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Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Measurement Expressions
Measurement Expressions Syntax
Case Sensitivity
Variable Names
Built-in Constants
Operator Precedence
Conditional Expressions
Manipulating Simulation Data with Expressions
Simulation Data
Measurements and Expressions
Generating Data
Simple Sweeps and Using “[ ]”
S-Parameters and Matrices
Matrices
Multidimensional Sweeps and Indexing
User-Defined Functions
Functions Reference Format
Chapter 2: Using Measurement Expressions in Advanced Design System
MeasEqn (Measurement Equations Component)
Pre-Configured Measurements in ADS
Measurement Expressions Examples in ADS
Alphabetical Listing of Measurement Functions
Chapter 3: Circuit Budget Functions
Budget Measurement Analysis
Frequency Plan
Reflection and Backward-Traveling Wave Effects
Chapter 4: Circuit Envelope Functions
Working with Envelope Data
Chapter 5: Data Access Functions
Chapter 6: Harmonic Balance Functions
Working with Harmonic Balance Data
Chapter 7: Math Functions
Chapter 8: Signal Processing Functions
Chapter 9: S-Parameter Analysis Functions
Chapter 10: Statistical Analysis Functions
Chapter 11: Transient Analysis Functions
Working with Transient Data
Chapter 12: FrontPanel Eye Diagram Functions
Working with the Eye Diagram FrontPanel
Index
Measurement Expressions August 2005
Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Warranty A copy of the specific warranty terms that apply to this software product is available upon request from your Agilent Technologies representative. Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the U. S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 for DoD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for other agencies. © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 1983-2005 395 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304 U.S.A. Acknowledgments Mentor Graphics is a trademark of Mentor Graphics Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. Microsoft®, Windows®, MS Windows®, Windows NT®, and MS-DOS® are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Pentium® is a U.S. registered trademark of Intel Corporation. PostScript® and Acrobat® are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. UNIX® is a registered trademark of the Open Group. Java™ is a U.S. trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SystemC® is a registered trademark of Open SystemC Initiative, Inc. in the United States and other countries and is used with permission. ii
Contents 1 Introduction to Measurement Expressions Measurement Expressions Syntax ........................................................................... 1-3 Case Sensitivity.................................................................................................. 1-4 Variable Names .................................................................................................. 1-4 Built-in Constants ............................................................................................... 1-5 Operator Precedence ......................................................................................... 1-5 Conditional Expressions..................................................................................... 1-6 Manipulating Simulation Data with Expressions....................................................... 1-7 Simulation Data .................................................................................................. 1-7 Measurements and Expressions ........................................................................ 1-8 Generating Data ................................................................................................. 1-8 Simple Sweeps and Using “[ ]” ........................................................................... 1-9 S-Parameters and Matrices................................................................................ 1-9 Matrices.............................................................................................................. 1-10 Multidimensional Sweeps and Indexing ............................................................. 1-10 User-Defined Functions............................................................................................ 1-10 Functions Reference Format .................................................................................... 1-12 2 Using Measurement Expressions in Advanced Design System MeasEqn (Measurement Equations Component) .................................................... 2-2 Pre-Configured Measurements in ADS .................................................................... 2-4 Measurement Expressions Examples in ADS .......................................................... 2-8 Alphabetical Listing of Measurement Functions ....................................................... 2-11 3 Circuit Budget Functions Budget Measurement Analysis................................................................................. 3-1 Frequency Plan .................................................................................................. 3-2 Reflection and Backward-Traveling Wave Effects............................................... 3-3 4 Circuit Envelope Functions Working with Envelope Data..................................................................................... 4-1 5 Data Access Functions 6 Harmonic Balance Functions Working with Harmonic Balance Data ...................................................................... 6-1 iii
7 Math Functions 8 Signal Processing Functions 9 S-Parameter Analysis Functions 10 Statistical Analysis Functions 11 Transient Analysis Functions Working with Transient Data..................................................................................... 11-1 12 FrontPanel Eye Diagram Functions Working with the Eye Diagram FrontPanel ............................................................... 12-2 Index iv
Chapter 1: Introduction to Measurement Expressions This document describes the measurement expressions that are available for use with several Agilent EEsof EDA products. For a complete list of available measurement functions, refer to the Alphabetical Listing of Measurement Functions in Chapter 2 or consult the index. Measurement expressions are equations that are evaluated during simulation post processing. They can be entered into the program using various methods, depending on which product you are using. Unlike the expressions described in the Simulator Expressions documentation, these expressions are evaluated after a simulation has completed, not before the simulation is run. Measurement expressions can also be easily used in a Data Display. For more information on entering equations in a data display, refer to the Data Display documentation. Although there is some overlap among many of the more commonly used functions, measurement expressions and simulator expressions are derived from separate sources, evaluated at different times, and can have subtle differences in their usages. Thus, these two types of expressions need to be considered separately. For an overview of how measurement expressions are evaluated, refer to Figure 1-1. 1-1
Introduction to Measurement Expressions Start Simulation Evaluate Simulator Expressions Complete Simulation Evaluate Measurement Expressions Measurement Expressions are evaluated during simulation post-processing. Open Data Display Evaluate Measurement Expressions in Data Display Measurement Expressions can also be evaluated in a Data Display. Figure 1-1. How Measurement Expressions are Evaluated. 1-2
Within this document you will find information on: • “Measurement Expressions Syntax” on page 1-3 • “Manipulating Simulation Data with Expressions” on page 1-7 • Information on working with different types of data. • Information specific to entering simulator expressions in your particular product. You will also find a complete list of functions that can be used as measurement expressions individually, or combined together as a nested expression. These functions have been separated into libraries and are listed in alphabetical order within each library. The functions available include: • Chapter 3, Circuit Budget Functions • Chapter 4, Circuit Envelope Functions • Chapter 5, Data Access Functions • Chapter 6, Harmonic Balance Functions • Chapter 7, Math Functions • Chapter 8, Signal Processing Functions • Chapter 9, S-Parameter Analysis Functions • Chapter 10, Statistical Analysis Functions • Chapter 11, Transient Analysis Functions For a complete list of all functions provided in this document, refer to the Alphabetical Listing of Measurement Expressions in Chapter 2 or consult the index. Measurement Expressions Syntax Use the following guidelines when creating measurement expressions: • Measurement expressions are based on the mathematical syntax in Application Extension Language (AEL). • Function names, variable names, and constant names are all case sensitive in measurement expressions. • Use commas to separate arguments. Measurement Expressions Syntax 1-3
Introduction to Measurement Expressions • White space between arguments is acceptable. Case Sensitivity All variable names, functions names, and equation names are case sensitive in measurement expressions. Variable Names Variables produced by the simulator can be referenced in equations with various degrees of rigidity. In general a variable is defined as: DatasetName.AnalysisName.AnalysisType.CircuitPath.VariableName By default, in the Data Display window, a variable is commonly referenced as: DatasetName..VariableName where the double dot “..” indicates that the variable is unique in this dataset. If a variable is referenced without a dataset name, then it is assumed to be in the current default dataset. When the results of several analyses are in a dataset, it becomes necessary to specify the analysis name with the variable name. The double dot can always be used to pad a variable name instead of specifying the complete name. In most cases a dataset contains results from a single analysis only, and so the variable name alone is sufficient. The most common use of the double dot is when it is desired to tie a variable to a dataset other than the default dataset. 1-4 Measurement Expressions Syntax
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