c语言国际标准 c89,c99 ISO/IEC 9899:1990.pdf-资料库

/ ANSIIISO9899-1990 I for Programming Languages - c e- American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street New York, New York 10036

American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 1990 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America

(revision ANSI/IS0 9899-l 990 and redesignation of ANSI X3.1 59-I 989) for Programming American National Standard - C Languages Secretariat Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association Approved August 3,1992 American National Standards Institute, Inc.

ISO/lEC 9899.1990 (E, Contents I Scope . . . . . 2 Normative references . . 7 Definitions and conventions 3 Compliance 5 Environment . . . . . . . 6 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . environment environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ . . ................ ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5.2 6.1 6.2 63 Conceptual models Translation 5.1 1 5 1.2 Execution Environmental 5.2.1 5 3.7 .- - 5.23 5.2.4 Character Character Signals and Environmental considerations sets display . . semantics interrupts limits . . ............ .................... literals .................... operands numbers ..................... ..................... ..................... . . ...................... Arithmetic Other operands ..................... ..................... ..................... . . elements Keywords Identifiers Constants String Operators Punctuators Header names Preprocessing Comments . Lexical 6 1.1 6.1.2 6.1 3 6.14 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.1.7 6. I .8 6.1.9 Conversions 6 7.1 63.2 Expressions 6 3 I 6 3.2 6.3.3 6.3 4 6 3.5 6 3 6 6 3 7 6 3 8 6 3 9 6 3 IO Bituise AND operator 6 3 I I Bituise 6 3 12 Bitwise 6 3 13 Logical AND operator 6 3 II 6 3. IS Conditional .................... , Primary expressions Postfix operators Unary operators Cast operators Multiplicative Additive Bitwise Relational Equality Logical OR operator operator operators shift operators .................... .................... operators operators operators exclusive OR operator inclusive OR operator ... ................... .................. ................... ................. .................... .................. .................. ................... .................. ............... ............... .................. .................. .................. ................. .................. , .......... I I 2 3 s 5 5 6 IO IO 12 I2 I2 IX I8 19 19 25 30 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 36 38 39 39 43 45 46 46 48 48 49 50 SO SO 51 51 51

6.4 65 6.6 6.7 6.8 69 7 Libr 71 7.2 7.3 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . operators Comma operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . specifiers . . . . . . . . statement. or block and null statements . . . . . . . . . . statements expressions . Storage-class Type specifiers Type qualifiers . Declarators Type names . Type definitions . Initialization . 6.3 16 Assignment 6.3.17 Constant Declarations 65.1 6.52 6 5.3 6.5 4 6.5.5 6 5.6 6.5 7 Statements 6 6 1 6 6.2 6.6 3 6 6.4 6.6.5 6.6.6 External 6.7 6.72 Preprocessing 6.8.1 6.82 6.8.3 6.8 4 6.8.5 6.8.6 6.8.7 6 X.8 Future 6 Y I 692 6 0.3 6.Y 3 6 Y.5 6 9.6 Function External statements statements Labeled Compound Expression Selection Iteration Jump statements . . . . . . definitions . object definitions . . Conditional . file Source . replacement Macro . . Line control . Error directive . . Pragma directive Null directive . Predefined macro names . language directions External . . Character Storage-class Function Function Array parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . names escape sequence\ declarators definitions inclusion inclusion definitions directives specifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . ‘ary . . . introduction 7 I I 7.1 2 7 I 3 714 7 I 5 7. I .6 7.1.7 Diagnostics 72.1 Character 7.3 I 7 3 2 Localization 7 1.1 7.1 2 identitierk . . . . term\ . . . of . . Detinitiom Standard header5 Reserved Errors Limits Program diagnostics Locale control Numeric . tormattinp ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... . ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . h> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . h> and function\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............. ............ ............ ............ ISO/IEC 9899 1990 tE) i ; _ 5-I ST 57 5x 5x 6-i 65 69 70 71 75 75 75 76 77 78 79 81 81 83 85 86 87 89 93 93 93 94 94 95 95 9s 95 95 9.5 9.5 96 96 96 96 97 97 98 9x 99 IO1 101 I02 IO1 104 106 107 108 111 --

ISO/IEC 9899: 1990 (E) h> ................... .............. ....... - ... 111 111 111 113 114 115 116 118 118 119 120 120 121 122 122 124 124 125 126 127 128 131 141 144 145 147 149 149 153 154 155 157 158 159 161 162 162 162 163 164 165 168 170 170 170 172 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 ............. ................ ................... jeep. h> ................ ............. ............... ............... . 1 .................. ...................... ....................... ................. ................. ............... ................ ................... .................. .............. .................. ..................... h> ................... h> ..................... Treatment of error conditions ................. ................. ................. Mathematics 6th. 75.1 7.5.2 Trigonometric functions 7.53 Hyperbolic functions 7.5.4 Exponential and logarithmic functions 7.5.5 Power functions 7.5.6 Nearest integer, absolute value. and remainder functions Nonlocal jumps 7.7.1 Specify signal handling 7.7.2 Send signal Variable arguments 7.10.1 String conversion functions 7.10.2 Pseudo-random sequence generation functions 7.10.3 Memory management functions 7.10.4 Communication with the environment 7.10.5 Searching and sorting utilities 7 10.6 Integer arithmetic functions 7.10.7 Multibyte character functions 7.10.8 Multibyte string functions String handling 7.12.1 Components of time 7.122 Time manipulation functions 7.12.3 Time conversion functions Future library directions 7.13.1 Errors 7.13.2 Character handling 7.13.4 Mathematics 7.13.5 Signal handling ............... .............. h> ................ ................... .................. Input/output ................ h> h> ............... ............... ................ ................ ............... ................ ............... ................ ................. .................. ................... .................. ................... ................. ............... ............. h> ................. ................ ................... ................ .......... 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.1 I 7.12 7 13 iv

. . . . h> . . . . . . . . . h> Lexical grammar . C Sequence points D Library summary Annexes A Bibliography . B Language syntax summary . . . . B.1 . B.2 Phrase structure grammar B.3 Preprocessing directives . . . . . . . . . . D.1 Errors D.4 Character handling D.6 Mathematics D.7 Nonlocal jumps . . . . . Localization . . . . h> . . . . . . . h> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . h> h> . . . . . . Input/output h> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ISO/IEC 9899: 1990 (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ................ . . ................ ................ ................ . . ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 178 178 182 187 189 190 190 190 190 190 190 191 191 191 192 192 194 195 195 196 198 199 199 200 204 207 208 210 v

Foreword 9899-l 990. This document paragraphs are the original (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/IS0 is identical to ISO/IEC foreword as it appeared 9899:1990 and in that document.) the following four technology, for Standardization) (the International Organization IS0 and IEC technical committees collaborate in the development of International Standards and IEC (the IS0 International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of IS0 or IEC participate through technical to deal with particular committees established by the respective organization fields of technical activity. in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS0 and IEC, also take part in the work. IS0 and IEC have established a joint In the field of information ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopt- technical committee, to national bodies for vot- ed by the joint technical committee are circulated ing. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the national bodies casting a vote. International Standard Committee Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F and G are for information only. Requests for improvement or addenda, or defect They should be sent to the X3 Secretariat, Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association, 1250 Eye Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005. This standard was processed to ANSI by and approved Accredited Standards Committee on Information Processing Systems, X3. that all Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily committee members voted this standard, the X3 Committee had the following members: ISO/IEC 9899 was prepared by Joint Technical for its approval. At the time it approved ISO/IEC JTC 1, information Technology. for interpretation, reports are welcome. for submittal suggestions imply (Position Vacant), Chairman Donald C. Loughry, Vice-Chairman Joanne Flanagan, Secretary Organization Allen-Bradley Represented Company American American Library Association Nuclear Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald Reimer Name of Representative Joe Lenner (Alt.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geraldine C. Main (Alt.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul Peters Sally Hartzell Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edward Kelly AMP, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Karen Higginbottom Edward Mikoski (Alt.) Apple Computer, Association of the Certification Inc. Institute of Computer for Professionals (AICCP) . . . . . ..Kenneth Zemrowski Eugene Dwyer (Ah.) AT&T/NCR Corporation Boeing Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomas W. Kern Thomas F. Frost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catherine Howells Andrea Vanosdoll David M. Taylor James Barnes Keith Lucke Pull HN Information C Jmpaq Computers Digital Equipment Computer Users Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stephen C. Jackson Systems, . . . . . . . .._.................................._......... Inc. . . .._............_............... (Alt.) (Alt.) (Alt.) Dr. Joseph King (Alt.) vi

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