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2017年6月英语六级真题第3套.doc
2017年6月英语六级真题（第三套）
Part IWriting（30 minutes）
Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities
atcollege,writeanessaytostate youropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteat least
150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II
Listening Comprehension
（30 minutes）
（说明：由于2017年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺
序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）
Part III
Section A
Reading Comprehension
（40 minutes）
Directions: Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone
wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.
Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebank
isidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in
the bank more than once.
Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study
has revealed. This phenomenon is often
26
to as the “first-night-effect”. Researchers
from Brown University found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain “remained more
active” than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears
（stimulating the left hemisphere） of
27
was more likely to wake them up than if the noises
were played into their left ear.
It was
28
observed that the brain was more active during deep sleep. When the researchers
repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere
could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained that
the study demonstrated “when we arei n a
29
environment, the brain partly remains alert
so that humans can defend themselves against any
30
danger.”
The researchers believe this is the first time that the “first-night-effect” of
different brain states has been
31
in humans. It isn’t, however, the first time it has
ever been seen. Some animal
32
also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as
well as other
33
animals shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A
previous study noted that dolphins always
34
control their breathing. Without keeping the
brain active while sleeping, they would probably down. But, as the human study suggest, another
reason for dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for
35
while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working.
I）potential
J）predators
K）referred
L）species
M）specifically
N）varieties
O）volunteers
A）classified
B）consciously
C）dramatically
D）exotic
E）identified
F）inherent
G）marine
H）novel
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to
it.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe
paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethan
once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon
[A] Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long”. Notwithstanding important recent
progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further
innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions
of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
[B] Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action
to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently
needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change.
That approach also offers fiscal benefits.
[C] Oil prices have dropped by over 60 percent since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil
industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices”. The reasoning behind
this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually
shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields—which
can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost—are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience,
capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including
the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time
around.
[D] Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added
about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply.
In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic
behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian
exports, the scaling-down of global demand（especially from emerging markets）, the long-term
drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes.
These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale（页岩）, point to a “low for long”
scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel
by 2019, support this view.
[E] Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to
be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is
used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The
North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of
the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the
Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other
places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling down
of demand, especially from China, which burns half of the world’s coal.
[F] Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar,
and geothermal（地热）. Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent
on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United
Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption
from renewable sources by 2021.
[G] Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices
remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption,
which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But
renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to
avoid unacceptable climate risks.
[H] Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive
for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that
both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel
prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.
[I] The current low fossil-fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition
from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial
carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely
be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.
[J] Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children’s
Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages
as a result of the strongest ElNiño（厄尔尼诺）weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists
believe that El Niño events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a
result of climate change.
[K] Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change
Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad participation to address fully the global
tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon
emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participants by nations, if sufficiently
widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.
[L] The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction
commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put
a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions
that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates
that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies
and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream
carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may
wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare,
every country’s carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damages from emissions,
but also the damages to foreign countries.
[M] Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon
users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean
energy sources, a carbon price would also help to align the market return to clean-energy
innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the
development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture
and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price,
low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability
of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damages from carbon emissions differ, and
it’s especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most
estimates suggest substantial negative effects.
[N] Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are
a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market
incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases
without regard to the collateral（附带的）costs.
[O] The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on
carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point
in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions,
however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks.
36. A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the
foreseeable future.
37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of
African children.
39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.
40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner
technology.
41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse
gases.
42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in today’s world.
43. Even major fossil exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies.
44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind.
45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate
level to lessen the catastrophic effects of climate change.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C)
andD). YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Tennessee’s technical and community college will not outsource（外包）management of their
facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of
spending at each campus.
In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system,
outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus’ spending
on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan
said those findings—which included data from the system’s 13 community colleges, 27 technical
colleges and six universities—were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill
Haslam’s proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.
“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they
might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents. “System institutions are
operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursing
a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”
Workers’ advocates have criticized Haslam’s plan, saying it would mean some campus workers
would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of
the outsourcing plan, which has not been finalized.
Morgan notified that Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last
week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally
obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.
In an email statement from the state’s Office of Customer Focused Government, which is
examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were
still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the
college system and in other state departments will be part of a “business justification” the
state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.
“The state’s facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its
business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the
end of February,” Martin said. “At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis
has yet to be completed.”
Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against
one of Haslam’s plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would
retire at the end of January because of the governor’s proposal to split off six universities
of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his
resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization “unworkable”.
46. What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?
A）It is backed by a campus spending analysis.
B）It has been flatly rejected by the governor.
C）It has neglected their faculty’s demands.
D）It will improve their financial situation.
47. What does the campus spending analysis reveal?
A）Private companies play a big role in campus management.
B）Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.
C）Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.
D）College exercise full control over their own financial affairs.
48. Workers’ supporters argue that Bill Haslam’s proposal would ______.
A）deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilities
B）make workers less motivated in performing duties
C）render a number of campus workers jobless
D）lead to the privatization of campus facilities
49. What do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John Morgan’s decision?
A）The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.
B）The outsourcing plan will be implemented.
C）The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.
D）The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.
50. Why did John Morgan decide to resign?
A）He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.
B）He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.
C）He thought the state’s outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.
D）He opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct the college board system.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than
a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department
store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend
heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar.
Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending
on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.
The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably
warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can
be attributed to shortfalls（短缺）in cold-weather goods,” said chief executive Terry Lundgren
in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.
However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary
aberration（偏离）off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this
year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company
pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be
reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer “voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior
executives. It will splash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000
employees.
The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company
had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected.
None of the chain’s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.
Macy’s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It
has plans to open more locations of Macy’s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which
might help it better compete with ambitious T.J. Maxx. It’s also pushing ahead in 2016 with
an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty
shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s
hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.
One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was the online channel, where
it rang up “double-digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it
filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wider retail industry
during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday
all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.
51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?
A）It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.
B）It is a direct result of the global economic recession.
C）It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.
D）It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.
52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems?
A）They can be solved with better management.
B）They cannot be attributed to weather only.
C）They are not as serious in its online stores.
D）They call for increased investments.
53. In order to cut costs, Macy’s decided to _______.
A）cut the salary of senior executives
B）relocate some of its chain stores
C）adjust its promotion strategies
D）reduce the size of its staff
54. Why does Macy’s plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?
A）To experiment on its new business concept.
B）To focus more on beauty products than clothing.
C）To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.
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