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lefdefref-5.8.pdf
Contents
Preface
What’s New
Typographic and Syntax Conventions
LEF Syntax
About Library Exchange Format Files
General Rules
Character Information
Managing LEF Files
Order of LEF Statements
LEF Statement Definitions
Bus Bit Characters
Clearance Measure
Divider Character
Extensions
FIXEDMASK
Layer (Cut)
Layer (Implant)
Layer (Masterslice or Overlap)
Layer (Routing)
Library
Macro
Manufacturing Grid
Maximum Via Stack
Nondefault Rule
Property Definitions
Site
Units
Use Min Spacing
Version
Via
Via Rule
Via Rule Generate
ALIAS Statements
ALIAS Statements
ALIAS Definition
ALIAS Examples
ALIAS Expansion
Working with LEF
Incremental LEF
Error Checking
Message Facility
Error-Checking Facility
DEF Syntax
About Design Exchange Format Files
General Rules
Character Information
Order of DEF Statements
DEF Statement Definitions
Blockages
Bus Bit Characters
Component Mask Shift
Components
Design
Die Area
Divider Character
Extensions
Fills
GCell Grid
Groups
History
Nets
Nondefault Rules
Pins
Pin Properties
Property Definitions
Regions
Rows
Scan Chains
Slots
Special Nets
Styles
Technology
Tracks
Units
Version
Vias
Examples
LEF
DEF
Scan Chain Synthesis Example
Optimizing LEF Technology for Place and Route
Overview
Guidelines for Routing Pitch
Guidelines for Wide Metal Spacing
Guidelines for Wire Extension at Vias
Guidelines for Default Vias
Guidelines for Stack Vias (MAR Vias) and Samenet Spacing
Example of an Optimized LEF Technology File
Calculating and Fixing Process Antenna Violations
Overview
What Are Process Antennas?
What Is the Process Antenna Effect (PAE)?
What Is the Antenna Ratio?
What Can Be Done to Improve the Antenna Ratio?
Using Process Antenna Keywords in the LEF and DEF Files
Calculating Antenna Ratios
Calculating the Antenna Area
Calculating a PAR
Calculating a CAR
Calculating Ratios for a Cut Layer
Checking for Antenna Violations
Area Ratio Check
Side Area Ratio Check
Cumulative Area Ratio Check
Cumulative Side Area Ratio Check
Cut Layer Process Antenna Model Examples
Routing Layer Process Antenna Model Examples
Example Using the Antenna Keywords
Using Antenna Diode Cells
Changing the Routing
Inserting Antenna Diode Cells
Using DiffUseOnly
Calculations for Hierarchical Designs
LEF and DEF Keywords for Hierarchical Designs
Design Example
Top-Down Hierarchical Design Example
Index
LEF/DEF 5.8 Language Reference
Product Version 5.8
May 2017
© 2017 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
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Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth
in FAR52.227-14 and DFAR252.227-7013 et seq. or its successor.
LEF/DEF 5.8 Language Reference
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
What’s New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Typographic and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1
LEF Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
About Library Exchange Format Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Character Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Managing LEF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Order of LEF Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
LEF Statement Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Bus Bit Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Clearance Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Divider Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
FIXEDMASK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Layer (Cut) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Layer (Implant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Layer (Masterslice or Overlap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Layer (Routing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Manufacturing Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Maximum Via Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Nondefault Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Property Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Use Min Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
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Via . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Via Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Via Rule Generate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
2
ALIAS Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
ALIAS Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
ALIAS Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
ALIAS Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
ALIAS Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
3
Working with LEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Incremental LEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Error Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Message Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Error-Checking Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
4
DEF Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
About Design Exchange Format Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Character Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Order of DEF Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
DEF Statement Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Blockages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Bus Bit Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Component Mask Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Die Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Divider Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
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GCell Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Nondefault Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Pin Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Property Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Scan Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Special Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Vias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
A
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
LEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
DEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Scan Chain Synthesis Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
B
Optimizing LEF Technology for Place and Route . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Guidelines for Routing Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Guidelines for Wide Metal Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Guidelines for Wire Extension at Vias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Guidelines for Default Vias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Guidelines for Stack Vias (MAR Vias) and Samenet Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Example of an Optimized LEF Technology File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
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C
Calculating and Fixing Process Antenna Violations . . . . . . . . . 389
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
What Are Process Antennas? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
What Is the Process Antenna Effect (PAE)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
What Is the Antenna Ratio? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
What Can Be Done to Improve the Antenna Ratio? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Using Process Antenna Keywords in the LEF and DEF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Calculating Antenna Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Calculating the Antenna Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Calculating a PAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Calculating a CAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Calculating Ratios for a Cut Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Checking for Antenna Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Area Ratio Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Side Area Ratio Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Cumulative Area Ratio Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Cumulative Side Area Ratio Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Cut Layer Process Antenna Model Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Routing Layer Process Antenna Model Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Example Using the Antenna Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Using Antenna Diode Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Changing the Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Inserting Antenna Diode Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Using DiffUseOnly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Calculations for Hierarchical Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
LEF and DEF Keywords for Hierarchical Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Design Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Top-Down Hierarchical Design Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
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Product Version 5.8
LEF/DEF 5.8 Language Reference
Preface
This manual is a language reference for users of the Cadence® Library Exchange Format
(LEF) and Design Exchange Format (DEF) integrated circuit (IC) description languages.
LEF defines the elements of an IC process technology and associated library of cell models.
DEF defines the elements of an IC design relevant to physical layout, including the netlist and
design constraints. LEF and DEF inputs are in ASCII form.
This manual assumes that you are familiar with the development and design of integrated
circuits.
This preface provides the following information:
■ What’s New on page 7
■
Typographic and Syntax Conventions on page 7
What’s New
For information on what is new or changed in LEF and DEF for version 5.8 see What’s New
in LEF/DEF.
Typographic and Syntax Conventions
This list describes the conventions used in this manual.
text
Words in monospace type indicate keywords that you must enter literally. These
keywords represent language tokens. Note that keywords are case insensitive. They are
shown in uppercase in this document, but a keyword like LAYER can also be Layer or
layer in a LEF or DEF file.
variable
Words in italics indicate user-defined information for which you must substitute a
name or a value.
May 2017
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Product Version 5.8
LEF/DEF 5.8 Language Reference
Preface
objRegExpr
An object name with the identifier objRegExpr represents a regular expression for the
object name.
Represents a point in the design. This value corresponds to a coordinate pair, such as x
y. You must enclose a point within parentheses, with space between the parentheses and
the coordinates. For example,
RECT ( 1000 2000 ) ( 1500 400 ).
Vertical bars separate possible choices for a single argument. They take precedence
over any other character.
pt
|
[ ]
Brackets denote optional arguments. When used with vertical bars, they enclose a list of
choices from which you can choose one.
{ } ...
Braces followed by three dots indicate that you must specify the argument at least once,
but you can specify it multiple times.
Braces used with vertical bars enclose a list of choices from which you must choose one.
{ }
...
Three dots indicate that you can repeat the previous argument. If they are used with
brackets, you can specify zero or more arguments. If they are used with braces, you must
specify at least one argument, but you can specify more.
,...
A comma and three dots together indicate that if you specify more than one argument,
you must separate those arguments with commas.
" "
Quotation marks enclose string values. Write quotation marks within a string as \". Write
a backslash within a string as \\.
Any characters not included in the list above are required by the language and must be
entered literally.
May 2017
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Product Version 5.8
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