2003 年上海华东师范大学环境科学概论考研真题 一、名词解释（共计 30 分.每题 5 分） 1.环境容量 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2.生物多样性 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.噪声级 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.温室效应 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 5.赤潮 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 6.清洁生产 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 二、简述题（共计 50 分.每题 10 分） 1.简述伦敦烟雾事件和洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件的异同点 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2.简述巴塞尔公约的主要原则及其相关措施 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.简述人口增长对环境造成的压力 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.简述 BOD、COD 两种水质指标的含义及其在水处理中的作用 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 5.简述水体植物营养物的来源及水体富营养化的主要危害 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 

三、论述题（第 1 题必选.第 2、3、4 题任选二题.共计 70 分） 1.试述影响空气污染的气象因素及其影响状况（20 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2.试述酸雨的形成机制及其防治对策（25 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.试述废水生物处理方法的主要类型及其应用特点（25 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.试述城市生态系统的功能特性以及如何利用其功能来调控城市环境质量（25 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________