GMAT用户手册.pdf

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General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT)

Table of Contents

Documentation Overview

Using GMAT

Tutorials

Reference Guide

Using GMAT

Welcome to GMAT

Features Overview

Dynamics and Environment Modelling

Plotting, Reporting and Product Generation

Optimization and Targeting

Programming Infrastructure

Interfaces

Licensing

Platform Support

Contributors

Getting Started

Installation

Running GMAT

Starting GMAT

Exiting GMAT

Sample Missions

Getting Help

Tour of GMAT

User Interfaces Overview

GUI Overview

Windows GUI

Script Interface Overview

GUI/Script Interface Interactions and Rules

GUI/Script Interactions and Synchronization

How the GUI Maps to a Script

How the Script Maps to the GUI

Basic Script Syntax Rules

Resources Tree

Organization

Folder Menus

Resource Menus

Open/Close

Rename

Delete

Clone

Mission Tree

Mission Tree Display

View Filters Toolbar

Filter by Branch Level

Filter by Command Types

Mission Sequence Menu

Mission Sequence Menu Options:

Collapse All

Expand All

Append

Run

Show Detail

Show Mission Sequence

Show Script

Mission Summary - All

Mission Summary - Physics

Dock Mission Tree

Undock Mission Tree

Command Menu

Command Menu Options

Open

Append

Insert After

Insert Before

Rename

Delete

Command Summary

Docking/Undocking/Placement

Command Summary

Data Availability

Data Contents

Supported Commands

Coordinate Systems

Output Tree

Script Editor

Active Script

GUI/Script Synchronization

Scripts List

Edit Window

Find and Replace

File Controls

Save Status Indicator

Configuring GMAT

File Structure

bin

data

docs

extras

matlab

output

plugins

samples

userfunctions

Configuring Data Files

Leap Second and EOP files

Loading Custom Plugins

Configuring the MATLAB Inteface

User-defined Function Paths

Tutorials

Simulating an Orbit

Objective and Overview

Configure the Spacecraft

Rename the Spacecraft

Set the Spacecraft Epoch

Set the Keplerian Orbital Elements

Configure the Propagator

Rename the Propagator

Configure the Force Model

Configuring the Orbit View Plot

Configure the Propagate Command

Run and Analyze the Results

Simple Orbit Transfer

Objective and Overview

Configure Maneuvers, Differential Corrector, and Graphics

Create the Differential Corrector

Modify the Default Orbit View

Create the Maneuvers.

Configure the Mission Sequence

Configure the Initial Propagate Command

Create the Target Sequence

Create the Final Propagate Command

Configure the Target Sequence

Configure the Vary TOI Command

Configure the Perform TOI Command

Configure the Prop to Apoapsis Command

Configure the Achieve RMAG = 42165 Command

Configure the Vary GOI Command

Configure the Perform GOI Command

Configure the Achieve ECC = 0.005 Command

Run the Mission

Target Finite Burn to Raise Apogee

Objective and Overview

Create and Configure Spacecraft Hardware and Finite Burn

Create a Thruster and a Fuel Tank

Modify Thruster1 Thrust Coefficients

Attach FuelTank1 and Thruster1 to DefaultSC

Create the Finite Burn Maneuver

Create the Differential Corrector and Target Control Variable

Configure the Mission Sequence

Configure the Initial Propagate Command

Create the Target Sequence

Configure the Target Sequence

Configure the Raise Apogee Command

Configure the Vary Burn Duration Command

Configure the Turn Thruster On Command

Configure the Prop BurnDuration Command

Configure the Turn Thruster Off Command

Configure the Prop To Apogee Command

Configure the Achieve Apogee Radius = 12000 Command

Run the Mission

Inspect Orbit View and Message Window

Explore the Command Summary Reports

Mars B-Plane Targeting

Objective and Overview

Configure Fuel Tank, Spacecraft properties, Maneuvers, Propagators, Differential Corrector, Coordinate Systems and Graphics

Create Fuel Tank

Modify the DefaultSC Resource

Create the Maneuvers

Create the Propagators

Create the Differential Corrector

Create the Coordinate Systems

Create the Orbit Views

Configure the Mission Sequence

Create the First Target Sequence

Configure the First Target Sequence

Configure the Target desired B-plane Coordinates Command

Configure the Prop 3 Days Command

Configure the Prop 12 Days to TCM Command

Configure the Vary TCM.V Command

Configure the Vary TCM.N Command

Configure the Vary TCM.B Command

Configure the Apply TCM Command

Configure the Prop 280 Days Command

Configure the Prop to Mars Periapsis Command

Configure the Achieve BdotT Command

Configure the Achieve BdotR Command

Run the Mission with first Target Sequence

Create the Second Target Sequence

Create the Final Propagate Command

Configure the second Target Sequence

Configure the Mars Capture Command

Configure the Vary MOI.V Command

Configure the Apply MOI Command

Configure the Prop to Mars Apoapsis Command

Configure the Achieve RMAG Command

Run the Mission with first and second Target Sequences

Optimal Lunar Flyby using Multiple Shooting

Objective and Overview

Configure Coordinate Systems, Spacecraft, Optimizer, Propagators, Maneuvers, Variables, and Graphics

Create a Moon-centered Coordinate System

Create the Spacecraft

Create the Propagators

Create the Maneuvers

Create the User Variables

Create the Optimizer

Create the 3-D Graphics

Create XPPlots/Reports

Configure the Mission Sequence

Overview of the Mission Sequence

Define Initial Guesses

Initialize Variables

Vary and Set Spacecraft Epochs

Vary Control Point States

Apply Constraints at Control Points

Propagate the Segments

Compute Some Quantities and Apply Patch Constraints

Apply Patch Point Constraints

Apply Constraints on Mission Orbit

Apply Cost Function

Design the Trajectory

Overview

Step 1: Verify Your Configuration

Step 2: Find a Smooth Trajectory

Step 3: Find an Optimal Trajectory

Step 4: Use a New Initial Guess

Step 5: Apply a New Constraint

Reference Guide

Resources

Array

Barycenter

CelestialBody

CoordinateSystem

DifferentialCorrector

EphemerisFile

FileInterface

FiniteBurn

FminconOptimizer

Formation

FuelTank

GroundStation

GroundTrackPlot

ImpulsiveBurn

LibrationPoint

MatlabFunction

OrbitView

Propagator

ReportFile

SolarSystem

Spacecraft

Spacecraft Attitude

Spacecraft Ballistic/Mass Properties

Spacecraft Epoch

Spacecraft Hardware

Spacecraft Orbit State

Spacecraft Visualization Properties

String

Thruster

Variable

VF13ad

XYPlot

Commands

Achieve

Assignment (=)

BeginFiniteBurn

BeginMissionSequence

BeginScript

CallMatlabFunction

ClearPlot

EndFiniteBurn

For

Maneuver

MarkPoint

Minimize

NonlinearConstraint

Optimize

PenUpPenDown

Propagate

Report

Set

Stop

Target

Toggle

Vary

While

System

Calculation Parameters

Color

Command-Line Usage

Keyboard Shortcuts

MATLAB Interface

Script Language

Startup File

Release Notes

GMAT R2014a Release Notes

New Features

Trajectory Colors and Labels

New Orbit State Representations

New Attitude Models

Dynamics and Model Improvements

Targeting and Optimization Improvements

Improvements

Dependencies in Assignment Command

Other Improvements

Compatibility Changes

Known & Fixed Issues

Known Issues

GMAT R2013b Release Notes

New Features

Data File Interface

Code-500 Ephemeris Format

New Local Aligned-Constrained Coordinate System

Improvements

Force Model Parameters

Space Point Parameters

Compatibility Changes

Known & Fixed Issues

Known Issues

GMAT R2013a Release Notes

Licensing

Major Improvements

Production Status

Tutorials

Reference Guide

Testing

Minor Enhancements

Compatibility Changes

Known & Fixed Issues

Known Issues

GMAT R2012a Release Notes

New Features

Ground Track Plot

Orbit Designer

Eclipse Locator [alpha]

C Interface [alpha]

Improvements

Dynamics Models

Solar System

TDB Input

Mission Tree

Mission Summary

Window Persistency

Switch to Visual Studio on Windows

New Icons

Training Manual

Infrastructure

Compatibility Changes

Application Control Changes

Script Syntax Changes

Known & Fixed Issues

GMAT R2011a Release Notes

New Features

OrbitView

User-Defined Celestial Bodies

Ephemeris Output

SPICE Integration for Spacecraft

Plugins

GUI/Script Synchronization

Estimation [Alpha]

User Documentation

Screenshot ()

Improvements

Automatic MATLAB Detection

Dynamics Model Numerics

Script Editor [Windows]

Regression Testing

Visual Improvements

Compatibility Changes

Platform Support

Script Syntax Changes

Fixed Issues

Known Issues

Index

l o o t s i l s y a n a n o s s m i i l a r e n e g GMAT User Guide R2014a www.nasa.gov

General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) User Guide The GMAT Development Team R2014a

General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT): User Guide

Table of Contents Documentation Overview ................................................................................................. vii Using GMAT .................................................................................................................... 1 Welcome to GMAT ................................................................................................... 3 Features Overview ............................................................................................. 3 Licensing .......................................................................................................... 4 Platform Support .............................................................................................. 4 Contributors ...................................................................................................... 4 Getting Started .......................................................................................................... 7 Installation ........................................................................................................ 7 Running GMAT ................................................................................................ 7 Sample Missions ................................................................................................ 8 Getting Help ..................................................................................................... 8 Tour of GMAT ......................................................................................................... 9 User Interfaces Overview ................................................................................... 9 Resources Tree ................................................................................................ 14 Mission Tree ................................................................................................... 17 Command Summary ........................................................................................ 26 Output Tree .................................................................................................... 29 Script Editor ................................................................................................... 29 Configuring GMAT ................................................................................................. 35 File Structure ................................................................................................... 35 Configuring Data Files ..................................................................................... 37 Tutorials .......................................................................................................................... 41 Simulating an Orbit .................................................................................................. 43 Objective and Overview ................................................................................... 43 Configure the Spacecraft .................................................................................. 43 Configure the Propagator ................................................................................. 45 Configure the Propagate Command ................................................................... 46 Run and Analyze the Results ............................................................................ 48 Simple Orbit Transfer .............................................................................................. 51 Objective and Overview ................................................................................... 51 Configure Maneuvers, Differential Corrector, and Graphics ................................. 51 Configure the Mission Sequence ....................................................................... 52 Run the Mission .............................................................................................. 58 Target Finite Burn to Raise Apogee .......................................................................... 61 Objective and Overview ................................................................................... 61 Create and Configure Spacecraft Hardware and Finite Burn ................................. 61 Create the Differential Corrector and Target Control Variable .............................. 67 Configure the Mission Sequence ....................................................................... 67 Run the Mission .............................................................................................. 72 Mars B-Plane Targeting ............................................................................................ 75 Objective and Overview ................................................................................... 75 Configure Fuel Tank, Spacecraft properties, Maneuvers, Propagators, Differential Corrector, Coordinate Systems and Graphics ...................................................... 77 Configure the Mission Sequence ....................................................................... 82 Run the Mission with first Target Sequence ........................................................ 93 iii

General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) Run the Mission with first and second Target Sequences .................................... 103 Optimal Lunar Flyby using Multiple Shooting ........................................................... 107 Objective and Overview ................................................................................. 107 Configure Coordinate Systems, Spacecraft, Optimizer, Propagators, Maneuvers, Variables, and Graphics .................................................................................. 110 Configure the Mission Sequence ...................................................................... 115 Design the Trajectory ..................................................................................... 122 Reference Guide ............................................................................................................ 129 I. Resources ........................................................................................................... 131 Array ............................................................................................................. 133 Barycenter ..................................................................................................... 137 CelestialBody ................................................................................................. 143 CoordinateSystem ........................................................................................... 157 DifferentialCorrector ...................................................................................... 177 EphemerisFile ................................................................................................ 183 FileInterface ................................................................................................... 197 FiniteBurn ..................................................................................................... 201 FminconOptimizer ......................................................................................... 205 Formation ..................................................................................................... 211 FuelTank ....................................................................................................... 215 GroundStation ............................................................................................... 225 GroundTrackPlot ........................................................................................... 231 ImpulsiveBurn ............................................................................................... 239 LibrationPoint ................................................................................................ 247 MatlabFunction .............................................................................................. 253 OrbitView ..................................................................................................... 257 Propagator ..................................................................................................... 281 ReportFile ..................................................................................................... 311 SolarSystem ................................................................................................... 321 Spacecraft ...................................................................................................... 325 Spacecraft Attitude ......................................................................................... 327 Spacecraft Ballistic/Mass Properties ................................................................. 359 Spacecraft Epoch ........................................................................................... 367 Spacecraft Hardware ....................................................................................... 377 Spacecraft Orbit State ..................................................................................... 383 Spacecraft Visualization Properties ................................................................... 413 String ............................................................................................................ 419 Thruster ........................................................................................................ 421 Variable ......................................................................................................... 439 VF13ad ......................................................................................................... 443 XYPlot .......................................................................................................... 447 II. Commands ....................................................................................................... 453 Achieve ......................................................................................................... 455 Assignment (=) .............................................................................................. 457 BeginFiniteBurn ............................................................................................. 465 BeginMissionSequence .................................................................................... 471 BeginScript .................................................................................................... 473 CallMatlabFunction ........................................................................................ 475 ClearPlot ....................................................................................................... 479 iv

General Mission Analysis Tool (GMAT) EndFiniteBurn ............................................................................................... 481 For ................................................................................................................ 483 If .................................................................................................................. 487 Maneuver ...................................................................................................... 491 MarkPoint ..................................................................................................... 495 Minimize ....................................................................................................... 497 NonlinearConstraint ....................................................................................... 501 Optimize ....................................................................................................... 505 PenUpPenDown ............................................................................................ 511 Propagate ...................................................................................................... 515 Report ........................................................................................................... 527 Set ................................................................................................................ 531 Stop .............................................................................................................. 533 Target ........................................................................................................... 535 Toggle ........................................................................................................... 541 Vary .............................................................................................................. 545 While ............................................................................................................ 553 III. System ............................................................................................................ 557 Calculation Parameters .................................................................................... 559 Color ............................................................................................................ 597 Command-Line Usage .................................................................................... 613 Keyboard Shortcuts ........................................................................................ 615 MATLAB Interface ........................................................................................ 617 Script Language ............................................................................................. 621 Startup File .................................................................................................... 633 Release Notes ................................................................................................................ 639 GMAT R2014a Release Notes ................................................................................. 639 GMAT R2013b Release Notes ................................................................................ 645 GMAT R2013a Release Notes ................................................................................. 649 GMAT R2012a Release Notes ................................................................................. 653 GMAT R2011a Release Notes ................................................................................. 660 Index ............................................................................................................................ 671 v

Documentation Overview Welcome, and thank you for using GMAT! This User Guide contains a wealth of material to intro- duce you to GMAT and how it works. It also provides an extensive Reference Guide that contains data on every Resource, Command, and major subcomponent in the system. Using GMAT The Using GMAT chapter contains high level and introductory information on the sytem. If you need information on how to install and run the system, would like a tour of the system, want know how to configure data files, or how GMAT is organized, start here. The Using GMAT section provides general information on GMAT and how to use the software. The Welcome to GMAT contains a brief project and software overview, including project status, li- censing, and contributors. The Getting Started section describes how to get and install GMAT, how to run the provided samples, and where to turn for further help. The Tour of GMAT is an in-depth guide through some of the key interface features, including the Resources tree, Mission tree, Command Summary, and Script Editor. Note We consider the User Interfaces Overview section to be essential reading, as it describes some fundamental aspects of how GMAT works. Tutorials The Tutorials section contains in-depth tutorials that show you how to use GMAT for end-to-end analysis. The tutorials are designed to teach you how to use GMAT in the context of performing real-world analysis and are intended to take between 30 minutes and several hours to complete. Each tutorial has a difficulty level and an approximate duration listed with any prerequisites in its introduction, and are arranged in a general order of difficulty. Here is a summary of selected Tutorials. For a complete list of tutorials see the Tutorials chapter. The Simulating an Orbit tutorial is the first tutorial you should take to learn how to use GMAT to solve mission design problems. You will learn how to specify an orbit and propagate to orbit periapsis. The Mars B-Plane Targeting tutorial shows how to use GMAT to design a Mars transfer trajectory by targeting desired B-plane conditions at Mars. The Target Finite Burn to Raise Apogee tutorial shows how to raise orbit apogee using finite maneuver targeting. Reference Guide The Reference Guide contains individual topics that describe each of GMAT's resources and com- mands. When you need detailed information on syntax or application-specific examples for specific vii

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