第1页 / 共741页
第2页 / 共741页
第3页 / 共741页
第4页 / 共741页
第5页 / 共741页
第6页 / 共741页
第7页 / 共741页
第8页 / 共741页
Fundamentals of Multimedia Second Edition.pdf
Preface
Contents
Part IIntroduction and Multimedia Data Representations
1 Introduction to Multimedia
1.1 What is Multimedia?
1.1.1 Components of Multimedia
1.2 Multimedia: Past and Present
1.2.1 Early History of Multimedia
1.2.2 Hypermedia, WWW, and Internet
1.2.3 Multimedia in the New Millennium
1.3 Multimedia Software Tools: A Quick Scan
1.3.1 Music Sequencing and Notation
1.3.2 Digital Audio
1.3.3 Graphics and Image Editing
1.3.4 Video Editing
1.3.5 Animation
1.3.6 Multimedia Authoring
1.4 Multimedia in the Future
1.5 Exercises
2 A Taste of Multimedia
2.1 Multimedia Tasks and Concerns
2.2 Multimedia Presentation
2.3 Data Compression
2.4 Multimedia Production
2.5 Multimedia Sharing and Distribution
2.6 Some Useful Editing and Authoring Tools
2.6.1 Adobe Premiere
2.6.2 Adobe Director
2.6.3 Adobe Flash
2.7 Exercises
3 Graphics and Image Data Representations
3.1 Graphics/Image Data Types
3.1.1 1-Bit Images
3.1.2 8-Bit Gray-Level Images
3.1.3 Image Data Types
3.1.4 24-Bit Color Images
3.1.5 Higher Bit-Depth Images
3.1.6 8-Bit Color Images
3.1.7 Color Lookup Tables
3.2 Popular File Formats
3.2.1 GIF
3.2.2 JPEG
3.2.3 PNG
3.2.4 TIFF
3.2.5 Windows BMP
3.2.6 Windows WMF
3.2.7 Netpbm Format
3.2.8 EXIF
3.2.9 PS and PDF
3.2.10 PTM
3.3 Exercises
4 Color in Image and Video
4.1 Color Science
4.1.1 Light and Spectra
4.1.2 Human Vision
4.1.3 Spectral Sensitivity of the Eye
4.1.4 Image Formation
4.1.5 Camera Systems
4.1.6 Gamma Correction
4.1.7 Color-Matching Functions
4.1.8 CIE Chromaticity Diagram
4.1.9 Color Monitor Specifications
4.1.10 Out-of-Gamut Colors
4.1.11 White Point Correction
4.1.12 XYZ to RGB Transform
4.1.13 Transform with Gamma Correction
4.1.14 L*a*b* (CIELAB) Color Model
4.1.15 More Color Coordinate Schemes
4.1.16 Munsell Color Naming System
4.2 Color Models in Images
4.2.1 RGB Color Model for Displays
4.2.2 Multisensor Cameras
4.2.3 Camera-Dependent Color
4.2.4 Subtractive Color: CMY Color Model
4.2.5 Transformation from RGB to CMY
4.2.6 Undercolor Removal: CMYK System
4.2.7 Printer Gamuts
4.2.8 Multi-ink Printers
4.3 Color Models in Video
4.3.1 Video Color Transforms
4.3.2 YUV Color Model
4.3.3 YIQ Color Model
4.3.4 YCbCr Color Model
4.4 Exercises
5 Fundamental Concepts in Video
5.1 Analog Video
5.1.1 NTSC Video
5.1.2 PAL Video
5.1.3 SECAM Video
5.2 Digital Video
5.2.1 Chroma Subsampling
5.2.2 CCIR and ITU-R Standards for Digital Video
5.2.3 High-Definition TV
5.2.4 Ultra High Definition TV (UHDTV)
5.3 Video Display Interfaces
5.3.1 Analog Display Interfaces
5.3.2 Digital Display Interfaces
5.4 3D Video and TV
5.4.1 Cues for 3D Percept
5.4.2 3D Camera Models
5.4.3 3D Movie and TV Based on Stereo Vision
5.4.4 The Vergence-Accommodation Conflict
5.4.5 Autostereoscopic (Glasses-Free) Display Devices
5.4.6 Disparity Manipulation in 3D Content Creation
5.5 Exercises
6 Basics of Digital Audio
6.1 Digitization of Sound
6.1.1 What is Sound?
6.1.2 Digitization
6.1.3 Nyquist Theorem
6.1.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
6.1.5 Signal-to-Quantization-Noise Ratio (SQNR)
6.1.6 Linear and Nonlinear Quantization
6.1.7 Audio Filtering
6.1.8 Audio Quality Versus Data Rate
6.1.9 Synthetic Sounds
6.2 MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface
6.2.1 MIDI Overview
6.2.2 Hardware Aspects of MIDI
6.2.3 Structure of MIDI Messages
6.2.4 General MIDI
6.2.5 MIDI-to-WAV Conversion
6.3 Quantization and Transmission of Audio
6.3.1 Coding of Audio
6.3.2 Pulse Code Modulation
6.3.3 Differential Coding of Audio
6.3.4 Lossless Predictive Coding
6.3.5 DPCM
6.3.6 DM
6.3.7 ADPCM
6.4 Exercises
Part IIMultimedia Data Compression
7 Lossless Compression Algorithms
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Basics of Information Theory
7.3 Run-Length Coding
7.4 Variable-Length Coding
7.4.1 Shannon--Fano Algorithm
7.4.2 Huffman Coding
7.4.3 Adaptive Huffman Coding
7.5 Dictionary-Based Coding
7.6 Arithmetic Coding
7.6.1 Basic Arithmetic Coding Algorithm
7.6.2 Scaling and Incremental Coding
7.6.3 Integer Implementation
7.6.4 Binary Arithmetic Coding
7.6.5 Adaptive Arithmetic Coding
7.7 Lossless Image Compression
7.7.1 Differential Coding of Images
7.7.2 Lossless JPEG
7.8 Exercises
8 Lossy Compression Algorithms
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Distortion Measures
8.3 The Rate-Distortion Theory
8.4 Quantization
8.4.1 Uniform Scalar Quantization
8.4.2 Nonuniform Scalar Quantization
8.4.3 Vector Quantization
8.5 Transform Coding
8.5.1 Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
8.5.2 Karhunen--Loève Transform*
8.6 Wavelet-Based Coding
8.6.1 Introduction
8.6.2 Continuous Wavelet Transform*
8.6.3 Discrete Wavelet Transform*
8.7 Wavelet Packets
8.8 Embedded Zerotree of Wavelet Coefficients
8.8.1 The Zerotree Data Structure
8.8.2 Successive Approximation Quantization
8.8.3 EZW Example
8.9 Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT)
8.10 Exercises
9 Image Compression Standards
9.1 The JPEG Standard
9.1.1 Main Steps in JPEG Image Compression
9.1.2 JPEG Modes
9.1.3 A Glance at the JPEG Bitstream
9.2 The JPEG2000 Standard
9.2.1 Main Steps of JPEG2000 Image Compression*
9.2.2 Adapting EBCOT to JPEG2000
9.2.3 Region-of-Interest Coding
9.2.4 Comparison of JPEG and JPEG2000 Performance
9.3 The JPEG-LS Standard
9.3.1 Prediction
9.3.2 Context Determination
9.3.3 Residual Coding
9.3.4 Near-Lossless Mode
9.4 Bi-level Image Compression Standards
9.4.1 The JBIG Standard
9.4.2 The JBIG2 Standard
9.5 Exercises
10 Basic Video Compression Techniques
10.1 Introduction to Video Compression
10.2 Video Compression Based on Motion Compensation
10.3 Search for Motion Vectors
10.3.1 Sequential Search
10.3.2 2D Logarithmic Search
10.3.3 Hierarchical Search
10.4 H.261
10.4.1 Intra-Frame (I-Frame) Coding
10.4.2 Inter-Frame (P-Frame) Predictive Coding
10.4.3 Quantization in H.261
10.4.4 H.261 Encoder and Decoder
10.4.5 A Glance at the H.261 Video Bitstream Syntax
10.5 H.263
10.5.1 Motion Compensation in H.263
10.5.2 Optional H.263 Coding Modes
10.5.3 H.263+ and H.263++
10.6 Exercises
11 MPEG Video Coding: MPEG-1, 2, 4, and 7
11.1 Overview
11.2 MPEG-1
11.2.1 Motion Compensation in MPEG-1
11.2.2 Other Major Differences from H.261
11.2.3 MPEG-1 Video Bitstream
11.3 MPEG-2
11.3.1 Supporting Interlaced Video
11.3.2 MPEG-2 Scalabilities
11.3.3 Other Major Differences from MPEG-1
11.4 MPEG-4
11.4.1 Overview of MPEG-4
11.4.2 Video Object-Based Coding in MPEG-4
11.4.3 Synthetic Object Coding in MPEG-4
11.4.4 MPEG-4 Parts, Profiles and Levels
11.5 MPEG-7
11.5.1 Descriptor (D)
11.5.2 Description Scheme (DS)
11.5.3 Description Definition Language (DDL)
11.6 Exercises
12 New Video Coding Standards: H.264 and H.265
12.1 H.264
12.1.1 Motion Compensation
12.1.2 Integer Transform
12.1.3 Quantization and Scaling
12.1.4 Examples of H.264 Integer Transform and Quantization
12.1.5 Intra Coding
12.1.6 In-Loop Deblocking Filtering
12.1.7 Entropy Coding
12.1.8 Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC)
12.1.9 Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC)
12.1.10 H.264 Profiles
12.1.11 H.264 Scalable Video Coding
12.1.12 H.264 Multiview Video Coding
12.2 H.265
12.2.1 Motion Compensation
12.2.2 Integer Transform
12.2.3 Quantization and Scaling
12.2.4 Intra Coding
12.2.5 Discrete Sine Transform
12.2.6 In-Loop Filtering
12.2.7 Entropy Coding
12.2.8 Special Coding Modes
12.2.9 H.265 Profiles
12.3 Comparisons of Video Coding Efficiency
12.3.1 Objective Assessment
12.3.2 Subjective Assessment
12.4 Exercises
13 Basic Audio Compression Techniques
13.1 ADPCM in Speech Coding
13.1.1 ADPCM
13.2 G.726 ADPCM, G.727-9
13.3 Vocoders
13.3.1 Phase Insensitivity
13.3.2 Channel Vocoder
13.3.3 Formant Vocoder
13.3.4 Linear Predictive Coding (LPC)
13.3.5 Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP)
13.3.6 Hybrid Excitation Vocoders*
13.4 Exercises
14 MPEG Audio Compression
14.1 Psychoacoustics
14.1.1 Equal-Loudness Relations
14.1.2 Frequency Masking
14.1.3 Temporal Masking
14.2 MPEG Audio
14.2.1 MPEG Layers
14.2.2 MPEG Audio Strategy
14.2.3 MPEG Audio Compression Algorithm
14.2.4 MPEG-2 AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
14.2.5 MPEG-4 Audio
14.3 Other Audio Codecs
14.3.1 Ogg Vorbis
14.4 MPEG-7 Audio and Beyond
14.5 Further Exploration
14.6 Exercises
Part IIIMultimedia Communications and Networking
15 Network Services and Protocols -13pt for Multimedia Communications
15.1 Protocol Layers of Computer Communication Networks
15.2 Local Area Network and Access Networks
15.2.1 LAN Standards
15.2.2 Ethernet Technology
15.2.3 Access Network Technologies
15.3 Internet Technologies and Protocols
15.3.1 Network Layer: IP
15.3.2 Transport Layer: TCP and UDP
15.3.3 Network Address Translation and Firewall
15.4 Multicast Extension
15.4.1 Router-Based Architectures: IP Multicast
15.4.2 Non Router-Based Multicast Architectures
15.5 Quality-of-Service for Multimedia Communications
15.5.1 Quality of Service
15.5.2 Internet QoS
15.5.3 Rate Control and Buffer Management
15.6 Protocols for Multimedia Transmission and Interaction
15.6.1 HyperText Transfer Protocol
15.6.2 Real-Time Transport Protocol
15.6.3 RTP Control Protocol
15.6.4 Real-Time Streaming Protocol
15.7 Case Study: Internet Telephony
15.7.1 Signaling Protocols: H.323 and Session Initiation Protocol
15.8 Further Exploration
15.9 Exercises
16 Internet Multimedia Content
Distribution
16.1 Proxy Caching
16.1.1 Sliding-Interval Caching
16.1.2 Prefix Caching and Segment Caching
16.1.3 Rate-Split Caching and Work-Ahead Smoothing
16.1.4 Summary and Comparison
16.2 Content Distribution Networks (CDNs)
16.2.1 Representative: Akamai Streaming CDN
16.3 Broadcast/Multicast Video-on-Demand
16.3.1 Smart TV and Set-Top Box (STB)
16.3.2 Scalable Multicast/Broadcast VoD
16.4 Broadcast/Multicast for Heterogeneous Users
16.4.1 Stream Replication
16.4.2 Layered Multicast
16.5 Application-Layer Multicast
16.5.1 Representative: End-System Multicast (ESM)
16.5.2 Multi-tree Structure
16.6 Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming with Mesh Overlays
16.6.1 Representative: CoolStreaming
16.6.2 Hybrid Tree and Mesh Overlay
16.7 HTTP-Based Media Streaming
16.7.1 HTTP for Streaming
16.7.2 Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Over HTTP (DASH)
16.8 Exercises
17 Multimedia Over Wireless and Mobile
Networks
17.1 Characteristics of Wireless Channels
17.1.1 Path Loss
17.1.2 Multipath Fading
17.2 Wireless Networking Technologies
17.2.1 1G Cellular Analog Wireless Networks
17.2.2 2G Cellular Networks: GSM and Narrowband CDMA
17.2.3 3G Cellular Networks: Wideband CDMA
17.2.4 4G Cellular Networks and Beyond
17.2.5 Wireless Local Area Networks
17.2.6 Bluetooth and Short-Range Technologies
17.3 Multimedia Over Wireless Channels
17.3.1 Error Detection
17.3.2 Error Correction
17.3.3 Error-Resilient Coding
17.3.4 Error Concealment
17.4 Mobility Management
17.4.1 Network Layer Mobile IP
17.4.2 Link-Layer Handoff Management
17.5 Further Exploration
17.6 Exercises
Part IVMultimedia Information Sharing and Retrieval
18 Social Media Sharing
18.1 Representative Social Media Services
18.1.1 User-Generated Content Sharing
18.1.2 Online Social Networking
18.2 User-Generated Media Content Sharing
18.2.1 YouTube Video Format and Meta-data
18.2.2 Characteristics of YouTube Video
18.2.3 Small-World in YouTube Videos
18.2.4 YouTube from a Partner's View
18.2.5 Enhancing UGC Video Sharing
18.3 Media Propagation in Online Social Networks
18.3.1 Sharing Patterns of Individual Users
18.3.2 Video Propagation Structure and Model
18.3.3 Video Watching and Sharing Behaviors
18.3.4 Coordinating Live Streaming and Online Storage
18.4 Further Exploration
18.5 Exercises
19 Cloud Computing for Multimedia Services
19.1 Cloud Computing Overview
19.1.1 Representative Storage Service: Amazon S3
19.1.2 Representative Computation Service: Amazon EC2
19.2 Multimedia Cloud Computing
19.3 Cloud-Assisted Media Sharing
19.3.1 Impact of Globalization
19.3.2 Case Study: Netflix
19.4 Computation Offloading for Multimedia Services
19.4.1 Requirements for Computation Offloading
19.4.2 Service Partitioning for Video Coding
19.4.3 Case Study: Cloud-Assisted Motion Estimation
19.5 Interactive Cloud Gaming
19.5.1 Issues and Challenges of Cloud Gaming
19.5.2 Real-World Implementation
19.6 Further Exploration
19.7 Exercises
20 Content-Based Retrieval in Digital Libraries
20.1 How Should We Retrieve Images?
20.2 Synopsis of Early CBIR Systems
20.3 C-BIRD: A Case Study
20.3.1 Color Histogram
20.3.2 Color Density and Color Layout
20.3.3 Texture Layout
20.3.4 Texture Analysis Details
20.3.5 Search by Illumination Invariance
20.3.6 Search by Object Model
20.4 Quantifying Search Results
20.5 Key Technologies in Current CBIR Systems
20.5.1 Robust Image Features and Their Representation
20.5.2 Relevance Feedback
20.5.3 Other Post-processing Techniques
20.5.4 Visual Concept Search
20.5.5 The Role of Users in Interactive CBIR Systems
20.6 Querying on Videos
20.7 Querying on Videos Based on Human Activity
20.7.1 Modeling Human Activity Structures
20.7.2 Experimental Results
20.8 Quality-Aware Mobile Visual Search
20.8.1 Related Work
20.8.2 Quality-Aware Method
20.8.3 Experimental Results
20.9 Exercises
Index
Texts in Computer Science
Ze-Nian Li
Mark S. Drew
Jiangchuan Liu
Fundamentals
of Multimedia
Second Edition
Texts in Computer Science
Editors
David Gries
Fred B. Schneider
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/3191
Ze-Nian Li • Mark S. Drew
Jiangchuan Liu
Fundamentals of
Multimedia
Second Edition
123
Ze-Nian Li
Simon Fraser University
Vancouver, BC
Canada
Mark S. Drew
Simon Fraser University
Vancouver, BC
Canada
Series editors
David Gries
Department of Computer Science
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY
USA
Jiangchuan Liu
Simon Fraser University
Vancouver, BC
Canada
Fred B. Schneider
Department of Computer Science
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY
USA
ISSN 1868-0941
Texts in Computer Science
ISBN 978-3-319-05289-2
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-05290-8
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
ISBN 978-3-319-05290-8
ISSN 1868-095X (electronic)
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014933390
1st Edition: Ó Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2004
Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or
information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief
excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the
purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the
work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of
the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must
always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the
Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for
any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To my mom, and my wife Yansin
Ze-Nian
To Noah, Ira, Eva and, especially,
to Jenna
To my wife Jill, and my children
Mark
Jiangchuan
Preface
A course in Multimedia is rapidly becoming a necessity in Computer Science and
Engineering curricula, especially now that multimedia touches most aspects of
these fields. Multimedia was originally seen as a vertical application area, i.e., a
niche application with methods that belong only to itself. However, like pervasive
computing, with many people’s day regularly involving the Internet, multimedia is
now essentially a horizontal application area and forms an important component of
the study of algorithms, computer graphics, computer networks, image processing,
computer vision, databases, real-time systems, operating systems, information
retrieval, and so on. Multimedia is a ubiquitous part of the technological envi-
ronment in which we work and think. This book fills the need for a university-level
text that examines a good deal of the core agenda that Computer Science sees as
belonging to this subject area. This edition constitutes a significant revision, and
we include an introduction to such current topics as 3D TV, social networks, high
efficiency video compression and conferencing, wireless and mobile networks, and
their attendant technologies. The textbook has been updated throughout to include
recent developments in the field, including considerable added depth to the net-
working aspect of the book. To this end, Dr. Jiangchuan Liu has been added to the
team of authors. While the first edition was published by Prentice-Hall, for this
update we have chosen Springer, a prestigious publisher that has a superb and
rapidly expanding array of Computer Science textbooks, particularly the excellent,
dedicated, and long-running/established textbook series: Texts in Computer
Science, of which this textbook now forms a part.
Multimedia has become associated with a certain set of issues in Computer
Science and Engineering, and we address those here. The book is not an intro-
duction to simple design considerations and tools—it serves a more advanced
audience than that. On the other hand, the book is not a reference work—it is more
a traditional textbook. While we perforce may discuss multimedia tools, we would
like to give a sense of the underlying issues at play in the tasks those tools carry
out. Students who undertake and succeed in a course based on this text can be said
to really understand fundamental matters in regard to this material, hence the title
of the text.
In conjunction with this text, a full-fledged course should also allow students to
make use of this knowledge to carry out interesting or even wonderful practical
vii
viii
Preface
projects in multimedia, interactive projects that engage and sometimes amuse and,
perhaps, even teach these same concepts.
Who Should Read this Book?
This text aims at introducing the basic ideas used in multimedia, for an audience
that is comfortable with technical applications, e.g., Computer Science students
and Engineering students. The book aims to cover an upper-level undergraduate
multimedia course, but could also be used in more advanced courses. Indeed, a
(quite long) list of courses making use of the first edition of this text includes many
undergraduate courses as well as use as a pertinent point of departure for graduate
students who may not have encountered these ideas before in a practical way.
As well, the book would be a good reference for anyone, including those in
industry, who are interested in current multimedia technologies.
The text mainly presents concepts, not applications. A multimedia course, on
the other hand, teaches these concepts, and tests them, but also allows students to
utilize skills they already know, in coding and presentation, to address problems in
multimedia. The accompanying website materials for the text include some code
for multimedia applications along with some projects students have developed in
such a course, plus other useful materials best presented in electronic form.
The ideas in the text drive the results shown in student projects. We assume that
the reader knows how to program, and is also completely comfortable learning yet
another tool. Instead of concentrating on tools, however, the text emphasizes what
students do not already know. Using the methods and ideas collected here, students
are also enabled to learn more themselves, sometimes in a job setting: it is not
unusual for students who take the type of multimedia course this text aims at to go
on to jobs in multimedia-related industry immediately after their senior year, and
sometimes before.
The selection of material in the text addresses real issues that these learners will
be facing as soon as they show up in the workplace. Some topics are simple, but
new to the students; some are somewhat complex, but unavoidable in this
emerging area.
Have the Authors Used this Material in a Real Class?
Since 1996, we have taught a third-year undergraduate course in Multimedia
Systems based on the introductory materials set out in this book. A one-semester
course very likely could not include all the material covered in this text, but we
have usually managed to consider a good many of the topics addressed, with
mention made of a selected number of issues in Parts 3 and 4, within that time
frame.
Preface
ix
As well, over the same time period and again as a one-semester course, we have
also taught a graduate-level course using notes covering topics similar to the
ground covered by this text, as an introduction to more advanced materials.
A fourth-year or graduate-level course would do well to discuss material from the
first three Parts of the book and then consider some material from the last Part,
perhaps in conjunction with some of the original research references included here
along with results presented at topical conferences.
We have attempted to fill both needs, concentrating on an undergraduate
audience but including more advanced material as well. Sections that can safely be
omitted on a first reading are marked with an asterisk in the Table of Contents.
What is Covered in this Text?
In Part 1, Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations, we introduce some
of the notions included in the term Multimedia, and look at its present as well as its
history. Practically speaking, we carry out multimedia projects using software
tools, so in addition to an overview of multimedia software tools we get down to
some of the nuts and bolts of multimedia authoring. The representation of data is
critical in the study of multimedia, and we look at the most important data rep-
resentations for use in multimedia applications. Specifically, graphics and image
data, video data, and audio data are examined in detail. Since color is vitally
important in multimedia programs, we see how this important area impacts mul-
timedia issues.
In Part 2, Multimedia Data Compression, we consider how we can make all this
data fly onto the screen and speakers. Multimedia data compression turns out to be
a very important enabling technology that makes modern multimedia systems
possible. Therefore we look at lossless and lossy compression methods, supplying
the fundamental concepts necessary to fully understand these methods. For the
latter category, lossy compression, arguably JPEG still-image compression stan-
dards, including JPEG2000, are the most important, so we consider these in detail.
But since a picture is worth 1,000 words, and so video is worth more than a million
words per minute, we examine the ideas behind the MPEG standards MPEG-1,
MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, and beyond into new video coding standards H.264
and H.265. Audio compression is treated separately and we consider some basic
audio and speech compression techniques and take a look at MPEG Audio,
including MP3 and AAC.
In Part 3, Multimedia Communications and Networking, we consider the great
demands multimedia communication and content sharing places on networks and
systems. We go on to consider wired Internet and wireless mobile network tech-
nologies and protocols that make interactive multimedia possible. We consider
current multimedia content distribution mechanisms, an introduction to the basics
of wireless mobile networks, and problems and solutions for multimedia
communication over such networks.
相关推荐
2023年江西萍乡中考道德与法治真题及答案.doc
2012年重庆南川中考生物真题及答案.doc
2013年江西师范大学地理学综合及文艺理论基础考研真题.doc
2020年四川甘孜小升初语文真题及答案I卷.doc
2020年注册岩土工程师专业基础考试真题及答案.doc
2023-2024学年福建省厦门市九年级上学期数学月考试题及答案.doc
2021-2022学年辽宁省沈阳市大东区九年级上学期语文期末试题及答案.doc
2022-2023学年北京东城区初三第一学期物理期末试卷及答案.doc
2018上半年江西教师资格初中地理学科知识与教学能力真题及答案.doc
2012年河北国家公务员申论考试真题及答案-省级.doc
2020-2021学年江苏省扬州市江都区邵樊片九年级上学期数学第一次质量检测试题及答案.doc
2022下半年黑龙江教师资格证中学综合素质真题及答案.doc
