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TIME-HARMONIC ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

IEEE PRESS SERIES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory consists of new titles as well as reprints and re visions of recognized classics that maintain long-term archival significance in electromagnetic waves and applications. Series Editor Donald G. Dudley University ofArizona Advisory Board Robert B. Collin Case Western Reserve University Akira Ishimaru University of Washington D. S. Jones University 0/ Dundee Associate Editors ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION Ehud Heyman Tel-Aviv University INTEGRAL EQUATION METHODS Donald R. Wilton University 0/Houston DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION METHODS Andreas C. CangelJaris University ofArizona ANTENNAS, PROPAGATION, AND MICROWAVES David R. Jackson University ofHouston BOOKS IN THE IEEE PRESS SERIES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY Christopoulos, C., The Transmission-Line Modeling Methods: TLM Clemmow, P. C., The Plane Wave Spectrum Representation ofElectromagnetic Fields Collin, R. B., Field Theory ofGuided Waves, Second Edition Collin, R. E., Foundations/or Microwave Engineering Dudley, D. G., Mathematical Foundations/or Electromagnetic Theory Elliot, R. S., Electromagnetics: History, Theory, and Applications Felsen, L. B., and Marcuvitz, N., Radiation and Scattering of Waves Harrington, R. F., Field Computation by Moment Methods Hansen et al., Plane-Wave Theory of Time-Domain Fields: Near-Field Scanning Applications Ishimaru, A., Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media Jones, D. S., Methods in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Second Edition Lindell, I. V., Methods/or Electromagnetic Field Analysis Peterson et al., Computational Methods/or Electromagnetics Tai, C. T., Generalized Vector and Dyadic Analysis: Applied Mathematics in Field Theory Tai, C. T., Dyadic Green Functions in Electromagnetic Theory, Second Edition Van Bladel, J., Singular Electromagnetic Fields and Sources Volakis et al., Finite Element Method/or Electromagnetics: Antennas, Microwave Circuits, and Scatter ing Applications Wait, J., Electromagnetic Waves in Stratjled Media

An IEEE Press Classic Reissue TIME-HARMONIC ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Roger F. Harrington Professor ofElectrical Engineering (retired) Syracuse University IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society, Sponsor IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, Sponsor +IEEE IEEE Press rnWILEY ~INTERSCIENCE JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York • Chichester • Weinheim • Brisbane • Singapore • Toronto

This text is printed on acid-free paper. ® Copyright © 200 I by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ @ WILEY.COM. For ordering and customer service, call 1-800-CALL-WILEY. Library ofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data is available. ISBN 0-471-20806-X Printed in the United States of America. 1098

IEEE Press 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-133 1 IEEE Press Editorial Board Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos, Editor in Chief M. Akay J. B. Anderson R. J. Baker J. E. Brewer M. Eden M. E. El-Hawary R. F. Herrick R. F. Hoyt D. Kirk M. S. Newman M. Padgett W. D. Reeve C. Zobrist Kenneth Moore, Director ofBooks & Information Services Catherine Faduska, Senior Acquisitions Editor IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society, Sponsor AP-S Liaison to IEEE Press, Robert Mailloux IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, Sponsor MTT-S Liaison to IEEE Press, Karl Varian Cover design: William T. Donnelly, WT Design

FOREWORD TO THE REISSUED EDITION The purpose of the IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory is to pub lish books of long-term archival significance in electromagnetics. Included are new titles as well as reprints and revisions of recognized classics. Time-Harmonic Elec tromagnetic Fields, by Roger F. Harrington, is one of the most significant works in electromagnetic theory and applications. The book has been one of the principal texts in the first graduate course on elec tromagnetic theory for the past forty years; many would say the principal text. This classic volume contains a complete coverage of dynamic fields and is as fresh today as it was when originally published in 1961. Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields has proved to be popular over the past 40 years with students, professors, researchers and engineers who require a compre hensive, in-depth treatment of the subject. Indeed, a colleague of mine, Dr. Kendall F. Casey of SRI writes, as follows: "When I begin a new research project, I clear my desk and put away all texts and reference books. Invariably, Harrington's book is the first book to find its way back to my desk. My copy is so worn that it is falling apart." Another colleague, Professor Chalmers M. Butler of Clemson University adds the following: "In the opinion of our faculty, there is no other book available which serves as well as Professor Harrington's does as an introduction to ad vanced electromagnetic theory and to classical solution methods in electromagnetics." Professor Harrington has been an internationally well-known contributor to elec tromagnetics for many years. He is universally regarded as the "father" of the Method of Moments. His book on the subject, Field Computation by Moment Methods, was added to the series in 1993. Professor Harrington is a Fellow of the IEEE. Prior to his retirement from active teaching, he was a Distinguished Professor at Syracuse University. Among his many awards and honors, he was awarded the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984, the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Distinguished Achievement Award in 1989, the DRSI Van der Pol Medal in 1996, the Jubilee Tesla Medal in 1998, the IEEE Elec tromagnetics Field Award in 2000, and an IEEE Third Millenium Medal in 2000. It is with pleasure that I welcome this classic book into the series. DONALD G. DUDLEY University ofArizona Series Editor IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory vii

PREFACE This book was written primarily as a graduate-level text, but it should also be useful as a reference book. The organization is somewhat dif ferent from that normally found in engineering books. The material is arranged according to similarity of mathematical techniques instead of according to devices (antennas, waveguides, cavities, etc.). This organization reflects the main purpose of the book-to present mathe matical techniques for handling electromagnetic engineering problems. In the sense that theorems are proved and formulas derived, the book is theoretical. However, numerous practical examples illustrate the theory, and in this sense the book is practical. The experimental aspect of the subject is not considered explicitly. The term time-harmonic has been used in the title to indicate that only sinusoidally time-varying fields are considered. To describe such fields, the adjective a-c (alternating-current) has been borrowed from the corre sponding specialization of circuit theory. Actually, much of the theory can easily be extended to arbitrarily time-varying fields by means of the Fourier or Laplace transformations. The nomenclature and symbolism used is essentially the same as that of the author's earlier text, "Introduction to Electromagnetic Engineer ing," except for the following change. Boldface script letters denote instantaneous vector quantities and boldface block letters denote com plex vectors. This is a departure from the confusing convention of using the same symbol for the two different quantities, instantaneous and complex. Also, the complex quantities are chosen to have rms (root-mean-square) amplitudes, which corresponds to the usual a-c circuit theory convention. The many examples treated in the text are intended to be simple treatments of practical problems. Most of the complicated formulas are illustrated by numerical calculations or graphs. To augment the examples, there is an extensive set of problems at the end of each chapter. Many of these problems are of theoretical or practical significance, and are therefore listed in the index. Answers are given for most of the problems. Some of the material of the text appears in book form for the first time. References are given to the original sources when they are known. ix

x PREFACE However, it has not been possible to trace each concept back to its original inventor; hence many references have probably been omitted. For this the author offers his apologies. Credit has also been given to persons responsible for the original calculations of curves whenever possible. A bibliography of books for supplemental reading is given at the end of the text. The book has been used for a course directly following an introductory course and also for a course following an intermediate one. On the former level, the progress was slower than on the latter, but the organi zation of the book seemed satisfactory in both cases. There is more than enough material for a year's work, and the teacher will probably want to make his own choice of topics. The author expresses his sincere appreciation to everyone who in any way contributed to the creation of this book. Thanks to W. R. LePage, whose love for learning and teaching inspired the author; to V. H. Rumsey, from whom the author learned many of his viewpoints; to H. Gruenberg, who read the galleys; to colleagues and students, for their many valuable comments and criticisms; and, finally, to the several secretaries who 80 expertly typed the manuscript. Roger F. Harrington

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