2006 年山东青岛科技大学英语综合考研真题 A 卷 PART I LINGUISTICS (60 points) Section I Define the following terms (20 points) Give the definition of each term in no less than 50 words. 1. syntagmatic relations 2. register 3. frequency effect 4. linguistics Section II Essay questions (40 points) Answer each of the following questions in no less than 100 words. 1.What are the major contributions made by Saussure to modern linguistics? 2.What are the distinctions between competence and performance made by Chomsky? 3.Explain Grice’s four cooperative principles. 4.Define the distinctions between “foreign language” and “second language”. PART II TRANSLATION (60 points) Section I Translate the following passage into Chinese (20 points) I doubt whether the importance of humor has been fully appreciated, or the possibility of its use in changing the quality and character of our entire cultural life---the place of humor in politics, humor in scholarship, and humor in life. Because its function is chemical, rather than physical, it alters the basic texture of our thought and experience. It seems to me the worst comment on dictatorships is that presidents of democracies can laugh, while dictators always look so serious---with a protruding jaw, a determined chin, a pouched lower lip, as if they were doing something terribly important and the world could not be saved, except by them. ------From “Humor and Politics” by Lin Yutang Section II Translate the following passage into English (20 points) 又有一些，执笔为文，斐然可诵，而视数理科目为仇讐，勉强才能及格，问其故则曰其兴趣 不在数理方面，而且他们觉得某些科目没有趣味，便撇在一旁视如蔽屣，怡然自得，振振有 词，略无愧色，好像这就是发扬趣味主义。殊不知天下没有没有趣味的学问，端视吾人如何 发掘其趣味。如果在良师指导之下按部就班的循序而进，一步一步的发现新天地，当然乐在 其中。如果浅尝辄止，甚至躐等躁进，当然味同嚼蜡，自讨没趣。 ------节选自梁实秋《学问与趣味》 Section III Translate the following passage into English (20 points) 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道、受业、解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从 师，其为惑也，终不解矣。 生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师 之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所 存也。 ------节选自韩愈《师说》 

PART III WRITING (30 points) In an essay of at least 300 words, present your own perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views. “The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas --- not to prepare them for a specific job.”