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2023-2024学年上海市浦东新区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案.doc

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    2023-2024 学年上海市浦东新区高三上学期期中英语试题及 答案 （完卷时间：120 分钟 满分：140 分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Shampoo-do we really need to use it? Buying shampoo can be overwhelming-there are so many brands to choose from, across a huge range of prices. Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair,___1___others promise to strengthen and add volume. But is any of these claims true? Do we even need shampoo at all? Since long before shampoo___2___ (invent)-some say in India-our bodies have been producing sebum, an oil-like substance. Sebum stops our skin ___3___ (get) dry, manages the health of our scalp and makes our hair shiny. But it also collects dirt, and, if___4___ (leave) untouched for too long, sebum can cause our hair to become greasy. There are no disadvantages from a health perspective to letting our hair be greasy, says Eleanore Richardson, Trichologist at Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic, but many people choose to wash their hair ___5___ a regular basis for aesthetic reasons. And so we reach for the shampoo bottle. Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfactants. They grab the dirt and grease from the surface of our hair, meaning when we rinse away the shampoo, we also wash away the grease and dirt. But,___6___ Laura Waters, a professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis, points out, some surfactants work too well and take the natural oils out of the hair as well. Though more expensive shampoos may contain___7___(harsh) surfactants, the type of shampoo 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    doesn’t really matter. “It’s on our hair very briefly and gets washed away”. It’s the conditioners and styling products that we use after the shampoo that make a bigger difference to the texture and feel of our hair. Naturally, the more we put onto our hair, the more we need to cleanse it off,___8___ (create) a vicious circle. So, yes, it seems we do have a need for shampoo, but we also shouldn’t expect it___9___ (serve) as a miracle cure. And, finally, next time you’re in a shampoo aisle, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo ____10____ bring them back to life. See to it that you make better decisions. 【答案】1. while 2. was invented 3. getting 4. left 5. on 6. as 7. less harsh 8. creating 9. to serve 10. can 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。洗发水品牌会让人应接不暇，有些品牌承诺修复和滋养我们的头 发，有些品牌承诺加强和增加头发体积，但是这些说法是真的吗？我们甚至需要洗发水吗？ 作者认为下次购买洗发水的时候，要记住头发是由死亡的蛋白质细胞组成的，即使是最昂贵 的洗发水也无法让它们复活，确保你做出更好的决定。 【1 题详解】 考查连词。句意：一些品牌承诺修复和滋养我们的头发，而其他品牌承诺加强和增加头发的 量。根据上文“Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair (一些品牌承诺修 复和滋养我们的头发)”以及下文“others promise to strengthen and add volume (其他 品牌承诺加强和增加头发的量)”可知，这是两个并列的句子，前后句之间为对比关系，空 白处应填表示对比关系的连词，故填 while。 【2 题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：早在洗发水发明之前，就有人说在印度，我们的身体就产生了皮脂， 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    一种类似油的物质。分析句子结构，这是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句，空白处在从句中 作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因从句表达的是过去发生的动作，使用 一般过去时的被动语态，又因从句的主语 shampoo 为单数，故填 was invented。 【3 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：皮脂可以阻止我们的皮肤干燥，管理头皮的健康，让我们的头发有 光泽。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语补足语，使用非谓语动词，因 stop…(from) doing 为固定短语，含义为“阻止……”，符合句意，所以空白处填动名词形式，故填 getting。 【4 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但它也会收集污垢，如果长时间不动，皮脂会导致我们的头发变得 油腻。分析句子结构，空白处是状语从句的省略，if 引导的条件状语从句的主语和主句主 语一致，且含有 be 动词，可以省略主语+be 动词，句子为 if sebum is left untouched for too long，leave 与其逻辑主语 sebum 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填 left。 【5 题详解】 考查介词。句意：富勒姆头皮和头发诊所的毛发学家 Eleanore Richardson 说，从健康的角 度来看，让头发油腻没有坏处，但许多人出于审美原因选择定期洗头。分析句子结构，on a regular basis 为固定短语，含义为“定期地”，符合句意，故填 on。 【6 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但是，正如药物分析教授 Laura Waters 所指出的，“一些表面活性剂 效果太好了”，也会带走头发中的天然油脂。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合 句，先行词为下文一整句话表示的内容，且根据句意可知空白处应填表示“正如”含义的关 系代词，故填 as。 【7 题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：虽然更昂贵的洗发水可能含有不那么粗糙的表面活性剂，但洗 发水的类型其实并不重要。根据上文“more(更)”可知空白处应填形容词的比较级，再根据 上文“expensive (贵的)”以及下文“harsh (粗糙的)”可知上下文之间为转折关系，空白 处应填 more 的反义词修饰形容词 harsh，故填 less harsh。 【8 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：自然，我们在头发上涂得越多，就越需要把它洗掉，从而形成一个 恶性循环。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，根据下文“a vicious circle (恶性循环)”可知此处表达的是一个符合逻辑的自然的结果，使用现在分词做结果 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    状语，故填 creating。 【9 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们似乎确实需要洗发水，但我们也不应该指望它能成为一种神奇 的疗法。分析空白处在句子中做宾补，使用非谓语动词，因空白处表示的是一个指向将来的 不确定的动作，使用动词不定式，故填 to serve。 【10 题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：最后，下次你在洗发水货架上时，请记住，头发是由死亡的蛋白质细 胞组成的，不幸的是，即使是最昂贵的洗发水也无法让它们复活。根据上文“dead protein cells (死亡的蛋白质细胞)”以及下文“bring them back to life (让它们复活)”可推理 出空白处应填表示“能”含义的情态动词，故填 can。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accounts B. credibility C. declaring D. filtered E. pays F. particularly G. enduring H. principle I. ignoring J. reputation K. revolutionized The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. Viya, known as the live-streaming queen, has already been fined $210m for not ____11____ her income. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the large scale of the industry, which ____12____ for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) ____13____ role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements (宣传，代言) used to be about taking advantage of existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike____14____ both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and ____15____ 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the ____16____. Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. However, only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, ____17____ younger shoppers. And influencers are technologically proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly adapt to and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their ____18____. Despite the risk, ____19____ influencers is a mistake. Their share of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The borderline between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s-ads targeted through Google and Facebook-is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to spy on potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding_____20_____ should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. G 14. K 15. D 16. B 17. F 18. J 19. I 20. H 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成为一个网红是一件严肃的事情。 【11 题详解】 考查动词。句意：被称为“直播女王”的 Viya 已经因未申报收入而被罚款 2.1 亿美元。由 句意和后文提示“her income”可知，此处 C 选项 declaring 符合题意，表示“申报”收入， 作介词的宾语。故选 C。 【12 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这项税收的规模显示出该行业的规模之大，占中国在线销售额的 12%。分 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    析句子成分，该空作从句的谓语动词，由后文提示“for 12%”可知 A 符合题意。account for 表示“（数量或比例上）占”，主语 the large scale of the industry 是单数，谓语也要用 单数，即 accounts。故选 A。 【13 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在中国以外，网红也可能在电子商务领域发挥持久的作用。该空位于名 词 role 前，所以填形容词作定语。结合句意，G 选项 enduring 符合题意，表示“持久的”。 故选 G。 【14 题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，迈克尔·乔丹(Michael Jordan)在 1984 年与耐克(Nike)签订的协 议彻底改变了篮球和品牌。分析句子结构，该空是句子的谓语动词。由句意可知，此处表示 该协议“彻底改变”了篮球和品牌，所以 K 符合题意。该协议是在 1984 年发生的，所以是 一般过去时，即 revolutionized。故选 K。 【15 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通过剪辑了的视频和修图后的照片，他们向消费者提供推荐，并对他们 的日常生活进行一瞥，以增加可信度。连词 and 表示前后结构一致，由 and 前的“clipped videos”可知，此处 filtered 符合题意。表示“修图后”的照片，作定语。故选 D。 【16 题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过剪辑了的视频和修图后的照片，他们向消费者提供推荐，并对他们的 日常生活进行一瞥，以增加可信度。空前是定冠词 the，所以该空填名词。由句意可知，此 处表示增加“可信度”，所以 B 选项 credibility 符合题意。故选 B。 【17 题详解】 考查副词。句意： 网红的网络可以吸引新的受众，尤其是年轻的购物者。由句意可知空后 的“young shoppers”是对空前的“new audiences”的举例说明，所以 F 选项 particularly 符合题意，表示“特别，尤其”作状语。故选 F。 【18 题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们担心他们的名誉。根据空前提示词“their”可知，该空填名词。结 合句意，他们担心的是他们的“名誉”，所以 J 选项 reputation 符合题意，作宾语。故选 J。 【19 题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管存在风险，但忽视网红是一个错误。Despite 表示前后句意呈转折关 系，尽管有风险，但是不能去“忽略”网红这一群体，所以 I 选项 ignoring 符合题意，ignoring 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    influencers 在句中作主语。故选 I。 【20 题详解】 考查名词。句意：指导原则应该是只使用那些向受众披露帖子有报酬的网红。分析句子结构， 该空填名词，在句中作主语，由提示词“guiding”可知，H 选项 principle 符合题意，表 示指导“原则”，故选 H。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Recently, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand of New York said that if we want to fix the gridlock (僵局) in Congress, we need more women. Women are more focused on finding common ground and ____21____, she argued. Besides, neuroscientists have uncovered evidence suggesting that, when the ____22____ is on, women bring unique strengths to decision making. Mara Mather and Nichole R. Lighthall, two cognitive neuroscientists, are two of the many researchers who have found that under normal circumstances, when everything is low-key and ___23___, men and women make decisions about risk in similar ways. We gather the best information we can, we ____24____ potential costs against potential gains, and then we choose how to act. ____25____, add stress to the situation and men and women begin to part ways. Dr. Mather and her team taught people a simple computer gambling game, in which they got points for inflating (给……充气) digital balloons. The more they inflated each balloon, the greater its value, and the ____26____ of popping it. When they were relaxed, men and women took similar risks and averaged a similar number of pumps. But after experiencing the cold water, the stressed women ____27____ sooner, cashing out their winnings and going with the more guaranteed win. Stressed men did just the ____28____. They kept pumping — in one study averaging about 50 percent more pumps than the women and risking more. Of course, just because it works this way in a(n) ____29____ it doesn’t mean 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
    the same thing happens in the messy real world. Do organizations with women _____30_____ actually make less risky and more empathetic decisions in stressful circumstances? Some evidence suggests they do. Credit Suisse (瑞士信贷) examined almost 2,400 global corporations from 2005 to 2011 — including the years directly preceding (之 前的) and _____31_____ the financial crisis — and found that companies with at least one woman on their boards _____32_____ comparable companies with all-male boards by 26 percent. _____33_____, what often happens is that women are asked to lead only during periods of intense stress. It’s called the glass cliff, in which highly qualified women are asked to lead organizations only in times of _____34_____. Think of Mary T. Barra at General Motors and Marissa Mayer at Yahoo, who were both brought in only after things had begun to fall apart. If more women were key decision makers, perhaps organizations could respond effectively to small stresses, _____35_____ letting them escalate into huge ones. There’s a good reason that we’d benefit from more women in positions of power. 21. A. socializing B. memorizing C. cooperating D. deciding 22. A. presentation B. pressure C. administration D. measure 23. A. understandable B. acceptable C. manageable remarkable 24. A. fight B. weigh C. race protest 25. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. Likewise D. D. D. However 26. A. sound B. result C. sight D. risk 27. A. pumped B. escaped C. stopped D. learned 28. A. same B. opposite C. great D. latter 学科 网（北 京）股 份有限 公司
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