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PyQt5 tutorial This is PyQt5 tutorial. The tutorial is suited for beginners and intermediate programmers. After reading this tutorial, you will be able to program non trivial PyQt5 applications. Table of contents  Introduction  First programs  Menus and toolbars  Layout management  Events and signals  Dialogs  Widgets  Widgets II  Drag & drop  Painting  Custom widgets  The Tetris game

Introduction to PyQt5 This is an introductory PyQt5 tutorial. The purpose of this tutorial is to get you started with the PyQt5 toolkit. The tutorial has been created and tested on Linux. PyQt4 tutorial covers PyQt4, which is a blending of the Python language (2.x and 3.x) to the Qt4 library. About PyQt5 PyQt5 is a set of Python bindings for Qt5 application framework from Digia. It is available for the Python 2.x and 3.x. This tutorial uses Python 3. Qt library is one of the most powerful GUI libraries. The official home site for PyQt5 is www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/news. PyQt5 is developed by Riverbank Computing. PyQt5 is implemented as a set of Python modules. It has over 620 classes and 6000 functions and methods. It is a multiplatform toolkit which runs on all major operating systems, including Unix, Windows, and Mac OS. PyQt5 is dual licensed. Developers can choose between a GPL and a commercial license. PyQt5's classes are divided into several modules, including the following:  QtCore  QtGui  QtWidgets  QtMultimedia  QtBluetooth  QtNetwork  QtPositioning  Enginio  QtWebSockets  QtWebKit  QtWebKitWidgets  QtXml  QtSvg  QtSql  QtTest The QtCore module contains the core non GUI functionality. This module is used for working with time, files and directories, various data types, streams, URLs, mime types, threads or processes. The

QtGui contains classes for windowing system integration, event handling, 2D graphics, basic imaging, fonts and text. The QtWidgets module contains classes that provide a set of UI elements to create classic desktop-style user interfaces. The QtMultimedia contains classes to handle multimedia content and APIs to access camera and radio functionality. The QtBluetooth module contains classes to scan for devices and connect and interact with them. The QtNetwork module contains the classes for network programming. These classes facilitate the coding of TCP/IP and UDP clients and servers by making the network programming easier and more portable. The QtPositioning contains classes to determine a position by using a variety of possible sources, including satellite, Wi-Fi, or a text file. The Enginio module implements the client-side library for accessing the Qt Cloud Services Managed Application Runtime. The QtWebSockets module contains classes that implement the WebSocket protocol. The QtWebKit contains classes for a web browser implementation based on the WebKit2 library. The QtWebKitWidgets contains classes for a WebKit1 based implementation of a web browser for use in QtWidgets based applications. The QtXml contains classes for working with XML files. This module provides implementation for both SAX and DOM APIs. The QtSvg module provides classes for displaying the contents of SVG files. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is a language for describing two-dimensional graphics and graphical applications in XML. The QtSql module provides classes for working with databases. The QtTest contains functions that enable unit testing of PyQt5 applications. PyQt4 and PyQt5 differences The PyQt5 is not backward compatible with PyQt4; there are several significant changes in PyQt5. However, it is not very difficult to adjust older code to the new library. The differences are, among others, the following:  Python modules have been reorganized. Some modules have been dropped (QtScript), others have been split into submodules (QtGui, QtWebKit).  New modules have been introduced, including QtBluetooth, QtPositioning, or Enginio.  PyQt5 supports only the new-style signal and slots handlig. The calls to SIGNAL() or SLOT() are no longer supported.  PyQt5 does not support any parts of the Qt API that are marked as deprecated or obsolete in Qt v5.0.

Python Python is a general-purpose, dynamic, object- oriented programming language. The design purpose of the Python language emphasizes programmer productivity and code readability. Python was initially developed by Guido van Rossum. It was first released in 1991. Python was inspired by ABC, Haskell, Java, Lisp, Icon, and Perl programming languages. Python is a high-level, general purpose, multiplatform, interpreted language. Python is a minimalistic language. One of its most visible features is that it does not use semicolons nor brackets. It uses indentation instead. There are two main branches of Python currently: Python 2.x and Python 3.x. Python 3.x breaks backward compatibility with previous releases of Python. It was created to correct some design flaws of the language and make the language more clean. The most recent version of Python 2.x is 2.7.9, and of Python 3.x is 3.4.2. Python is maintained by a large group of volunteers worldwide. Python is open source software. Python is an ideal start for those who want to learn programming. This tutorial uses Python 3.x version. Python programming language supports several programming styles. It does not force a programmer to a specific paradigm. Python supports object-oriented and procedural programming. There is also a limited support for functional programming. The official web site for the Python programming language is python.org Perl, Python, and Ruby are widely used scripting languages. They share many similarities and they are close competitors. Python toolkits

For creating graphical user interfaces, Python programmers can choose among three decent options: PyQt4, PyGTK, and wxPython. This chapter was an introduction to PyQt4 toolkit.

First programs in PyQt5 In this part of the PyQt5 tutorial we learn some basic functionality. Simple example This is a simple example showing a small window. Yet we can do a lot with this window. We can resize it, maximise it or minimise it. This requires a lot of coding. Someone already coded this functionality. Because it repeats in most applications, there is no need to code it over again. PyQt5 is a high level toolkit. If we would code in a lower level toolkit, the following code example could easily have hundreds of lines. #!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial In this example, we create a simple window in PyQt5. author: Jan Bodnar website: zetcode.com last edited: January 2015 """ import sys from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) w = QWidget() w.resize(250, 150) w.move(300, 300) w.setWindowTitle('Simple') w.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())

The above code example shows a small window on the screen. import sys from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget Here we provide the necessary imports. The basic widgets are located in PyQt5.QtWidgets module. app = QApplication(sys.argv) Every PyQt5 application must create an application object. The sys.argv parameter is a list of arguments from a command line. Python scripts can be run from the shell. It is a way how we can control the startup of our scripts. w = QWidget() The QWidget widget is the base class of all user interface objects in PyQt5. We provide the default constructor for QWidget. The default constructor has no parent. A widget with no parent is called a window. w.resize(250, 150) The resize() method resizes the widget. It is 250px wide and 150px high. w.move(300, 300) The move() method moves the widget to a position on the screen at x=300, y=300 coordinates. w.setWindowTitle('Simple') Here we set the title for our window. The title is shown in the titlebar. w.show() The show() method displays the widget on the screen. A widget is first created in memory and later shown on the screen. sys.exit(app.exec_()) Finally, we enter the mainloop of the application. The event handling starts from this point. The mainloop receives events from the window

system and dispatches them to the application widgets. The mainloop ends if we call the exit() method or the main widget is destroyed. The sys.exit() method ensures a clean exit. The environment will be informed how the application ended. The exec_() method has an underscore. It is because the exec is a Python keyword. And thus, exec_() was used instead. Figure: Simple An application icon The application icon is a small image which is usually displayed in the top left corner of the titlebar. In the following example we will s how how we do it in PyQt5. We will also introduce some new methods. #!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial This example shows an icon in the titlebar of the window. author: Jan Bodnar website: zetcode.com last edited: January 2015 """ import sys from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

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