Cisco ASA5505 防火墙详细配置教程及实际配置案例
interface Vlan2
nameif outside ----------------------------------------对端口命名外端
口
security-level 0 ----------------------------------------设置端口等级
ip address X.X.X.X 255.255.255.224 --------------------调试外网地
址
!
interface Vlan3
nameif inside ----------------------------------------对端口命名内端
口
security-level 100 ----------------------------------------调试外网地址
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 --------------------设置端口等
级
!
interface Ethernet0/0
switchport access vlan 2 ----------------------------------------设置端
口 VLAN 与 VLAN2 绑定
!
interface Ethernet0/1
switchport access vlan 3 ----------------------------------------设置端口
VLAN 与 VLAN3 绑定
!
interface Ethernet0/2
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/3
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/4
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/5
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/6
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/7
shutdown
!
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
ftp mode passive
dns domain-lookup inside
dns server-group DefaultDNS
name-server 211.99.129.210
name-server 202.106.196.115
access-list 102 extended permit icmp any any ------------------
设置 ACL 列表(允许 ICMP 全部通过)
access-list 102 extended permit ip any
any ------------------设置 ACL 列表(允许所有 IP 全部通过)
pager lines 24
mtu outside 1500
mtu inside 1500
icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400
global (outside) 1 interface ----------------------------------------设置
NAT 地址映射到外网口
nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0---------------------------------NAT 地址
池(所有地址)0 无最大会话数限制
access-group 102 in interface outside ------------------―――
设置 ACL 列表绑定到外端口
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 x.x.x.x 1 ------------------设置
到外网的默认路由
timeout xlate 3:00:00
timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02
timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00
timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00
timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart
telnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 inside ----------------------------------------设置
TELNET 所有地址进入
telnet timeout 5
ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside ----------------------------------------设置
SSH 所有地址进入
ssh timeout 30
ssh version 2
console timeout 0
!
dhcpd address 192.168.1.100-192.168.1.199
inside ------------------设置 DHCP 服务器地址池
dhcpd dns 211.99.129.210 202.106.196.115 interface
inside ------------------设置 DNS 服务器到内网端口
dhcpd enable
inside --------------------------------------------------------------设
置 DHCP 应用到内网端口
!
前几天去客户那调试 CISCO-ASA-5505 设备,第一次摸,跟 PIX 一样,呵呵.没有技术
含量,都是最基本的.其他业务配置暂时没配,会及时更新的.
Cisco ASA5505 配置
cisco, config, telnet, 防火墙, Cisco
1.配置防火墙名
ciscoasa> enable
ciscoasa# configure terminal
ciscoasa(config)# hostname asa5505
2.配置 telnet
asa5505(config)#telnet 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside ↑//允许内部接口 192.168.1.0 网段
telnet 防火墙
3.配置密码
asa5505(config)# password cisco ------------------远程密码
asa5505(config)# enable password cisco ------------------特权模式密码
4.配置 IP
asa5505(config)# interface vlan 2 ------------------进入 vlan2
asa5505(config-if)# ip address 218.16.37.222 255.255.255.192 ------------------vlan2 配置 IP
asa5505(config)#show ip address vlan2 ------------------验证配置
5.端口加入 vlan
asa5505(config)# interface e0/3 ------------------进入接口 e0/3
asa5505(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 ------------------接口 e0/3 加入 vlan3
asa5505(config)# interface vlan 3 ------------------进入 vlan3
asa5505(config-if)# ip address 10.10.10.36 255.255.255.224 ------------------vlan3 配置 IP
asa5505(config-if)# nameif dmz ------------------vlan3 名
asa5505(config-if)# no shutdown ------------------开启
asa5505(config-if)# show switch vlan ------------------验证配置
6.最大传输单元 MTU
asa5505(config)#mtu inside 1500 ------------------inside 最大传输单元 1500 字节
asa5505(config)#mtu outside 1500 ------------------outside 最大传输单元 1500 字节
asa5505(config)#mtu dmz 1500 ------------------dmz 最大传输单元 1500 字节
7.配置 arp 表的超时时间
asa5505(config)#arp timeout 14400 ------------------arp 表的超时时间 14400 秒
8.FTP 模式
asa5505(config)#ftp mode passive ------------------FTP 被动模式
9.配置域名
asa5505(config)#domain-name Cisco.com
10.启动日志
asa5505(config)#logging enable ------------------启动日志
asa5505(config)#logging asdm informational ------------------启动 asdm 报告日志
asa5505(config)#Show logging ------------------验证配置
11.启用 http 服务
asa5505(config)#http server enable ------------------启动 HTTP server,便于 ASDM 连接。
asa5505(config)#http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside ------------------对外启用 ASDM 连接
asa5505(config)#http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 inside ------------------对内启用 ASDM 连接
12.控制列表
access-list acl_out extended permit tcp any any eq www ------------------允许 tcp 协议 80 端口入站
access-list acl_out extended permit tcp any any eq https ------------------允许 tcp 协议 443 端口入
站
access-list acl_out extended permit tcp any host 218.16.37.223 eq ftp
↑//允许 tcp 协议 21 端口到 218.16.37.223 主机
access-list acl_out extended permit tcp any host 218.16.37.224 eq 3389
↑//允许 tcp 协议 3389 端口到 218.16.37.224 主机
access-list acl_out extended permit tcp any host 218.16.37.225 eq 1433
↑//允许 tcp 协议 1433 端口到 218.16.37.225 主机
access-list acl_out extended permit tcp any host 218.16.37.226 eq 8080
↑//允许 tcp 协议 8080 端口到 218.16.37.226 主机
asa5505(config)#show access-list ------------------验证配置
13.设置路由
asa5505(config)#route dmz 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.10.10.33 1
↑//静态路由到 10.0.0.0 网段经过 10.10.10.33 网关跳数为 1
asa5505(config)#route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 218.16.37.193 1
↑//默认路由到所有网段经过 218.16.37.193 网关跳数为 1
asa5505# show route ------------------显示路由信息
14.静态 NAT
asa5505(config)# static (inside,outside) 218.16.37.223 192.168.1.6 netmask 255.255.255.255
↑//外网 218.16.37.223 映射到内网 192.168.1.6
asa5505(config)#access-list acl_out extended permit icmp any any
↑//控制列表名 acl_out 允许 ICMP 协议
asa5505(config)#access-group acl_out in interface outside
↑//控制列表 acl_out 应用到 outside 接口
asa5505(config)#static (inside,dmz) 10.10.10.37 192.168.1.16 netmask 255.255.255.255
↑//dmz10.10.10.37 映射到内网 192.168.1.16
asa5505(config)#access-list acl_dmz extended permit icmp any any
↑//控制列表名 acl_dmz 允许 ICMP 协议
asa5505(config)#access-groupacl_dmz in interface dmz -----------------控制列表 acl_out 应用到
dmz 接口 asa5505(config)#Show nat ------------------验证配置
15.动态 NAT
asa5505(config)#global(outside) 1 218.201.35.224-218.201.35.226 ------------------定义全局地址
池
asa5505(config)#nat(inside) 1 192.168.1.20-192.168.1.22 ------------------内部转换地址池
asa5505(config)# show xlate ------------------验证配置
16.基于端口 NAT(PAT)
asa5505(config)#global (outside) 2 interface ---------------- 定 义 全 局 地 址即 outside 地 址 :
218.16.37.222
asa5505(config)#nat (inside) 2 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 ------------------内部转换地址池
asa5505(config)# show xlate ------------------验证配置
17.基于 LAN 故障倒换(failover)
1).主防火墙配置
asa5505(config)#failover mac addr outside 001a.2b3c.4d11 001a.2b3c.4w12----故障倒换虚拟
MAC 地址
asa5505(config)#failover mac addr inside 001a.2b3c.4d21 001a.2b3c.4w22-----故障倒换虚拟
MAC 地址
asa5505(config)#failover mac addr inside 001a.2b3c.4d21 001a.2b3c.4w32-----故障倒换虚拟
MAC 地址
asa5505(config)#failover ------------------启动故障倒换
asa5505(config)#failover lan unit primary ------------------设置主要防火墙
asa5505(config)#failover lan interface standby Vlan4 ------------------故障倒换接口名 standby
asa5505(config)#failover
standby 172.168.32.1 255.255.255.252
interface
ip
standby
172.168.32.2
↑//配置主防火墙 IP:172.168.32.1,备用防火墙 IP:172.168.32.2
asa5505# show failover ------------------验证配置
2).备防火墙配置
asa5505(config)#failover mac addr outside 001a.2b3c.4d11 001a.2b3c.4w12----故障倒换虚拟
MAC 地址
asa5505(config)#failovermac addr inside 001a.2b3c.4d21001a.2b3c.4w22------ 故 障 倒 换 虚 拟
MAC 地址 asa5505(config)#failover mac addr inside001a.2b3c.4d21 001a.2b3c.4w32------故障倒
换虚拟 MAC 地址 asa5505(config)#failover------------------启动故障倒换
asa5505(config)#failover lan unit secondary ------------------设置备用防火墙
asa5505(config)#failover lan interface standby Vlan4 ------------------故障倒换接口名 standby
asa5505(config)#failover
172.168.32.2
↑//配置主防火墙 IP:172.168.32.1,备用防火墙 IP:172.168.32.2
asa5505# show failover ------------------验证配置
18.显示 mac 地址
asa5505# show switch mac-address-table
19.保存配置
asa5505# write memory
Cisco ASA 5505 防火墙地址映射问题
standby 172.168.32.1 255.255.255.252
interface
ip
standby
解决前些天帮朋友配置一台 Cisco ASA5505 防火墙,映射总是不成功. 在网上也看到很多朋
友遇到了这种问题,都在寻问这个解决方法.有人已经将问题解决了,但没给出解决方
案. 也许这并不是一个很复杂的难题,但我希望通过博客能帮助朋友们及时得到这个小
问题的处理.
基本情况:
WAN: 221.221.147.195 Gateway: 221.221.147.200 LAN: 192.168.0.1
内网中有一台服务器,地址: 192.168.0.10 端口: 8089
故障描述: 内网可正常连接至服务器,外网无法连接. 端口映射出现问题.
解决方法: 命令行错误, 已更正并解决.
问题重点: 采用 "static (inside,outside) 221.221.147.195 192.168.0.10 tcp 8089"
映射.
目前配置如下:
ASA Version 7.2(2)
!
hostname ciscoasa
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
names
!
interface Vlan1
nameif inside
security-level 100
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan2
nameif outside
security-level 0
ip address 221.221.147.195 255.255.255.252
!
interface Ethernet0/0
switchport access vlan 2
!
interface Ethernet0/1
!
interface Ethernet0/2
!
!
interface Ethernet0/4
!
interface Ethernet0/5
!
interface Ethernet0/6
!
interface Ethernet0/7
!
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
ftp mode passive
access-list 101 extended permit tcp any host 221.221.147.195 eq 8089
access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any
access-list 101 extended permit tcp any any
access-list 101 extended permit udp any any
pager lines 24
logging asdm informational
mtu inside 1500
mtu outside 1500
icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400
global (outside) 1 interface
static (inside,outside) 221.221.147.195 192.168.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 tcp
8089 0
access-group 101 in interface outside
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 221.221.147.200 1
timeout xlate 3:00:00
timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02
timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00
timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00
timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute
http server enable
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart
telnet timeout 5
ssh timeout 5
console timeout 0
dhcpd auto_config outside
!
!
class-map inspection_default
match default-inspection-traffic
!
policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
parameters
message-length maximum 512
policy-map global_policy
class inspection_default
inspect dns preset_dns_map
inspect ftp
inspect h323 h225
inspect h323 ras
inspect rsh
inspect rtsp
inspect esmtp
inspect sqlnet
inspect skinny
inspect sunrpc
inspect xdmcp
inspect sip
inspect netbios
inspect tftp
!
service-policy global_policy global
prompt hostname context
Cryptochecksum:30e219cbc04a4c919e7411de55e14a64
: end
ciscoasa(config)#
------------------------------------------------------------
在找寻解决方案过程中,有朋友做了重要提示, 采用: static (inside,outside) int
192.168.0.10 tcp 8089 做映射,但出现警告提示:
WARNING: static redireting all traffics at outside interface;
WARNING: all services terminating at outside interface are disabled.
后来将命令改成: static (inside,outside) 221.221.147.195 192.168.0.10 tcp
8089 问题解决.
ASA5505 配置笔记
1.IP 地址配置
#int vlan1
#>nameif outside
#security-level 0
#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.0.0.
#end
#int vlan 2
#nameif insiede
#security-levlel 100
#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
#end
2.把端口指定到相应 VLAN 中
#int Eth0/0
#switchport access vlan 1
end
#int Eth0/1
switchport access vlan 2
end
#exit
3.配置 Http.telnet 和 ssh 管理
#username xxx password xxxxxx encrypted privilege 15
#aaa authentication enable console LOCAL
#aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL
#aaa authentication http console LOCAL