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2008年福建省厦门市中考数学真题及答案.doc

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2008 年福建省厦门市中考数学真题及答案 (试卷满分:150 分 考试时间:120 分钟) 考生注意:本学科考试有两张试卷,分别是本试题(共 4 页 26 题)和答题卡.试题答案要填在答题卡相 应的答题栏内,否则不能得分. 一、选择题(本大题有 7 题,每小题 3 分,共 21 分.每小题有四个选 项,其中有且只有一个选项正确) 1.下面几个数中,属于正数的是( ) A.3 B.  1 2 C. 2 D. 0 2.由四个相同的小正方体堆成的物体如图所示,它的俯视图是( ) A. B. C. D. 3.某鞋店试销一种新款女鞋,销售情况如下表所示: 正面 (第 2 题) 型号 数量(双) 22 3 22.5 5 23 10 23.5 15 24 8 24.5 3 25 2 鞋店经理最关心的是,哪种型号的鞋销量最大.对他来说,下列统计量中最重要的是( A.平均数 C.中位数 B.众数 D.方差 ) 4.已知方程| |x 2 ,那么方程的解是( ) A. 2 x  B. x   2 x C. 1  2  , x 2 2 D. 4 x  5.下列函数中,自变量 x 的取值范围是 2 x  的函数是( ) A. y x  2 B. y  1 x  2 C. y  2 x  1 D. y  1 x 2  1 6.在平行四边形 ABCD 中, B  60  ,那么下列各式中,不能..成立的是( ) A. D   60 B. A   120 C.     D C 180  D.     C A 180  7.在四川抗震救灾中,某抢险地段需实行爆破.操作人员点燃导火线后,要在炸药爆炸前跑到 400 米以 外的安全区域.已知导火线的燃烧速度是 1.2 厘米/秒,操作人员跑步的速度是 5 米/秒.为了保证操作人 员的安全,导火线的长度要超过( A.66 厘米 B.76 厘米 C.86 厘米 D.96 厘米 ) 二、填空题(本大题有 10 小题,每小题 4 分,共 40 分) 8.2008 年北京奥运圣火在厦门的传递路线长是 17400 米,用科学记数法表示为 9.一盒铅笔 12 支, n 盒铅笔共有 10.一组数据:3,5,9,12,6 的极差是 支. . 米. 11.计算: 3 2  .
12.不等式组 x 4 2       3 0 x  的解集是 . 14.如图,在矩形空地上铺 4 块扇形草地.若扇形的半径均为 r 米,圆心角均为90 , (第 14 题) 则铺上的草地共有 15.若 O 的半径为 5 厘米,圆心O 到弦 AB 的距离为 3 厘米,则弦长 AB 为 16 . 如 图 , 在 四 边 形 ABCD 中 , P 是 对 角 线 BD 的 中 点 , E F, 分 别 是 AB CD, 的 中 点 , 平方米. 厘米. AD BC  ,  PEF  18  ,则 PFE 的度数是 CF D P B A E (第 16 题) . C G D B A E (第 17 题) 17.如图,点G 是 ABC△ 的重心,CG 的延长线交 AB 于 D , GA  5cm , GC  4cm , GB  3cm , 将 ADG△ 绕点 D 旋转180 得到 BDE△ ,则 DE  cm, ABC△ 的面积  cm2. 三、解答题(本大题有 9 小题,共 89 分) 18.(本题满分 7 分) 先化简,再求值 x   1 x 2  2 x 2 x x ,其中 2 x  . 19.(本题满分 8 分) 四张大小、质地均相同的卡片上分别标有 1,2,3,4.现将标有数字的一面朝下扣在桌子上,然后由小明 从中随机抽取一张(不放回),再从剩下的 3 张中随机取第二张. (1)用画树状图的方法,列出小明前后两次取得的卡片上所标数字的所有可能情况; (2)求取得的两张卡片上的数字之积为奇数的概率.
20.(本题满分 9 分) 如图,为了测量电线杆的高度 AB ,在离电线杆 25 米的 D 处,用高 1.20 米的测角仪CD 测得电线杆顶端 A 的仰角 22  ,求电线杆 AB 的高.(精确到 0.1 米) 参考数据:sin 22  0.3746 , cos 22  0.9272 , tan 22  0.4040 , cot 22  2.4751 . A E B C D  (第 20 题) 21.(本题满分 9 分) 某商店购进一种商品,单价 30 元.试销中发现这种商品每天的销售量 p (件)与每件的销售价 x (元) 满足关系: 100 2  .若商店每天销售这种商品要获得 200 元的利润,那么每件商品的售价应定为多  p x 少元?每天要售出这种商品多少件? 22.(本题满分 10 分) 已知一次函数与反比例函数的图象交于点 ( 2 1) P  , 和 (1 Q m, . ) (1)求反比例函数的关系式; (2)求Q 点的坐标; (3)在同一直角坐标系中画出这两个函数图象的示意图,并观察图象回答:当 x 为何值时,一次函数的 值大于反比例函数的值?
23.(本题满分 10 分) 已知:如图, ABC△ (1)求证: PD 是 O 的切线; 2 (2)若 CAB 120 AB ,    中, AB AC ,求 BC 的值. ,以 AB 为直径的 O 交 BC 于点 P , PD AC 于点 D . C P D A B O (第 23 题) 24.(本题满分 12 分) 2 x c y    1) ( b 已知:抛物线  经过点 ( 1 x (1)求b c 的值; (2)若 3b  ,求这条抛物线的顶点坐标; (3)若 3b  ,过点 P 作直线 PA y 轴,交 y 轴于点 A ,交抛物线于另一点 B ,且  , . 2 ) b P 抛物线所对应的二次函数关系式.(提示:请画示意图思考) BP  2 PA ,求这条 25.(本题满分 12 分) 已知:如图所示的一张矩形纸片 ABCD ( AD AB ),将纸片折叠一次,使点 A 与C 重合,再展开,折 痕 EF 交 AD 边于 E ,交 BC 边于 F ,分别连结 AF 和CE . (1)求证:四边形 AFCE 是菱形; (2)若 AE  10cm , ABF△ 的面积为 24cm ,求 ABF△ 2 的周长; (3)在线段 AC 上是否存在一点 P ,使得 若存在,请说明点 P 的位置,并予以证明;若不存在,请说明理由. AC AP  ? 2AE  2 A B E D C F (第 25 题)
26.(本题满分 12 分) 如图,在直角梯形 OABD 中, DB OA∥ , OAB  90  ,点O 为坐标原点,点 A 在 x 轴的正半轴上,  2 , AB 2 3 : OA 对角线OB AD, 相交于点 M . (1)求OB 和OM 的值; (2)求直线OD 所对应的函数关系式; (3)已知点 P 在线段OB 上( P 不与点O B, 重合),经过点 A 和点 P 的直线交梯形OABD 的边于点 E 内的部分的面积为 S ,求 S 关于t 的函数关系式. ( E 异于点 A ),设OP t ,梯形OABD 被夹在 OAE BM MO  1: 2 , . y B D M O A (第 26 题) x
参考答案 一、选择题(本大题有 7 题,每小题 3 分,共 21 分) 1.A 二、填空题(本大题有 10 小题,每小题 4 分,共 40 分) 6.D 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 7.D 8. 1.74 10 4 9.12n 10.9 11. 6 12. 2    3x 13. k ≤ 4 14. 2πr 15.8 16.18 17.2,18 三、解答题(本大题有 9 小题,共 89 分) 18.解:原式  x 1)( ( x  x  1) 1)   2 ( x x x ·································································4 分  ··········································································································6 分 1 1x  当 2 x  时,原式 1 .·····················································································7 分 19.解:(1) 第一次 第二次 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 4 2 3 4 1 4 1 4 1 ·························6 分  .············································································· 8 分 1 6 中, (2) P (积为奇数) 20.解:在 Rt ACE△    tan AE CE  tan DB    ···························· 4 分 A E B C D  (第 20 题) 25 tan 22   ···························6 分  10.10≈  ·······························································································8 分   AB AE BE AE CD   答:电线杆的高度约为 11.3 米.········································································ 9 分 21.解:根据题意得: ( ··················································· 4 分  ≈ (米) 30)(100 2 ) x 10.10 1.20 11.3 200     x 整理得: 2 80  x x  1600 0  ············································································ 6 分   x ( 2 40)   , 0 x 40 (元)·········································································7 分   p 100 2  x  (件)···············································································8 分 20 答:每件商品的售价应定为 40 元,每天要销售这种商品 20 件.·······························9 分 22.解:(1)设反比例函数关系式为 y  , k x 反比例函数图象经过点 ( 2 P  , . 1) y P -2 2 1 -1 -1 -2 O 1 2 Q x
2 k   .···················································· 2 分   .·························· 3 分 反比例函数关第式 y 2 x 2 x ) y Q m, 在   上, (2)点 (1 m   .··································································································· 5 分 (1 Q , .··································································································6 分 2 2) (3)示意图.································································································ 8 分 1x  时,一次函数的值大于反比例函数的值.······························· 10 分 当 x   或 0 2 , C 23.(1)证明: AB AC B    .······························································································· 1 分 又OP OB , B   ································································································· 2 分  OPB    .··························································································· 3 分 AD  ∥ ·································································································· 4 分 OPB C OP 又 PD AC  于 D ,  ADP  90  ,  90 DPO  .··························································································· 5 分  PD 是 O 的切线.······················································································6 分 (2)连结 AP , AB 是直径,   ,······························· 8 分 C  P APB 90 AB AC  , 2 CAB  120  , D A O B  BAP  60  .···························································································· 9 分    , BC BP 3 2 3 .············································································· 10 分 24.解:(1)依题意得: 2 ( 1)   ( b  1)( 1)     ,·········································2 分 2 b c 2 b c    .······························································································· 3 分 (2)当 3b  时, c   ,·············································································· 4 分 5 (     5 1) 2 6    y x x x 2 2 抛物线的顶点坐标是 ( 1 6)  , .······································································ 6 分 (3)当 3b  时,抛物线对称轴 x   b 1  2   , 1 对称轴在点 P 的左侧. 因为抛物线是轴对称图形, ( 1 P  , 且 2 ) b BP  2 PA .   , ························································· 9 分 B ( 3 2 ) b y O x B P A
 b  2 1   . 2 5b  .····························································· 10 分 又 c   .·············································································· 11 分 b c   , 2 7 抛物线所对应的二次函数关系式 解法 2:(3)当 3b  时, x   b  2 x  4 x  .············································ 12 分 7   , 1 y 1  2 对称轴在点 P 的左侧.因为抛物线是轴对称图形,     , , ,且 ( 1   ( 3 2 ) b 2 ) b BP PA P B 2  , ······················································· 9 分   2   2) ( 3) 2 b b c   ,解得: 5  ,  3( b 2 b c c 又    .········································································· 10 分 7 ································································· 11 分 这条抛物线对应的二次函数关系式是 2  4 x  .······································ 12 分 7  x     , y 2 b c , 解法 3:(3)  ( b  b c   1) 2 2   y 2 x  x b   ·················································································7 分 BP x∥ 轴, 2 x   ( b  1) x b     2 2 b ···························································· 8 分 即: 2 x  ( b  1) x b    . 2 0 x 解得: 1   1 x , 2    ( b 2) ,即 Bx    ( b 2) ················································· 10 分 由 BP  2 PA , 1 (   b  2)   . 2 1   b 5  , c 7 ···························································································· 11 分 这条抛物线对应的二次函数关系式 y  2 x  4 x  ············································ 12 分 7 25.解:(1)连结 EF 交 AC 于O , 当顶点 A 与C 重合时,折痕 EF 垂直平分 AC , A E D  , 90    AOE COF OA OC   ∽△ FCO , COF  ·····················1 分   在平行四边形 ABCD 中, AD BC∥ , EAO  AOE △   ··································································································· 2 分 四边形 AFCE 是菱形.················································································· 3 分 (2)四边形 AFCE 是菱形, 设 AB x , BF y , AF AE 90  B  OE OF  . PO 10 . , C  F B 2   x   x ( 2 y  100 ······························································································ 4 分 2 y )  2 xy  100 ①
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