Measurement Expressions
August 2005
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Contents
1
Introduction to Measurement Expressions
Measurement Expressions Syntax ........................................................................... 1-3
Case Sensitivity.................................................................................................. 1-4
Variable Names .................................................................................................. 1-4
Built-in Constants ............................................................................................... 1-5
Operator Precedence ......................................................................................... 1-5
Conditional Expressions..................................................................................... 1-6
Manipulating Simulation Data with Expressions....................................................... 1-7
Simulation Data .................................................................................................. 1-7
Measurements and Expressions ........................................................................ 1-8
Generating Data ................................................................................................. 1-8
Simple Sweeps and Using “[ ]” ........................................................................... 1-9
S-Parameters and Matrices................................................................................ 1-9
Matrices.............................................................................................................. 1-10
Multidimensional Sweeps and Indexing ............................................................. 1-10
User-Defined Functions............................................................................................ 1-10
Functions Reference Format .................................................................................... 1-12
2 Using Measurement Expressions in Advanced Design System
MeasEqn (Measurement Equations Component) .................................................... 2-2
Pre-Configured Measurements in ADS .................................................................... 2-4
Measurement Expressions Examples in ADS .......................................................... 2-8
Alphabetical Listing of Measurement Functions ....................................................... 2-11
3 Circuit Budget Functions
Budget Measurement Analysis................................................................................. 3-1
Frequency Plan .................................................................................................. 3-2
Reflection and Backward-Traveling Wave Effects............................................... 3-3
4 Circuit Envelope Functions
Working with Envelope Data..................................................................................... 4-1
5 Data Access Functions
6 Harmonic Balance Functions
Working with Harmonic Balance Data ...................................................................... 6-1
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7 Math Functions
8 Signal Processing Functions
9 S-Parameter Analysis Functions
10 Statistical Analysis Functions
11 Transient Analysis Functions
Working with Transient Data..................................................................................... 11-1
12 FrontPanel Eye Diagram Functions
Working with the Eye Diagram FrontPanel ............................................................... 12-2
Index
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Measurement
Expressions
This document describes the measurement expressions that are available for use
with several Agilent EEsof EDA products. For a complete list of available
measurement functions, refer to the Alphabetical Listing of Measurement Functions
in Chapter 2 or consult the index.
Measurement expressions are equations that are evaluated during simulation post
processing. They can be entered into the program using various methods, depending
on which product you are using. Unlike the expressions described in the Simulator
Expressions documentation, these expressions are evaluated after a simulation has
completed, not before the simulation is run. Measurement expressions can also be
easily used in a Data Display. For more information on entering equations in a data
display, refer to the Data Display documentation.
Although there is some overlap among many of the more commonly used functions,
measurement expressions and simulator expressions are derived from separate
sources, evaluated at different times, and can have subtle differences in their usages.
Thus, these two types of expressions need to be considered separately. For an
overview of how measurement expressions are evaluated, refer to Figure 1-1.
1-1
Introduction to Measurement Expressions
Start Simulation
Evaluate Simulator
Expressions
Complete Simulation
Evaluate Measurement
Expressions
Measurement Expressions are
evaluated during simulation
post-processing.
Open Data Display
Evaluate Measurement
Expressions in Data
Display
Measurement Expressions can
also be evaluated in a Data
Display.
Figure 1-1. How Measurement Expressions are Evaluated.
1-2
Within this document you will find information on:
• “Measurement Expressions Syntax” on page 1-3
• “Manipulating Simulation Data with Expressions” on page 1-7
• Information on working with different types of data.
• Information specific to entering simulator expressions in your particular
product.
You will also find a complete list of functions that can be used as measurement
expressions individually, or combined together as a nested expression. These
functions have been separated into libraries and are listed in alphabetical order
within each library. The functions available include:
• Chapter 3, Circuit Budget Functions
• Chapter 4, Circuit Envelope Functions
• Chapter 5, Data Access Functions
• Chapter 6, Harmonic Balance Functions
• Chapter 7, Math Functions
• Chapter 8, Signal Processing Functions
• Chapter 9, S-Parameter Analysis Functions
• Chapter 10, Statistical Analysis Functions
• Chapter 11, Transient Analysis Functions
For a complete list of all functions provided in this document, refer to the
Alphabetical Listing of Measurement Expressions in Chapter 2 or consult the index.
Measurement Expressions Syntax
Use the following guidelines when creating measurement expressions:
• Measurement expressions are based on the mathematical syntax in Application
Extension Language (AEL).
• Function names, variable names, and constant names are all case sensitive in
measurement expressions.
• Use commas to separate arguments.
Measurement Expressions Syntax 1-3
Introduction to Measurement Expressions
• White space between arguments is acceptable.
Case Sensitivity
All variable names, functions names, and equation names are case sensitive in
measurement expressions.
Variable Names
Variables produced by the simulator can be referenced in equations with various
degrees of rigidity. In general a variable is defined as:
DatasetName.AnalysisName.AnalysisType.CircuitPath.VariableName
By default, in the Data Display window, a variable is commonly referenced as:
DatasetName..VariableName
where the double dot “..” indicates that the variable is unique in this dataset. If a
variable is referenced without a dataset name, then it is assumed to be in the current
default dataset.
When the results of several analyses are in a dataset, it becomes necessary to specify
the analysis name with the variable name. The double dot can always be used to pad
a variable name instead of specifying the complete name.
In most cases a dataset contains results from a single analysis only, and so the
variable name alone is sufficient. The most common use of the double dot is when it is
desired to tie a variable to a dataset other than the default dataset.
1-4 Measurement Expressions Syntax