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zemax中文说明手册.pdf
Zemax 中文手册
ZEMAX
中文手册
Optical Design Program
User's Manual
Hxji 排版
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Zemax 中文手册
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
目 录
目 录 ............................................................................................................................................................................... I
第一章 引 言 .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
关于本手册的说明 .................................................................................................................................................... 1
ZEMAX 能做什么？ ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
ZEMAX 不能做什么？ ................................................................................................................................................. 1
学习如何使用 ZEMAX ................................................................................................................................................. 2
系统要求 .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
运行 ZEMAX ................................................................................................................................................................. 2
第二章 用户界面 .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
概述 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
视窗的类型 ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
主窗口的操作方法 .................................................................................................................................................... 4
编辑窗口的操作 ................................................................................................................................................ 5
图形窗口操作 .................................................................................................................................................... 5
使用注释功能 .................................................................................................................................................... 6
使用移动和缩放功能 ........................................................................................................................................ 7
文本窗口操作 ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
对话框操作 ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
常用快捷键总结 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
使用 Windows 剪切板 .............................................................................................................................................. 10
第三章 习惯用法和定义 ................................................................................................................................................ 11
介绍 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
活动结构 .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
角放大率 .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
切迹 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
后焦距 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11
基面 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
主光线 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
坐标轴（系） .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
衍射极限 .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
边缘厚度 .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
有效焦距 .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
入瞳直经 .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
入瞳位置 .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
出瞳直径 .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
出瞳位置 .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
额外数据 .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
视场角和物高 .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
光阑位移 .................................................................................................................................................................. 14
六边环（Hexapolar rings） ................................................................................................................................ 14
像空间 F/# ............................................................................................................................................................... 14
像空间数值孔径（NA） .......................................................................................................................................... 14
I
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透镜单位 .................................................................................................................................................................. 15
边缘光线 .................................................................................................................................................................. 15
最大视场 .................................................................................................................................................................. 15
非近轴系统 .............................................................................................................................................................. 15
非顺序光线追迹 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
归一化视场和瞳面坐标 .......................................................................................................................................... 15
物方数值孔径 .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
参数数据 .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
近轴像高 .................................................................................................................................................................. 17
近轴放大率 .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
近轴工作 F/# ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
主波长 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 17
曲率半径 .................................................................................................................................................................. 17
弧矢与子午 .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
半口径 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
顺序光线追迹 .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
斯特利尔比例数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
表面口径 .................................................................................................................................................................. 18
系统孔径 .................................................................................................................................................................. 18
厚度 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
全反射（TIR） ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
总长度 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19
渐晕系数 .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
波长数据 .................................................................................................................................................................. 20
工作 F/# ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
第四章 设计教程 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
简介 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
课程 1：单透镜（a singlet） ............................................................................................................................. 22
课程 2：双透镜（a doublet） ............................................................................................................................. 26
课程 3：牛顿望远镜（a Newtonian telescope） ............................................................................................. 29
课程 4：带有非球面矫正器的 施密特—卡塞格林系统（Schmidt-Cassegrain） ......................................... 32
课程 5：多重结构配置的激光束扩大器（a multi-configuration laser beam expander） ...................... 35
课程 6：折叠反射镜面和坐标断点（fold mirrors and coordinate breads）............................................ 37
课程 7：消色差单透镜 ........................................................................................................................................... 38
第五章 文件菜单 ........................................................................................................................................................ 40
§5.1 新建（New） ................................................................................................................................................. 40
§5.2 打开（Open） ............................................................................................................................................... 40
§5.3 保存（Save） ............................................................................................................................................... 40
§5.4 另存为（Save as） ..................................................................................................................................... 40
§5.5 附加（Append） ........................................................................................................................................... 40
§5.6 环境（Environment） ................................................................................................................................. 41
§5.6.1 地址（Address） ............................................................................................................................. 41
§5.6.2 目录(Directories) ......................................................................................................................... 41
§5.6.3 图表（Graphics） ........................................................................................................................... 42
§5.6.4 颜色（Colors） ............................................................................................................................... 43
II
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§5.6.5 文本（Text） ................................................................................................................................... 43
§5.6.6 编辑（Edit） ................................................................................................................................... 43
§5.6.7 打印（Printing） ........................................................................................................................... 44
§5.6.8 按钮条（Button Bar） ................................................................................................................... 46
§5.6.9 状态条（Status Bar） ................................................................................................................... 46
§5.7 退出（Exit） ............................................................................................................................................... 46
§5.8 最近用的文件（Recently used file） ................................................................................................... 46
第六章 编辑菜单 ........................................................................................................................................................ 47
§6.1 镜头数据(Lens Data) ................................................................................................................................. 47
§6.1.1 插入或删除面数据 (Inserting and deleting surfaces) ....................................................... 47
§6.1.2 剪切、复制和粘贴面数据(Cutting，Copying，and Pasting surface data) ........................ 48
§6.1.3 输入面注释(Entering surface comments) ................................................................................. 48
§6.1.4 输入半径数据(Entering radii data) ......................................................................................... 48
§6.1.5 输入厚度(Entering thickness data) ......................................................................................... 48
§6.1.6 输入玻璃数据(Entering glass data) ......................................................................................... 48
§6.1.7 输入半口径数据(Entering semi-diameter) ............................................................................... 49
§6.1.8 输入二次曲面数据(Entering conic data) ................................................................................. 49
§6.1.9 输入参数数据 (Entering parameter data) ............................................................................... 49
§6.1.10 确定光栏面(Defining the stop surface) ............................................................................... 49
§6.1.11 选择面型(Selecting surface types) ....................................................................................... 50
§6.1.12 各面通光口径的确定(Specifying surface apertures) ......................................................... 50
§6.1.13 用户自定义口径和挡光(User defined apertures and obscurations) ................................ 51
§6.1.14 到达表面和从表面射出的光线的隐藏(Hiding rays to and from surfaces) ...................... 52
§6.1.15 设置和撤销求解(Setting and removing solves) ................................................................... 52
§6.1.16 选项菜单(Menu options) ............................................................................................................. 52
§6.1.17 编辑(Edit) ..................................................................................................................................... 53
§6.1.18 求解(Solves) ................................................................................................................................. 54
§6.1.19 选项(Options) ............................................................................................................................... 54
§6.1.20 帮助(Help) ..................................................................................................................................... 54
§6.2 评价函数(Merit Function) ....................................................................................................................... 54
§6.2.1 编辑(Edit) ....................................................................................................................................... 54
§6.2.2 工具(Tools) ..................................................................................................................................... 55
§6.2.3 帮助 ................................................................................................................................................... 56
§6.3 多重数据结构 (Multi-Configuration) ................................................................................................... 56
§6.3.1 编辑 (Edit) ..................................................................................................................................... 56
§6.3.2 求解(Solves) ................................................................................................................................... 56
§6.3.3 工具(Tools) ..................................................................................................................................... 56
§6.3.4 帮助 ................................................................................................................................................... 57
§6.4 公差数据(Tolerance Data) ....................................................................................................................... 57
§6.4.1 编辑(Edit) ....................................................................................................................................... 57
§6.4.2 工具(Tools) ..................................................................................................................................... 58
§6.4.3 帮助 ................................................................................................................................................... 58
§6.5 附加数据(Extra Data) ............................................................................................................................... 59
§6.5.1 编辑(Edit) ....................................................................................................................................... 59
§6.5.2 求解(Sloves) ................................................................................................................................... 59
III
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§6.5.3 工具(Tools) ..................................................................................................................................... 59
§6.5.4 帮助(Help) ....................................................................................................................................... 60
§6.6 撤销，重做，和恢复(Undo，Redo，Recover) ......................................................................................... 60
§6.6.1 撤销：无(Undo：None) ................................................................................................................... 60
§6.6.2 撤销： 一步记忆撤销(Undo：Memory 1 Step) ........................................................................... 60
§6.6.3 撤销：多重存盘撤销 (Undo：Disk Multi Step) ....................................................................... 60
第七章 系统菜单 ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
§7.1 全部更新（Update All） .......................................................................................................................... 62
§7.2 更新（Update） .......................................................................................................................................... 62
§7.3 通用数据 （General） .............................................................................................................................. 62
§7.3.1 镜头标题 （Lens Title） ............................................................................................................. 62
§7.3.2 光圈类型 （Aperture Type） ....................................................................................................... 63
§7.3.3 光圈值 （Aperture Value） ......................................................................................................... 63
§7.3.4 镜头单位 （Lens Units） ............................................................................................................. 63
§7.3.5 玻璃库 （Glass Catalogs） ......................................................................................................... 64
§7.3.6 注解 （Notes） ............................................................................................................................... 64
§7.4 高级数据（Advanced） .............................................................................................................................. 64
§7.4.1 光线定位 （Ray Aiming） ............................................................................................................. 64
§7.4.2 使用光线定位贮藏器 （Use Ray Aiming Cache） ..................................................................... 65
§7.4.3 加强型光线定位（慢）（Robust Ray Aiming （slow）） ........................................................... 65
§7.4.4 光瞳漂移：X，Y，Z （Pupil Shift：X，Y，and Z） ............................................................... 66
§7.4.5 变迹法 （Apodization Type） ..................................................................................................... 66
§7.4.6 变迹因子 （Apodization Factor） ............................................................................................. 67
§7.4.7 光程差参数 （Referece OPD） ..................................................................................................... 68
§7.4.8 近轴光线 （Paraxial Rays） ....................................................................................................... 69
§7.4.9 快速非球面追迹 （Fast Asphere Trace） ................................................................................. 69
§7.4.10 检查梯度折射率元件的口径 （Check GRIN Apertures） ....................................................... 69
§7.4.11 使用 T，P （Use T，P） .............................................................................................................. 70
§7.4.12 温度 （Temperature） ................................................................................................................. 70
§7.4.13 压力 （Pressure） ....................................................................................................................... 70
§7.4.14 半口径余量% （Semi Diameter Margin in %） ....................................................................... 70
§7.4.15 半口径的快速计算法(Fast Semi-Diameters) ........................................................................... 71
§7.4.16 全局坐标参考面 （Global Coordinate Reference Surface）.............................................. 71
§7.5 视场 （Fields） ........................................................................................................................................ 72
§7.6 波长 （Wavelength） ................................................................................................................................ 73
§7.7 偏振状态 （Polarization State） ........................................................................................................ 73
§7.8 下一重结构 （Next Configuration） ..................................................................................................... 74
§7.9 最后结构 （Last Configuration） ........................................................................................................ 74
第八章 分析菜单 ............................................................................................................................................................ 75
§8.1 导言(Introduction) .................................................................................................................................. 75
§8.2 外形图(Layout) .......................................................................................................................................... 75
§8.2.1 二维外形图(2D Layout) ................................................................................................................. 75
§8.2.2 3D 外形图(3D Layout) ................................................................................................................... 77
§8.2.3 立体模型(Solid Model) ................................................................................................................. 78
§8.2.4 网格图(Wireframe) ......................................................................................................................... 79
IV
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§8.2.5 阴影图(Shaded Model) ................................................................................................................... 80
§8.2.6 画元件图(Element Drawing) ......................................................................................................... 80
§8.3 特性曲线(Fans) .......................................................................................................................................... 82
§8.3.1 光线像差(Ray Aberration) ........................................................................................................... 82
§8.3.2 光程(Optical Path) ....................................................................................................................... 83
§8.3.3 光瞳像差(Pupil Abberation) ....................................................................................................... 83
§8.4 点列图(Spot Diagram) .............................................................................................................................. 84
§8.4.1 标准(Standard) ............................................................................................................................... 84
§8.4.2 离焦(Through Focus) ..................................................................................................................... 86
§8.4.3 全视场(Full Field) ....................................................................................................................... 86
§8.4.4 矩阵(Matrix) ................................................................................................................................... 87
§8.5 调制传递函数 MTF ..................................................................................................................................... 87
§8.5.1 调制传递函数 ................................................................................................................................... 87
§8.5.2 离焦的 MTF ........................................................................................................................................ 89
§8.5.3MTF 曲面 ............................................................................................................................................. 90
§8.5.4MTF 和视场的关系 ............................................................................................................................. 91
§8.5.5 几何传递函数 ................................................................................................................................... 91
§8.5.6 离焦的几何 MTF ................................................................................................................................ 92
§8.6 点扩散函数（PSF） .................................................................................................................................... 93
§8.6.1FFT 点扩散函数 ................................................................................................................................. 93
§8.6.2 惠更斯点扩散函数 ........................................................................................................................... 96
§8.7 波前 .............................................................................................................................................................. 98
§8.7. 1 波前图 ............................................................................................................................................. 98
§8.7. 2 干涉图 ............................................................................................................................................. 99
§8.8 均方根 ........................................................................................................................................................ 100
§8.8. 1 作为视场函数的均方根 ............................................................................................................... 100
§8.8. 2 作为波长函数的 RMS .................................................................................................................... 101
§8.8. 3 作为离焦量函数的均方根 ........................................................................................................... 102
§8.9 包围圆能量 ................................................................................................................................................ 104
§8.9. 1 衍射法 .......................................................................................................................................... 104
§8.9. 2 几何法 .......................................................................................................................................... 105
§8.9. 3 线性/边缘响应 ............................................................................................................................ 106
§8.10 照度 .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
§8.10.1 相对照度 ...................................................................................................................................... 106
§8.10. 2 渐晕图 ........................................................................................................................................ 107
§8.10. 3 XY 方向照度分布 ..................................................................................................................... 108
§8.10. 4 二维面照度 ................................................................................................................................ 109
§8.11 像分析 ...................................................................................................................................................... 110
§8.11.1 几何像分析 ................................................................................................................................... 110
§8.11.2 衍射像分析 .................................................................................................................................. 114
§8.12 其他 .......................................................................................................................................................... 118
§8.12.1 场曲和畸变 .................................................................................................................................. 118
§8.12.2 网格畸变 ....................................................................................................................................... 120
§8.12. 3 光线痕迹图 ................................................................................................................................ 122
§8.12. 4 万用图表 .................................................................................................................................... 123
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§8.12. 5 纵向像差 .................................................................................................................................... 124
§8.12. 6 横向色差 ..................................................................................................................................... 125
§8.12. 7 Y-Y bar 图 ................................................................................................................................. 125
§8.12. 8 焦点色位移 ................................................................................................................................ 126
§8.12. 9 色散图 ........................................................................................................................................ 127
§8.12. 10 波长和内透过率的关系 .......................................................................................................... 127
§8.12. 11 玻璃图 ...................................................................................................................................... 128
§8.12. 12 系统总结图 .............................................................................................................................. 128
§8.13 计算 .......................................................................................................................................................... 129
§8.13.1 光线追迹 ...................................................................................................................................... 129
§8.13. 2 赛得系数 .................................................................................................................................... 130
§8.14 梯度折射率（略） .................................................................................................................................. 133
§8.15 偏振（略） .............................................................................................................................................. 133
§8.16 镀膜（略） .............................................................................................................................................. 133
第九章 工具菜单 .......................................................................................................................................................... 134
§9.1 优化 (Optimization) ............................................................................................................................ 134
§9.2 全局优化(Global Search) .................................................................................................................... 134
§9.3 锤形优化(Hammer Optimization) ........................................................................................................ 134
§9.4 消除所有的变量(Remove All Variable) ............................................................................................ 135
§9.5 评价函数列表(Merit Function Listing) .......................................................................................... 135
§9.6 公差(Tolerancing) ................................................................................................................................ 135
§9.7 公差列表(Tolerance Listing) ............................................................................................................ 135
§9.8 公差汇总表(Tolerance Summary) ........................................................................................................ 135
§9.9 套样板(Test Plate Fitting) .............................................................................................................. 136
§9.10 样板列表(Test Plate Lists) ............................................................................................................ 137
§9.11 玻璃库(Catalogs) .................................................................................................................................. 138
§9.12 镜头库(Lens Catalogs) ........................................................................................................................ 138
§9.13 编辑镀膜文件(Edit Coating File) .................................................................................................... 140
§9.14 给所有的面添加膜层参数(Add Coating to All Surface) .............................................................. 140
§9.15 镀膜列表(Coating Listing) ................................................................................................................ 140
§9.16 变换半口径为环形口径(Convert Semi-Diameter to Circular Apertures) ................................. 141
§9.17 变换半口径为浮动口径 (Convert Semi-Diameter to Floating Apertures) ............................... 141
§9.18 将零件反向排列(Reverse Elements) ................................................................................................... 141
§9.19 镜头缩放(Scale Lens) .......................................................................................................................... 142
§9.20 生成焦距(Make Focal) .......................................................................................................................... 142
§9.21 快速调焦(Quick Focus) ........................................................................................................................ 142
§9.22 添加折叠反射镜（Add Fold Mirror） ................................................................................................ 143
§9.24 系统复杂性测试(Performance Test) ................................................................................................... 145
§9.25 输出 IGES 文件(Export IGES File) .................................................................................................... 146
第十章 报告菜单 ........................................................................................................................................................ 148
§10.1 介绍 ........................................................................................................................................................... 148
§10.2 表面数据（Surface Data） ................................................................................................................... 148
§10.3 系统数据（System Data） ..................................................................................................................... 149
§10.4 规格数据（Prescription Data） ......................................................................................................... 149
§10.5 Report Graphics 4/6 ............................................................................................................................ 150
VI
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