Views.......................................................................................................................................114 Help Views.................................................................................................................................................115 Maintenance Views ..................................................................................................................................117 Restrictions for Maintenance and Help Views ......................................................................................119 Creating Views..........................................................................................................................................120 Creating a Database View ....................................................................................................................121 Creating Help Views..............................................................................................................................123 Creating Projection Views.....................................................................................................................125 Creating Maintenance Views ................................................................................................................126 Maintenance Attribute of a View Field .............................................................................................128 Delivery Class of a Maintenance View ............................................................................................129 Maintaining Selection Conditions of Views ...........................................................................................130 Creating an Append View .....................................................................................................................131 Deleting Views..........................................................................................................................................132 Example for Views....................................................................................................................................133 Types .........................................................................................................................................................136 Data Elements...........................................................................................................................................138 Creating Data Elements........................................................................................................................140 Documentation and Docu Status ..........................................................................................................142 Field Labels...........................................................................................................................................143 Structures..................................................................................................................................................144 Creating Structures ...............................................................................................................................146 Named Includes ....................................................................................................................................148 Table Types...............................................................................................................................................149 April 2001 5

BC - ABAP Dictionary SAP AG Creating Table Types............................................................................................................................151 Key Definition of a Table Type..............................................................................................................153 Access Mode.........................................................................................................................................154 Key Category.........................................................................................................................................155 Generic Table Types.............................................................................................................................156 Ranges Table Types .............................................................................................................................157 Creating a Ranges Table Type .............................................................................................................158 Deleting Types..........................................................................................................................................160 Domains ....................................................................................................................................................161 Fixed Values..............................................................................................................................................163 Value Table................................................................................................................................................164 Input and Output Conversions................................................................................................................165 Creating Domains.....................................................................................................................................168 Changing Domains...................................................................................................................................170 Deleting Domains.....................................................................................................................................171 Search Helps.............................................................................................................................................172 Structure of an Elementary Search Help ...............................................................................................174 Structure of a Collective Search Help....................................................................................................178 Append Search Helps ..............................................................................................................................180 Attaching Search Helps to Screen Fields..............................................................................................182 Attaching to Data Elements...................................................................................................................183 Attaching to Check Tables ....................................................................................................................185 Attaching to a Table Field or Structure Field.........................................................................................187 Attaching to Screen Fields ....................................................................................................................189 Hierarchy of the Search Help Call.........................................................................................................190 Value Transport for Input Helps ............................................................................................................191 Creating Elementary Search Helps ........................................................................................................193 Dialog Types .........................................................................................................................................196 Hot Keys................................................................................................................................................197 Default Values for Search Help Parameters.........................................................................................198 Creating Collective Search Helps...........................................................................................................199 Creating an Append Search Help ...........................................................................................................201 Search Help Exit .......................................................................................................................................202 Example for Search Helps.......................................................................................................................204 Migration of Help Views and Matchcodes to Search Helps.................................................................208 Lock Objects.............................................................................................................................................209 Lock Mode.................................................................................................................................................212 Function Modules for Lock Requests....................................................................................................213 Conditions Required of Foreign Keys....................................................................................................216 Lock Mechanism ......................................................................................................................................217 Local Lock Containers...........................................................................................................................219 Creating Lock Objects .............................................................................................................................220 Deleting Lock Objects..............................................................................................................................222 Example for Lock Objects .......................................................................................................................223 Adjusting Database Structures...............................................................................................................226 Conversion Process.................................................................................................................................228 Conversion Problems ..............................................................................................................................233 6 April 2001

SAP AG BC - ABAP Dictionary Continuing Terminated Conversions.....................................................................................................235 Finding Terminated Conversions ...........................................................................................................236 Activation ..................................................................................................................................................237 Runtime Objects.......................................................................................................................................239 Mass Activation ........................................................................................................................................240 Activating Objects in the Background...................................................................................................241 Data Types in the ABAP Dictionary........................................................................................................242 Mapping of the ABAP Data Types ..........................................................................................................245 The Database Utility.................................................................................................................................247 Editing Tables and Indexes in the Database .........................................................................................249 Editing Views in the Database ................................................................................................................251 Editing Matchcodes in the Database......................................................................................................252 Editing Pools and Clusters in the Database..........................................................................................254 Processing Types.....................................................................................................................................255 Storage Parameters .................................................................................................................................256 Displaying Requests for Mass Processing............................................................................................258 Scheduling Jobs for Mass Processing ..................................................................................................260 Displaying Logs for Mass Processing ...................................................................................................261 Displaying Temporary Tables without Restart Logs............................................................................262 Pooled and Cluster Tables ......................................................................................................................263 Creating Table Pools/Table Clusters......................................................................................................266 Deleting Table Pools/Table Clusters......................................................................................................267 Creating Pooled Tables/Cluster Tables .................................................................................................268 Changing Pooled Tables/Cluster Tables ...............................................................................................269 Matchcodes...............................................................................................................................................270 Update Types............................................................................................................................................272 Special Features of Program-Driven Matchcodes................................................................................274 Creating Matchcodes...............................................................................................................................275 Defining Attributes of Matchcode Objects.............................................................................................276 Selecting Secondary Tables of Matchcode Objects .............................................................................277 Selecting Fields of Matchcode Objects.................................................................................................278 Activating Matchcode Objects...............................................................................................................279 Defining Attributes of Matchcode IDs....................................................................................................280 Selecting Secondary Tables of Matchcode IDs ....................................................................................282 Selecting Fields of Matchcode IDs........................................................................................................283 Defining Selection Conditions of Matchcode IDs..................................................................................285 Activating Matchcode IDs......................................................................................................................286 Building Matchcode Data ......................................................................................................................287 Displaying the Built Matchcode Data ....................................................................................................288 Creating Matchcode Indexes ................................................................................................................289 Function Modules for Matchcode IDs ...................................................................................................291 Changing Matchcodes.............................................................................................................................292 Changing Matchcode Objects...............................................................................................................293 Changing Matchcode IDs......................................................................................................................295 Converting to Transparent Matchcodes................................................................................................297 Effect of Conversion on Transparent IDs..............................................................................................298 Deactivating Matchcode IDs .................................................................................................................299 Deleting Matchcode IDs........................................................................................................................300 April 2001 7

BC - ABAP Dictionary SAP AG Deleting Matchcode Objects .................................................................................................................301 Flight Model ..............................................................................................................................................302 8 April 2001

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