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2019年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题A卷.doc
2019 年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题 A 卷
Section I
Structure and Vocabulary
( 15 points )
B. anywhere
C. decreased
D. widespread
Directions:Inthispart,therearefifteenincompletesentences.Foreachsentence
four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best
completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. Uncertainty about the economy is ___________ as serious unemployment takes
place.
A. limited
2. Despite an easy-going man in character, Professor Harris’s comments on some
academic arguments can be rather _______at times.
A. harsh
D. satiate
3. In reading a newspaper, the editorial page is highly recommended not only for
vocabulary but also for structuring and presenting thought.
A
4. Being late for an appointment is annoying.
A. irrigating
5. The criminal was asked to aid police in their inquiry.
A. interview
6. Tourists are being offered an excursion to see the biggest slum in Asia and
experience for themselves the ____ the lives of the rich and the poor.
D. interrogation
C. investigation
D. intimidating
C. irritating
B. intriguing
B. question
recommenced
B. precise
remembered
worthy of
pleasant
wordy of
C.
D
B
C
A. disparity of
of
B. difference between
C. disparity between
D. difference
anyone
to
_________
much
and
calories.
there
is
they
will
that
it's
an
all
why
tell
______
eating
obesity
down
C. is well known of
B. has been known as
you
too few
C. present D. epidemic
burning
B. currency
of the world’s great violin teachers.
7. Ask
and
too
A. popularity
8. As a result of his method for early music education, Shinichi Suzuki
one
A. knows that
D. has been known for
9. There are now many kinds of dictionaries, such as a dictionary of synonyms and
antonyms, a biographical dictionary, and a geographical dictionary _____.
A. with pronunciations given
C. that have pronunciations given
10.
A. the temperature fell
C. the temperature fell down D. because the temperature fell
11. With ______spring, plants in the wildness grew greener.
A
12.
A. Little did he realize
did realize little
13. Each occupation has its own jargon ; bankers, lawyers and computer professionals,
__________the importance of taking notes in class in the first year of college.
D. He
Each night when______ , my parents lit the fire in the bedroom.
D. that do have pronunciations given
B. that the temperature did fall
B. that has pronunciations given
B. A little he realized
C.He realized a little
D advention of
is arrived in
the advent of
arriving at
B
C
B. have difficult following
C. have difficulty
D. have difficulty of following
for example, all use among themselves language which outsiders _________.
A. have difficulty to follow
following
14. Many people at that time believed that spices _______ food; however, Hall found
that many marketed spices were teeming with bacteria, moulds and yeasts.
A. helped preserve
15. General Patton outwitted his enemy in that he trained his soldiers into an army
always ready to fight anytime and anywhere. Here “outwitted” could be replaced
with ____.
A. was as smart as
cunning as
B. help preserve C. helps preserve
D. help to preserve
B. was so wise that
C. was cleverer than
D. was never so
Section II.
Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )
Directions:Therearefivepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome
questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked
with A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the
corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
I recently revisited the city which I was born in, which is a place well known
for a castle built on a rock overlooking the surrounding plains, and even better
known for a legendary figure who robbed the rich to give to the poor. As I toured
the castle and its museum, visited the town center, and roamed around old haunts,
I reflected on how the buildings that people of different eras build reflect their
central preoccupations.
The castle was originally built in the eleventh century, and remained important
for several centuries. Throughout the medieval period castles and fortified houses
were built. The powerful landowners surveyed and dominated the surrounding lands,
the source of their wealth and prestige.
Once the industrial era began, castles were sidelined. The merchants and factory
owners built town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildings. The
town center reflects this era. An imposing town hall, complete with massive pillars
and monumental lions, overlooks the town square. The square is surrounded by equally
massive blocks of shops, banks and offices, built to reflect the power of trade
in the heyday of the British Empire.
Most people, who enter the city today never visit the castle or the old market
square, head for the two shopping malls situated at either end of the city center.
Here the visitor can shop to their hearts content in an environment of glass and
polished chrome. Modern man is no longer a warrior defending his land, or a builder
of churches, or a governor of people: he is primarily a consumer. The buildings
our generation leaves to posterity will reflect our predominant interest---
shopping.
16.
A. How people change their mind when paying a visit
B. Tourists today are less historical-minded
The author's approach to the topic can best be described as
B. their interests
C. the plains that could be overlooked
D.
C. A comparative look between the old and the modern
D. Shopping is more significant than castle visits
17. According to the author, the central preoccupation of different eras could be
reflected through _____.
A. their lands
the way they make their buildings
18. Castles prove to be useful, in this passage, _____.
A. before the industrial revolution
C. as merchants and governors like them to be
19. Which of the following is the symbol of the British Empire, according to the
passage?
A. The castles and fortified houses.
C. Building with glass and polished chrome.
and imposing office buildings
B. Massive blocks of shops, banks and offices.
D. Town halls, churches, factories
B. when tourists want to shop in them
D. because they are imposing
Passage Two
The study of ecology has taught us that diversity is important to stability
in the natural world. Modern agricultural practices and other human interventions
in the environment reduces the number of interacting species making the ecosystem
vulnerable and unstable.
Similarly, human society in its progress toward the cliched global village is
liable to make the world less stable not more stable. We are eliminating languages,
traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate. The whole
world wants to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes.
But will this homogeneity be good for the human species? Biologists would tend to
say no.
Certainly a world where we can all understand each other and share common
interests is appealing on one level. But how infinitely poorer we will all be if
we travel 5000 miles from home only to find no new people, no new places, no new
ways of living, just a copy of what you experience back home.
20. According to the author, to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear
the same clothes are _____.
A. the wishes of people around the world
B. study of biology is of primary important
C. of more demerits than merits
D. keeping the world stable
21. The author implies that ______.
A. human intervention into the natural environment may reduce the number of species
B. human intervention into the natural environment may cause the invulnerability
of ecosystem
C. agricultural practices influence interaction between species
D. agricultural practice is one of the causes for the stability of ecosystem.
22. It is true, according to the passage, that
A. if we travel 5,000 miles, we will become poorer
____.
B. traveling to new places and meeting new people will make us poorer than ever
C. if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, what’s the use of traveling?
D. if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, we can infinitely eat the
same food and wear the same clothes
23. The word “homogeneity” may probably mean______.
A. homo sapiens
B. homosexuality
C. sameness
D. homeliness
Passage Three
Smith’s 1776 work, "An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
Nations," also shortened as "The Wealth of Nations," appeared at the dawn of
industrial development in Europe. While critics note that Smith didn't invent many
of the ideas that he wrote about, he was the first person to compile and publish
them in a format designed to explain them to the average reader of the day. As a
result, he is responsible for popularizing many of the ideas that underpin the school
of thought that became known as classical economics.
Other economists built on Smith's work to solidify
classical economic
theory,which would become the dominant school of economic thought through the Great
Depression. In this book, Smith discussed the stages of evolution of society, from
a hunter stage without property rights or fixed residences to nomadic agriculture
with shifting residences. A feudal society is the next stage. In this stage, laws,
and property rights are established to protect privileged classes. Laissez-faire
（自由放任）or free markets characterize modern society in which new institutions
are established to conduct market transactions.
____.
Laissez-faire philosophies, such as minimizing the role of government
intervention and taxation in the free markets, and the idea that an "invisible hand"
guides supply and demand are among the key ideas Smith's writing is responsible
for promoting. These ideas reflect the concept that each person, by looking out
for him or herself, inadvertently helps to create the best outcome for all. "It
is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can
expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest," Smith wrote.
24. In the 1st paragraph, the author says that
A. ideas in “the Wealth of Nations”had never been known to ordinary readers before
Smith proposed them
B. it was not until the publication of Smith’s book did some of the ideas become
popular
C. these ideas had long been known to people in Europe but Smith framed them into
his writing
D. Smith didn’t invent any of these ideas that he wrote about,but he was the first
to know about them.
25. In the 2nd paragraph, Smith divided stages of social evolution into _____.
A. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of
feudal society and each is distinguished with property right
B. two stages, i.e., stage of hunter and nomadic agriculture, and stage of feudal
society and each is distinguished with fixed residence
C. four stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture, stage of feudal
society and stage of privileged classes, each distinguished with shifting residence
D. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal
society, each distinguished with fixed residence, shifting residence and property
right
26. Which of the following is not the key idea of Adam Smith?
A. There is an invisible hand guiding supply and demand in the free market.
B. Government should give the least intervention into the market.
C. Each person should work inadvertently on their own.
D. A baker’s interest may bring us the meal that we expect.
27.“Invisible hand” in this context refers to _____.
A. demand and supply in a free market could be regulated on its own
B. government’s role could be self-reduced through minimization
C. benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker cannot be seen
D. ideas proposed by Smith are invisible but have to be written and published
Passage Four
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes
by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the
acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using
rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction. Particular
applications of AI include
machine
vision.
speech recognition
expert systems,
and
or
weak
AI can be categorized as either
strong. Weak AI, also known as narrow
AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual
personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri, are a form of weak AI. Strong AI, also
known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human
cognitive abilities. When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system
is able to find a solution without human intervention.
Because hardware, software and staffing costs for AI can be expensive, many
vendors are including AI components in their standard offerings, as well as access
to Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) platforms. AI as a Service allows
individuals and companies to experiment with AI for various business purposes and
sample multiple platforms before making a commitment. Popular AI cloud offerings
include
Microsoft Cognitive
Services and
IBM Watson Assistant,
Amazon AI
Google AI
services.
services,
Some industry experts believe that the term artificial intelligence is too
closely linked to popular culture, causing the general public to have unrealistic
fears about artificial intelligence and improbable expectations about how it will
change the workplace and life in general. Researchers and marketers hope the
label
augmented intelligence, which has a more neutral connotation, will help
people understand that AI will simply improve products and services, not replace
the humans that use them.
28. The machine that owns the processes to ______could be called AI.
A. learn, correct itself and recognize speech
B. to see, learn by itself and recognize
C. to correct itself and learn by itself and judge on its own
D. to recognize human speech, play the role of expert and hear what human says
29. The main difference between strong and weak AI is that_____.
A. strong AI is based on more general cognitive ability than a weak one
B. a weak AI can fulfill a particular mission more efficiently than a strong one
C. given an unfamiliar task, a weak AI would recognize it immediately
D. could be found in Apple’s Siri, Google, Amazon and IBM, etc.
30. Access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service platforms is allowed
because_____.
A. experiment with AI for various business purposes could be very expensive
B. sampling multiple platforms before making a commitment is important
C. cost to AI as a service is so high that no individual or company could afford
it
D. costs to make AI is so high that no individual or company could afford it
31. The main human concern over AI in this passage mainly refers to ______.
A. whether AI will help them with difficult jobs
place
C. whether AI will use them
D. if AI will improve products and services
B. that AI will finally take their
Passage Five
Scientific investigation is a studious research or inquiry; especially
examination or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts,
revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical
application of such new or revised theories or laws. While the techniques that
scientists use to conduct research may differ across disciplines, like mathematics,
physics, biology, chemistry, literature, history, philosophy, or any other
scientific field, the underlying principles and objectives are similar. The
scientific method, for instance, is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as
“a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century,
consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the
formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis.”
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the
necessary mode of working of the human mind. It is simply the mode at which all
phenomena are reasoned about, rendered precise and exact. There is no more
difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental
operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between
the operations and methods of a baker or a butcher weighing out his goods in common
scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex
analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights. It is not that the
action of scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the
principles of their construction or manner of working; but the beam of one is set
on a indefinitely finer axis than the other, and of course turns by the addition
D. basically similar
B. the former does it more
D. the latter balances
B. of great difference in scale
of a much smaller weight.
32.Methods of scientific investigation, regardless of natural science and social
science or humanities studies, are____.
A. different in essence
C. similar in phenomena
33. According to the passage, the difference between a chemist and a butcher weighing
something is that ____.
A. the former operates more mentally than the latter
indefinitely
C. the latter does it with less principle than the former
less than the former
34. Which of the following may serve as the best topic for this passage?
A. Scientific researches and experimentation.
scientific investigation?
C. How to demonstrate a hypothesis? D. Differences of scientific investigation
across disciplines.
35. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?
A. The Oxford English Dictionary does not mentioned social science when giving
definition of scientific method.
B. The scale used by a baker is not the same as that of a scientist.
C.The Oxford English Dictionary’ s definition of scientific method includes
systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing,
but not modification of hypothesis.
D. The method of scientific investigation is nothing of the expression of the
necessary mode of working of the human mind.
B. What is meant by method of
Part One
English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Section III Translation (25 points)
Directions:Readthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitinto
Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
36. In science,
validity
is the extent to which a concept, conclusion, or
measurement is well founded and corresponds accurately to the real world. It has
also been defined as an overall assessment of the degree to which evidence and theory
support the interpretation of the scores entailed by proposed uses of the instrument.
To phrase it simply, validity
refers to the degree to which evidence and theory
support the interpretations of measures. These definitions prompt questions about
the “real” meaning and interpretation of scores collected with health measurement
instruments. The word“valid”is derived from the Latin“validus,”meaning strong.
In that sense, the
validity of a measurement instrument is the degree to which
it measures what it claims to measure.
Chinese - English Translation (10 points)
Part Two
Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into
English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
37. 用另一种语言工作可能会又尴尬又有挑战性，但是它也会有非常多的积极面。有
专家认为，人们在运用外语时，会在风险评估中保持更大的心理距离；他们较少受到情绪
的影响，而更倾向于理性分析思考。其中的原因可能是，如果你在很小年纪就学习外语，
说外语时，你的大脑必须更加努力地去运转。在外语环境中，人会更加客观，因为在用外
语表达时，他们更加善于避开对自身文化的批评。
Section IV
Writing (20 points)
Directions: Last year, the marriage rate nationwide dipped to 7.2 newly wedded
couples per 1,000 people, dropping for the fifth consecutive year, according to
theNationalBureauofStatisticsandtheMinistryofCivilAffairs.Theratestood
at 9.9 per 1,000 in 2013, and was 7.7 in 2017.
In this section you are required to write an essay under the title “Low Marriage
Rate: Is It Good?”. You must
First, display your own view on whether you are for or against the low marriage
rate ;
Then, analyze and present your demonstration on why your argument is reasonable;
Finally, bring your writing to a conclusion or suggestions.
Your essay must be no less than 200 words and written on the ANSWER SHEET.
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