2018年8月托福真题回忆及解析.doc

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2018 年 8 月托福真题回忆及解析梦想在前方，努力在路上。对于考生来说，拿到证书就是我们向往的远方。无忧考网搜集整理了 2018 年 8 月托福真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。2018 年 8 月举行了 2 场考试，时间分别为 8 月 25 日、8 月 26 日。以下内容仅供参考。 8 月 25 日托福口语真题回忆： Task 1 内容回忆：Talk about one thing you are afraid of and how you overcome in psychology? 讲一件你害怕的事情，和你的心理过程? 参考素材：写论文，演讲，独立旅游，教书，给老年人开车，小区画画，体育运动等 One thing I am afraid of is to talk in public, I mean speech. I am kind of shy, introvert. I dare not to speak with strangers, never mention about in public. That would be so hard for me. I remember it was 10 years ago when I was in university. And I attended an English presentation. I had fully prepared for several months ahead of competition day. I revised my speech content hundred of times and practiced over 5 hours per day. When I was on the stage to give a speech for audience, more than 200 people, I guess. I was not scare too much by fully preparation. I was proud of myself what I overcame. I wasn’t afraid of speech any more. That’s one thing I use to worry about and finally I did it. (138) Task 2 内容回忆：Do you think library is a place for students to get together or have group discussion? 你觉得图书馆是让学生约朋友见面、开会的地方吗? 相关话题：图书馆功能话题历届真题： 1、图书馆会不会消失? 2、校园场景题目，今年下半年重点、重点、重点。敲黑板啦～参考 TPO 17-3 New Library Workspaces I am sure that everyone will agree on library is an ideal place for students to get get together. To start off, the majority of students will spend more time in library, like reading, self studying, group discussion and so on. Take me for example, I used to spend the whole day immerse myself in library, about 8 hours and I love to read in library. In addition, there are less place in school for students to have group discussion. But library which is so important for students to study has enough spacious rooms and tables that are so convenient. Therefore, that’s two factors that I strongly recommend that library is a wonderful place to have school activities. (130)

Task 3 学校建筑阅读主题：学校得了 donation，有 letter 建议要修钟 1、钟是学校象征很著名，想到钟就想到学校 2、钟提醒学生时间听力主题：反对 1、建筑物才是学校象征不是钟而且大家都看钟不需要听他的声音 2、大家都有手表或者电话不需要钟提醒时间 Task 4 环境科学阅读：少量毒物不会造成死亡反而会带来好处听力：教授做了一个实验，两块地一块打除草剂一块不打，有除草剂的长出很多 Task 5 紧急情况问题：一个男的家里特别冷，但是房东不在本地解决方案：方案 1：找人修优点 1：无缺点 1：他不知道电话，找朋友帮忙看要挺长时间，晚上还会很冷。方案 2：住朋友家，朋友不在家。优点 2：无缺点 2：他房东要一个星期才回来，他觉得太打扰朋友 Task 6 心理学话题：psychology safety 要点：成功的领导人要创造小组氛围 1、给予犯错的机会 2、是要让成员觉得自己不是 worker 而是 people。 8 月 25 日托福听力真题回忆： Conversation： Conversation 1 话题分类：师生对话内容回忆：学生征求演讲的建议，教授建议脱稿自然发挥参考听力：参考 16 年 1 月 9 日真题 Conversation2 Conversation 2 话题分类：学校日常生活场景内容回忆：学生在 cafe 的工作和上课时间撞上了，教授建议换个工作去当司机。参考听力：参考 TPO17 Conversation2 Conversation 3 话题分类：师生对话内容回忆：贝尔的发明 Conversation 4 话题分类：师生对话内容回忆：电子音乐,围绕电子音乐和周五学校的演出参考听力：TPO 44 Conversation 2 Lecture：

Lecture 1 话题分类：经济学内容回忆：亚当斯密的理论，教授说了他理论的不足，在一些特定的情况下无法实现利益最大化。 Lecture 2 话题分类：地理学内容回忆：说影响地貌的两种方式，侵蚀和板块运动导致的山脉，之前有学者认为侵蚀一定会导致海拔下降，教授不同意，说被侵蚀过后板块重量下降更容易在板块运动中被抬高。参考听力：参考 17 年 6 月 3 日 Lecture4 Lecture 3 话题分类：动物学内容回忆：大象次声波：动物用人类听不到的声音进行交流。参考听力：参考 TPO 7 Lecture2 Lecture 4 话题分类：美国建筑史，内容回忆：关于路易斯康的建筑设计，一开始模仿古希腊哥特式，后来有了 steel 更多的设计出来了参考听力：TPO15-L2 Lecture 5 话题分类：艺术类内容回忆：交响乐 Lecture6 话题分类：动物学内容回忆：深海动物的照明参考听力：参考真题 16 年 1 月 9 日 L4 Lecture7 话题分类：天文学内容回忆：红矮星理论——超难…… 参考听力：参考真题 16 年 6 月 25 日 L2 Lecture8 话题分类：生物学内容回忆：海洋里岩石的生长(和细菌有关) 参考听力：参考啄木鸟内部真题 T13 L4 Lecture9 话题分类：动物学内容回忆：鸟的集群飞行行为：鸟成群飞行有两大原因，一是为了安全，二是跟随共同的领头鸟，不至于迷失方向。 Lecture10 话题分类：历史内容回忆：罗马帝国的衰落对气候的影响 8 月 25 日托福写作真题回忆：

综合写作话题分类：阅读提出一个新的事物的作用，听力反驳阅读中的论点。属于“对立”题型。考题回忆：总论点阅读中主要对英国控制外来植物 false bamboo 给出了三个方法，听力从这三个角度来反驳方法的不合理性。阅读部分：阅读文章说了三点：第一个分论点：斩草除根。第二个分论点：喷洒化学除草剂。第三个分论点：引进外来昆虫 plant louse 吸树液。听力部分：听力不认同阅读的观点。第一个对应的反驳观点是：很难拔干净一旦有残余又重新涨回来。第二个对应反驳的分论点：一次杀不死全部，每年每季度三四次，浪费钱。第三个对应反驳的分论点是：昆虫来自亚洲，冬天很难在英国存活，一旦虫子数量减少，作用丧失。另外该虫万一大量繁衍怎么办。解题思路：综合写作基本框架思路。注意转述内容时侧重于听力部分，且以表意清晰为主要目的。参考范文：综合写作参照(考场回忆信息量有限，仅供参考) Both the author and the lecturer concentrate on the approaches to control the increase of a non-native plant-false bamboo in Britain. The reading passage asserts that its three methods are quite effective to stop this tendency. However, the professor in the lecture totally refutes all the passage's viewpoints. Firstly, even though the writer claims that one way is to dig deep to remove the roots of false bamboo, the speaker discredits this by arguing that the viewpoint is not convincing, as it is difficult for people to clean out all roots without any tiny omission. However, a small piece of root could grow back to its original large size and spread quickly. Therefore, it is unlikely to carry on a clean kill. Furthermore, despite the statement in the reading passage that the use of chemical pesticides is also a helpful way, the professor contends that it is not so efficient that people have to spray those chemicals three to four times every season each year. The speaker further explains that this method is more likely to waste more money and increase the financial burden. Finally, the author states that the introduction of natural enemies-a kind of insect is beneficial in controlling the worsening situation, The lecturer counters that it doesn’t work well. The professor advances the argument, saying that although these insects from Asia are helpful, they cannot adapt to the freezing coldness in winter. Besides, another danger is that once these predators adapt well and reproduce massively, other native species or even the whole local eco-system will suffer. For these concerns, the third measure does not fit for this issue. In brief, the writer and the speaker contradict each other on whether these three methods are valid to control the spread of false bamboo.

本篇范文可以借鉴的模板： Both the author and the lecturer concentrate on___________. The reading passage asserts that_____________. However, the professor in the lecture totally refutes all the passage's viewpoints. Firstly, even though the writer claims that_______________, the speaker discredits this by arguing that____________________. Furthermore, despite the statement in the reading passage that ____________, the professor contends that______________________. The speaker further explains that____________. Finally, the author states that_____________. The professor advances the argument, saying that__________. In brief, the writer and the speaker contradict each other on_________ 独立写作话题分类：教育类话题。命题中给了两个对象作出对比，从一个角度思考，从而去提出三个分论点加以分析和论证。考题回忆：Which kind of professors will you choose when selecting the courses? 1, Some professors who are voted to be the most popular one? 2, Some professors who are rewarded of outstanding research? 解题思路：思路分析：两个角度无论从哪个方面都可以写出有关教育类的词汇，本文从受欢迎的角度去写。主要观点：受欢迎的老师首先他们的教学方法可以使得学生们积极性更高，上课更有参与感，并且学生给予的反馈和评价能进一步提高教学表现，另外，流行的老师肯定也具备本科生所需的全部知识，并且有更多的精力和时间在授课上。相反，有突出成就的教授可能更集中在学术研究上而对教学传授知识没有耐心。最后补充其他性格魅力参考范文：Nowadays, who is a better course choice for students specially in a university, a well-evaluated professor among students or one rewarded for his outstanding research? This kind of topic is never out of fashion since professors play a determining role in their young followers’ academic study. From my perspective, the most popular professor will have more practical help to my study. First and foremost, these welcomed teachers are more likely to adopt an innovative teaching method to increase students’ participation, interest and independent analysis. Besides, students’ positive appraisal will in turn motivate teachers to further upgrade their teaching plan and materials. Immersed in such a well-developed cycle and a harmonious learning environment, those freshmen will have more persistence to explore the magic of science, technology or art step by step. In contrast, the traditional “teacher-centered” mode many other professors still take as their priority may treat students as passive spectators, which does not contribute to their effectiveness of study. Therefore, in a long term, students will feel bored, even emotionally biased against their major courses. Another strong argument is that if you want to be a popular professor, rich

knowledge system is the basic requirement. This is because for many students, one of their biggest joys comes from challenging their imparters, finding out their mistakes. To satisfy these guys, those on the stage have to prepare every possible question in advance. Moreover, compared with those getting an award of their research, who may be in short of the lecturing experience or have less patience or interest in next generation cultivation, the most popular professor could contribute more time and energy to interact, give the feedback and reflect their own teaching process. Eventually, Another key factor is the personal charm. Entering into the colleges, young adults will not only learn academic theories, but more importantly reshape their own personality. During the lecturing course, they could also get enlightenment in other qualities, such as humor, innovation, or dedication. In conclusion, I am the firm advocate of the most popular professors since they are successful not only in knowledge itself, but in teaching method, as well as their personality. 8 月 25 日托福阅读真题回忆： Passage one 学科分类：生物类动物题目：Spider 内容回忆：介绍一类蜘蛛，make some decoration on its web. Explain the possible reasons: 可能 1:attract their prey=insects who 利用紫外线找食物。蜘蛛网有反射紫外线的功能，这种功能能让它被一些昆虫发现，但也能让一些传播花粉的昆虫误以为是花，而落网一些蜘蛛装饰它们自己的网，这种做法有特殊的好处，比如让鸟类飞行时可以避开，避免网被破坏等 But 可能 2：不是为了吸引猎物，而是食物已经很丰富，有多余 energy 做这些装饰。并做了一实验验证，确实如此。 Passage two 学科分类：生物类动物题目：生物类动物的不同运动方式及原理 locomotion 内容回忆： 1：海里的鱼类进化成流线型减少阻力游泳时，尾巴鱼鳍的作用 2：步行的动物减少接触地面的时间，减少摩擦，体型大 3：飞行的动物长出某种肌肉，翅膀站体重 20%，体型小词汇题： Feat=accomplishment constrains to = restrictions on mechanism= method predominantly= mainly 参考阅读：Tpo2-2 水里

It should： be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 andblowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is noteasy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans. 陆地 Animal aerial locomotion can be divided into two categories—powered and unpowered. In unpowered modes of locomotion, the animal uses aerodynamics forces exerted on the body due to wind or falling through the air. In powered flight, the animal uses muscular power to generate aerodynamic forces. Animals using unpowered aerial locomotion cannot maintain altitude and speed due to unopposed drag, while animals using powered flight can maintain steady, level flight as long as their muscles are capable of doing so. Passage three 学科分类：经济类题目：荷兰捕鱼业内容回忆：荷兰捕鱼业强的原因：1：一种船的使用 2：保存鱼的方法。此捕鱼业代动了相关产业的发展。最后一段：如何捕猎鲸鱼，以及随着数量减少造更牛的船参考阅读：The Netherlands has a long tradition as a fishing and fish processing nation. The trade in fish started as early as the Middle Ages, when it became the cornerstone of the Dutch wealth. Till this day the fleet supplies the eleven fish markets in our country daily with fresh fish. A lot has changed though since the Middle Ages. Sustainable management of the fish stock has become of increasing importance and innovations of the fishing techniques are ongoing to preserve the environment. Maintaining the highest standards of quality is of the utmost importance. It is therefore no surprise that the Dutch fishing industry is renowned for its high-quality products and the high level of innovations. An industry to be proud of! Passage four 学科分类：经济类

题目：英国农业贸易内容回忆：两次工业革命对英国农业贸易的影响，外来的农产品竞争导致本地农产品降价导致农民收益减少。词汇题： Courteous= polite Posed=presented Durable= long-lasting Hastened=hurried 类似：Tpo33-2、tpo46-2 Passage five 学科分类：考古题目：白垩纪温度升高的原因内容回忆：原因 1：二氧化碳浓度高。反驳掉。详细解释：如果 CO2 高，植物光合作用需要很少的物质 S 因为很容易进行。But 化石研究及海水酸度研究发现：S 不少，所以 CO2 浓度和现在一样。原因 2：冰川深海冰中存在某种气体，温度上升，冰川融化，气体释放加剧温室效应。参考阅读：Each climate warming spike correlates with an episode of extinction identified in an earlier study led by Professor Tom Tobin of the University of Alabama. “Our findings support the ‘press-pulse’ extinction mechanism,” said Doctor Sierra Petersen, referring to the theory that long-term environmental stress made life on Earth vulnerable to the shock of the asteroid impact. “The volcanism caused significant climate change, and the environmental stress from this climate change likely led to enhanced overall extinction.” Petersen’s paper appears to contradict one published just a couple of weeks ago by James Witts of the University of Leeds and colleagues, who found there was one single, “sudden” (meaning within 30,000 to 70,000 years) extinction correlated with the asteroid impact, using fossils from the same place as Petersen gathered her specimens from – Seymour Island on the Antarctic Peninsula. Petersen points out that Witts’ paper does show a small extinction episode correlating to the first temperature spike, whereas earlier studies found that the two extinction pulses were of roughly equal severity. Unfortunately, the Witts paper only came out after our paper was already in production, so we could not add this discussion into our paper. It’s curious that Petersen and her colleagues found a warming spike associated with the asteroid impact, when you might expect an asteroid impact to generate acooling spike from the“impact winter”triggered by all the sulfur and dust kicked up into Earth’s atmosphere. Indeed, Doctor Johan Vellekoop of the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, and colleagues have just published a paper claiming to have found “evidence of impact-provoked, severe climatic cooling immediately following the K-Pg impact” in sediments offshore New Jersey. [Our] study does not have the resolution to observe the impact winter, which would only have lasted a few years at the most. Such a transient cold snap would be hard-pressed to be recorded in ocean

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